Yao, a native of the Tang Dynasty (now Yaodu District, Linfen, Shanxi), was the leader of the ancient tribal alliance. Mother Chen's son is one of the "Five Emperors". At the age of thirteen, he assisted the younger brother's imperial system and sealed it in pottery. At the age of fifteen, he was renamed Tang and named Tao. At the age of eighteen, Yao became the son of heaven and made Pingyang his capital. Yao Li has been successful for seventy years. Twenty years later, Yao Lao and Shun replaced Yao in power, and Yao gave way, and died twenty-eight years later. Yao inherited his father's throne and created the "abdication system".
He ordered He to determine and deduce the calendar, set the age at four o'clock, and reward the people with farming time. The vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice are determined. Yao set up the drum of advice and let everyone in the world do their best; Build a tree of slander and let people all over the world attack his mistakes. [ 1]
Emperor Yao is highly respected and the people fall in love with him. He is serious and respectful, radiant, clear from top to bottom, can unite people's hearts and make all ethnic groups unite as one and live in harmony. Yao people live a simple life, eat coarse rice and drink wild vegetable soup, which is widely loved by the people. It was regarded as a typical sage monarch by later Confucianists.
Legend has it that the third wife of the ancient emperor Di Ku was named Du Qing, the daughter of Hou Yi ("Chen Feng's daughter" in Historical Records). After Du Qing got married, she still kept her family. At the end of this spring, Yi took a boat trip. Above the Sanjiang River, at noon, a strong wind suddenly blew, and a red cloud rolled up in the sky, forming a tornado on the ship, as if a red dragon was flying in this whirlwind. The old couple were frightened, but they looked as if nothing had happened to their daughter Du Qing and smiled at the red dragon. At night, the wind stopped the clouds and the red dragon disappeared. On the way back by boat the next day, a strong wind blew again, and the red dragon appeared again, only smaller and longer.
Emperor Yao painted by Qing people
About a foot or so. Because it didn't wreak havoc on people, the old couple were less afraid.
At night, the old couple fell asleep, but Keqing couldn't sleep. She closed her eyes and couldn't help laughing. In the hazy sky, the evil wind merged, and the red dragon pounced on her, and she was confused. When I woke up, I still had an unpleasant saliva foam on my body, and there was a picture covered with saliva foam beside me, on which was painted a red portrait with a pointed and plump face, eight eyebrows and long hair, and the words: Blessed. She hid the photo, and after that, Du Qing got pregnant. She lived in Dan Ling (now Yiqishan, Shunping County), and fourteen months later, she gave birth to a son. Du Qing took out the pictures and texts left by Chilong, and saw that his son was exactly the same as the person painted. Di Ku is glad to hear that he has a son. Unexpectedly, his mother died just after his son was born. Di Ku is a dutiful son. He wept bitterly over his mother's death. How can he be happy? He has been in mourning for his mother for three years in a row, and he no longer cares about Du Qing and his son. Du Qing took his son to live in her mother's house and raised him until he was ten years old, so that he could return to his father. This child is the later Emperor Yao. Therefore, when Emperor Yao was a child, he took his grandfather's surname as his surname and was later called Tao.
In 2008, the preparatory meeting for the demonstration of Yao Di cultural relics in Youxian County was held in Jinlong Hotel, Zhuzhou City. 13 well-known professors (researchers) from the national archaeology and pre-Qin history research circles believe that Yao Di was born in Dan Ling, Youxian County (now Qishan) and buried in Yaoshan (Shunping County, Hebei Province) and so on.
Yuanqitang county
The article "History of the Later Han Dynasty, County Records, Tangxian County" quotes: "Emperor Century said: Yao sealed the Tang Dynasty, with Yao Mountain in the north, Tanghe River in the west and promising capital in the south." Famous ancient geographical records, such as Notes on Water Mirror, Map of Yuanhe County and Notes on Taiping Land, all hold this view.
Mr. Xu also said in his "Legendary Times of China Ancient History": "The old city should be the generation of Tangxian, Shunping and Wang Du in Baoding, Hebei Province today." According to the characteristics of Longshan culture, Mr. Zhou Changfu pointed out in On Tang Yao Family: "In terms of age and distribution, Longshan culture in Hebei is equivalent to the ancient family in Tang Yao." [2]
Move the capital to Linfen
Emperor Yao painted by Qing people
Flood avoidance theory
According to historical records, the historical Shanghai basin was flooded. Especially the Sanggan River system and the Hutuo River system, the upstream is in Shanxi, and the downstream is in Hebei. "The current is swift, wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and the upstream current carries a lot of sediment. After entering the plain, the flow rate drops sharply, sediment is deposited, the river bed is silted up, and the tail is not smooth, which is very easy to cause disasters. " ("Hebei Scenery")
Tangxian and Wang Du, where Tang Yao tribes live, are located at the junction of the western slope of Taihang Mountain and the North China Plain. There are Yanghe River in the north, Hutuo River in the south and Tanghe River in the west, and the river network is dense, which is a flood-prone area. The main reason why Tang Yao moved westward was to escape the flood. Because most ancient books have records about floods when talking about Tang Yao. Shang Dian said: "When Yao was in power, the flood was the heaviest"; The annals of all nations said: "When Yao was young, the water in the upper reaches of the river itched and flowed"; "A Brief Examination of Jincheng" said: "When Yao was in chaos, Huang Shui shocked the capital." Wait, wait, wait
Perhaps it is precisely because of the frequent flooding of the Tanghe River and the Hutuo River that Tang Caiyao left his long-lived hometown with his tribe, moved from the gentle zone at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain to the heights along the Hutuo River, crossed the Taihang Canyon and entered the present Shanxi territory. In Yuxian County, it continues to the southwest along the tributaries of Hutuo River, Wenchuan River and Fenhe River.
According to Everything is Wrong and Huainanzi Spiritual Practice, Tang Yao tribes have mastered the technology of building big houses, and the houses they built are "not in the wool, but in the past"; "Simple and not awkward, the theme is not awkward." The thatch of the roof is not trimmed, the rafters of the eaves are not cut, and the beams and columns at both ends are not painted. In addition, the Tang Tao tribe, which is good at making pottery, brought these technologies to Taiyuan and passed them on to the local indigenous people. So, on the plain in the middle reaches of Fenhe River, Tang Yao tribes and Taiyuan ancestors quickly merged together, built their homes, and created the Longshan culture in Taiyuan. [2]
Avoidance theory
In the book History of the Origin of Yanhuang, He Guangyue believes that due to the growing influence of Dongyi people, Tang Yao, as the leader of the tribal alliance, led the army westward to avoid the intrusion of Dongyi people, "starting from Tangxian and Wang Du, going south to the Tang Dynasty, crossing Jingxing along the Hutuo River, passing through Taiyuan, and then entering Pingyang." ("On Tang Yao")
Zou Heng thinks so too. He pointed out in the article "Archaeological Collection of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties": "The ancient culture in Taiyuan is mostly Xutan culture and Guangshe culture in Longshan, Hebei Province, and a large number of pottery unearthed there are like gullies in Longshan culture." The mutual confirmation of the above discussion and the unearthed cultural relics reveals the close relationship between Xutan culture in Taiyuan, Guangshe culture and Longshan culture in Hebei, thus confirming the real existence of the possibility that Tang Yao tribes moved to Taiyuan from Tangxian County and Wang Du in Hebei Province and settled in Taiyuan.
prevent flooding
Yao's era is also a legendary flood period. "As soon as the soup is flooded, it will be cut. Hu Aishan Xiangling Mountain is crumbling and has a huge momentum." The water is huge, roaring, flooding the hills, rushing to Gorkon, endangering the world and making people uneasy. Yao was worried about this and asked Siyue who could control the flood. April recommended guns. Yao thinks Gun is unreliable and often disobeys orders, which harms one's own interests and is not suitable for this important job. But in April, he insisted on giving Gun a try, so Yao sent Gun to control the water. Guns have been used to control water for nine years without merit.
Its capital Pingyang
Ode to the image of the ancients of Ming Emperor Yao and Zhu.
Tang Dynasty is the capital of the Tang Dynasty. Taiyuan has rich oral legends for thousands of years, and there are also many records in local chronicles and stone tablets. Historical Records of the Five Emperors Justice quoted Zongguo Capital Cloud: "The Tang State was sealed by the descendants of Yaodi, which was called Taiyuan County in Chinese. It is in the west of Taihang Hengshan Mountain in ancient Jeju, and there is Jinshui in the south." "History of Han Geography" contains: "Jinyang is the Tang Dynasty, and Yao started here." "Das Kapital" says: "There is Tang Cheng in the second mile of Jinyang City, which was built by Yao." Zhu's Biography of Poems is still telling that Tang Cheng was built by Emperor Yao and Tang Cheng is located in Jinyang, Taiyuan.
As early as 4,500 years ago in the Tang Yao era, there were primitive settlements in Taiyuan, with a well-developed culture and a relatively dense population. This primitive tribe thrived in Taiyuan, which not only developed the economy here and created its own culture, but also established a powerful tribal alliance, created the ancient city-Tang Cheng, and protected itself from aggression.
Taiyuan was the capital of the early years of the Tang and Yao Dynasties, and the Tang Dynasty was built in Taiyuan, so Taiyuan has the ancient name of "Tang" and "Tang State". Tracing back to the ancient meaning of "Tang", Shuo Wen Jie Zi is interpreted as "Tang, big talk." "There is no White Tiger Pass." It is interpreted as "Tang, Dang and Virtue". It can be seen that Tang is a knowledgeable character, which basically means: big talk, bold words and orders; The extended meaning is: Yao is such an outstanding figure in terms of words and orders issued by the most moral person. There are at least three places called Tang in ancient times, such as Tang in Hebei, Tang in Taiyuan and Tang in southern Shanxi, all of which were named after Tang Yao's repeated migration and settlement.
Yao and Yao's tribe, I wonder if it is out of the pioneering spirit of this tribe? Or was there a flood because the Fenhe River was blocked by Huoshan at that time? After living in Taiyuan for a period of time, they left their ethnic groups and continued to migrate along the direction of the south flow of Fenhe River, and finally settled in Pingyang, Linfen Basin today. Zheng Xuan said in the Book of Songs: "Yao first lived in Jinyang and then moved to Hedong." Yan Ruoxuan's "Shangshu Shuzheng" also said: "Yao was the son of heaven and later moved to Pingyang House." Thus, there is a saying that Yao is Pingyang, which also confirms the ancient record that Yao started as Jinyang and then moved to Jinyang. Another ancient name of Taiyuan is Beitang, which is located in the north of Pingyang after Tang Yao moved its capital from Taiyuan. In order to distinguish the Tang Dynasty in Taiyuan from the Tang Dynasty in Pingyang, the word "North" was added in front of the Tang Dynasty in Taiyuan, which is why Taiyuan is also called "Bei Tang".
Draw up a calendar
Emperor Yao's "Three Sages Meeting" in Qi
Yao Dian in Shangshu said that Yao Mingshi and He Shibi made calendars according to the movement of the sun, moon and stars, promulgated the world, and made agricultural production have laws to follow. "When respecting the people", he sent Xi Zhong to live in a place called Yangu on the east coast, observe the sunrise, divide the day and night as the vernal equinox, and make corrections with reference to the positions of birds and stars; Uncle Percy lives in a place called Du Ming. He observes the movement of the sun from north to south, regards the longest day as the summer solstice, and corrects it with reference to the position of Mars. Pai and Zhong lived in a place called the Valley of Ignorance in the west, observed the sunset, took the day divided equally between day and night as the autumnal equinox, and corrected it with reference to the position of the virtual star; Pai and Shu lived in a place called Youdu in the north, observed the movement of the sun from south to north, took the shortest day as the winter solstice, and corrected it with reference to the position of the Pleiades. Yao decided to take 366 days as a year, set a leap month every three years, and use the leap month to adjust the relationship between the calendar and the four seasons, so that the annual farming season is correct and there is no business trip. It can be seen that the ancients regarded the era of Emperor Yao as an era of rapid progress in farming culture.
Interview talented people
Shi Zaiyao's nine chivalrous men, or eleven chivalrous men, are full of talented people. However, he is afraid of burying talents and leaving a legacy in the wild. Therefore, he often went deep into the hinterland and went to Shan Ye to look for detailed interviews, asking sages to visit political gains and losses and select talents.
During the Warring States Period, Zhuang Zhou once said: Yao governs the world and knows the internal affairs. He went to Gushe Mountain on the north bank of Fenshui to pay homage to four famous celebrities. He felt lost, as if he had lost the world. These four famous celebrities are Fang Hui, who is good at dressing and making promises. He is a famous saint, who values righteousness over profit and is not greedy for wealth. Yao realized that virtue is not as good as wisdom. He realized that a moral person should not be conceited. We must be courteous and courteous, treat the elderly as civilians, and visit him as students treat teachers, so that Hao Juan can take the lead. Yao stands below and asks for advice from the north. Yao once wanted to be the best player in the world. He replied, "I was born in the universe. I wear fur coats in winter, eat gingerbread in summer, sow spring, harvest autumn, have a rest, work at sunrise and rest at sunset, and enjoy myself between heaven and earth." What do I want the world to do? " Pathetic! You don't know me well. "Shanjuan therefore left the north and lived in seclusion in a cave in Yixing County, Jiangsu Province. The explanation of Shanjuandong now also shows that he went from this place in Shanxi today.
Zhuang Zhou once said: "Teacher Yao said that teachers are missing teeth every day, teachers are missing teeth every day, and teachers wear clothes every day." Putting on clothes means Puyi, and also writes Puyi, hence the name. He lives in Pugu Mountain, and Yao visited him personally and worshipped him as a teacher. Today, there is Puyi Village in Tailin Township, Puxian County, which is said to be Puyi's seclusion place, hence the name Puyi Village. Near Puyi Village, there was a place where Emperor Yao and Puyi talked about the avenue, which was later called the missionary platform. This is also the place where Emperor Yao rested, which was later called Tax Driving Slope. Puyi, called Puyizi in ancient times, was later called Puziguo, later called Puzi County here, and now called Puxian County. Among the poems left by the Qing Dynasty, there is a saying that "the sage took the treasure and the holy emperor Pingyang came here", which refers to the story of Emperor Yao's visit to Pu.
In Zhuangzi, Yao asked, "Can you still be the son of heaven without your teeth? I want you to invite him. " Xu You said, "No! This is a dangerous thing for the world. A person who is short of talents is smart, witty, quick-witted and gifted. It is wrong for you to let him accept the mission of practicing the rule of nature because of his human strength. He knows that negligence is forbidden, but he doesn't know the cause of negligence. Make him the son of heaven? He will advocate wisdom and abandon nature; He will distinguish things according to his own will, and he will seek knowledge like a low-paid fire; We must immerse ourselves in things and interfere with them everywhere. Be sure to be busy and try to meet the requirements of things. We must do everything possible to change everything and make it restless. How can you make him the son of heaven? Although his behavior can be imitated by ordinary people, he can only be the monarch of a vassal state, not the son of heaven. Governance is the source of anxiety, the disaster of officials, and the disaster of monarch and minister. " Xu You knows his teacher very well. After being dissuaded, Yao said this sentence naturally.
Emperor Yao's visit to Xi 'an is the first story recorded in ancient books. Xu You was a celebrity at that time. He advocates natural inaction, is not greedy for fame and fortune, insists on self-reliance, lives simply and has no desire for the world. When he learned that Emperor Yao was coming to visit him, he hid. I happened to meet him and asked him where he was going. He said, "To escape from Emperor Yao". "Why?" Nie asked. Yao is a man of righteousness. I am afraid that he will be laughed at by the whole world and that someone will eat people in the future. " Ordinary people? It is not difficult to win them over. Love them and they will be close to you; Give them benefits and they will be attracted to you; Praise them and they will be diligent. Do what they hate, and they will run away. Caring for and benefiting the people is based on benevolence and righteousness, and those who sincerely practice benevolence and righteousness benefit more. This kind of benevolent behavior can not only be implemented, but also become a tool of hypocrisy. This kind of thing that wants to make the world profitable with one person's decision is just one size fits all. Yao only knows that sages can benefit the world, but he doesn't know that sages can harm the world. Only people who don't value sages know this truth. After a while, Emperor Yao visited Xu You and worshipped Xu You in Peize. Yao said to him, "When the sun came out, the torch was still there. Isn't it unnecessary to let it shine in the sunlight that illuminates the universe? Isn't it futile to water the garden after the heavy rain? As the son of heaven, I am ashamed that it is inappropriate to occupy the throne. Please allow me to entrust the world to Yu Xiansheng and the world will be peaceful. " Xu You said to Emperor Yao, "You have ruled the world for a long time. Now that the world has been ruled, let me be the ready-made son of heaven instead of you. Do I want to be famous? "The name is a real subordinate, and I'm not interested in that fake name. Even if the wren nests in the deep forest, it only takes one; Even if the mole ran to the Yellow River to drink water, it would be enough to drink into his stomach. Go home. The son of heaven is useless to me. Even if the chef doesn't sacrifice, sacrifice can't replace cooking. " So Xu You went to Mount Ji, where he plowed and ate. He is very happy and never covets the pity of life. Legend has it that Yao gave up his position in the world and thought it was shameful. He went to the river to wash his ears, and later he was named ear washing river. Chao Fu Penny went to the river to drink water and met Xu You washing her ears. After asking the reason, he said, "You washed your ears and made the water here dirty. I don't want my cows to drink this sewage. " Take the cows to the upper reaches of the river to drink water.
Emperor Yao once visited a man named Zizhou Magistrate. After consulting him, he felt that this man could support the world and let Zizhou support his father. Zizhou's father replied, "It's okay to give me the world, but it's a pity that I'm suffering from depression and I'm preparing to treat it well. This is unacceptable." Emperor Yao is reluctant, but he respects him very much.
Invent and make wine
Legend has it that Yao was transformed by a dragon and was particularly sensitive to the aura. We are attracted by the aura of Didi Ditan, bringing everyone here to live and work in peace and contentment, and using this aura to develop agriculture and let the people live and work in peace and contentment. In order to thank God and pray for the future, Yao chose the best grain, soaked it in dripping water, and used special methods to remove all impurities, extinguish the essence and brew the water of blessing. This kind of water is clear and pure, with a long fragrance, and it is distributed to people to celebrate their well-being.
In order to thank Yao, people named this blessed water "Huayao".
Wedding deer fairy
Deer fairy is born with ice and snow, and looks like a graceful virgin. She is kind-hearted, so she helps the poor and the people. In the Black Dragon Pool near Xiandonggou, a black dragon lurks, often making waves, disturbing pedestrians and hurting deer in the area from Shanghe to Lugou. Luxian cares about people's safety and deer's survival, and is determined to subdue the black dragon. One day, she came to the edge of the Black Dragon Pool and challenged the Black Dragon. The black dragon jumped up from the pool, bared its teeth and went straight to the fairy. Luxian pointed to the black dragon, and the black dragon suddenly collapsed on the beach, begging for mercy from Luxian and expressing his willingness to serve Luxian for life. Luxian spared its life, imprisoned it in the Black Dragon Cave and turned it into his own mount. Since then, the black dragon's harm to creatures in Xiandonggou area has been relieved.
Emperor Yao was ordered to face danger. At first, the crops were scorched, and then floods flooded the countryside. Tribal countries all over the country rule each other. Emperor Yao relied on the support of the leaders of Yi and other tribal countries to unite the Central Plains and lead the people in fighting floods and droughts, which was praised by all the people. One day, he went to Mumapo in Xiandong and talked with the herdsmen about the way of animal husbandry. By the way, the herdsmen also told the story of Lu Xian's murder. At this moment, I suddenly saw a fairy floating in the fairy cave, and all the herdsmen pointed to Emperor Yao in surprise. It turned out to be a deer fairy known as the goddess of ancient shooting. After Emperor Yao returned to Duyao, the image of Deer Fairy kept emerging in his mind. At night, I dreamed that the deer fairy fell from the sky, smiled intently, came to him, held hands with him, told each other's feelings, and rode on the clouds. Emperor Yao traveled incognito to the ancient Sheshan Mountain and went to Xiandong. He saw a young woman dancing gracefully on the lawn beside the forest, flying and hiding, flickering underground, wearing a stone statue and walking on the ground, accompanied by deer. Emperor Yao thought she must be a deer fairy, so he strode forward and bowed to her. Unexpectedly, she didn't answer, so she hid behind a pine tree and put on a wooden comb to comb her hair shyly. When Yao comes near, she will insert the wooden comb into this tree, then turn behind another tree and smile. Emperor Yao also chased after him with a smile, but he came to a quiet place. Suddenly, a python came out of the valley, spitting red letters and staring at him with its head held high. He fell back and tripped over the grass on the ground. At this critical juncture, Luxian saw this scene, jumped in front of Emperor Yao and stopped him. She reached out a finger and saw that the python was trembling and paralyzed, and turned back to the valley as instructed. This python was transformed by Hei Hu Fairy; Intended to harm emperor Yao. Emperor Yao was frightened and thanked Luxian for saving his life. On the way back to the fairy cave, the two poured out their hearts to each other and hit it off.
Emperor Yao guarded the fairy cave that night. The next day, Luxian took Emperor Yao to visit the mountain. Lu Xian pointed to the glittering mirror stone and said, "I often face it for plastic surgery." Walking to the stone platform under the ravine, the deer fairy said that she "often sits on this platform and combs her hair, which is handed down as my dressing table." She pointed to the stacked stone steps on the other side and said that she often climbed the stairs from there, which was called the fairy ladder. She said that she often bathes and swims in Longxu Waterfall in Hougou by riding a black dragon: "I like nature and live freely, but since I met you, I sincerely admire your great ambition to help the world, and I am willing to help you become a great emperor." After hearing this, Emperor Yao was very happy and expressed his willingness to be a lovebird and sing Qi Fei. So they made an engagement and got married on another day. Emperor Yao and Luxian are in Xiandong, taking the cave as their new home, and the candle mountain opposite them is dazzling, making Nanxian Cave look like daylight. Later, people called this wedding night "wedding night"
After Emperor Yao got married, he was busy managing state affairs, and Luxian often took care of the racecourse. The next year, Luxian gave birth to a boy. Yao was very happy and named him Zhu. Luxian raised his son and grew up gradually. It's said that a python has swallowed the herdsmen in Mumatan, and she thinks it must be Hei Hu Fairy who is playing tricks again. So he decided to surrender to the evil python. She chased the python from the wrangler beach to the dresser. The python was about to turn around when Luxian jumped up and stabbed the python's throat with his sword. The python was stabbed to death. Hei Hu escaped, and then there was the Snake Cave. Hei Hu Fairy became more and more jealous of Luxian and tried to hurt Luxian. Deer Fairy had to report to Heaven, and Heaven sent heavenly soldiers to capture Hei Hu Fairy and put Hei Hu Fairy under the hill in the southeast of Yang, making it Wohu Mountain. At the same time, Emperor Tiandi punished Luxian for breaking off the dusty relationship with Emperor Yao. Luxian was helpless and returned the young Jules to Emperor Yao. Since then, she has lived in seclusion in the mountains. Emperor Yao sent people to look around, but they were nowhere to be seen. They went to Gushe Mountain to look for it, and kept calling around the clock, but there was no reply. Emperor Yao married another woman named Yi San and gave birth to seven men and two women. Pearl was later sealed in Dandi (Fushan), so she was called Danzhuyi. Later, people remembered the merits of Lu Xian, and commemorated the statue of Lu Xian in a small hole on the left side of Black Dragon Cave in Nanxian Cave, which has been burning incense for thousands of years.
Create go
According to legend, after Pingyang, the capital of ancient Du Yao, pacified Concord Tribal State, agricultural production and people's life showed a prosperous scene. However, there is one thing that worries Di Yao. Although Zidanzhu has grown up, he is in his teens, but he idles around, gets together with friends, quarrels with others and often makes trouble. Emperor Yao believed that in order to return Dani to perfection, we must first stabilize his nature, entertain his heart and teach him several skills. At first, he taught hunting skills. Dani doesn't like it. Yao sighed and said, "If you don't want to learn to hunt, learn to play chess. If you learn it, it will be of great use. " With an arrow, he forcibly portrayed dozens of Fang Gezi on a flat slope rock, picked up a lot of stones, and gave half of them to Dani, hand in hand teaching Dani how to use stones to express forward and backward strategies in the process of leading tribal operations. Dani also listened at this time, showing patience.
After that, Dani studied chess very intently. He didn't wander outside, so Saint Yi Shi was more practical. Emperor Yao said to St. Yi Shi: "Stone chess contains profound principles of governing the people, the army and the mountains and rivers. If Zhu Dan really changes his mind and understands these truths, it is natural to take over my throne. " Unexpectedly, Dan Zhu Qi didn't learn it thoroughly, but he listened to the bad words of the former gang. He thinks there are too many restrictions on playing chess and there is no freedom at all. He had to work hard, made old mistakes, made friends all day, and even tried to seize his father's position as emperor by deception. He was very sad and died of a serious illness. Emperor Yao was very sad. He moved Danzhu to the south and never wanted to see Danzhu again. He also ceded the throne to Yu Shun. Yu Shun followed the example of Emperor Yao and taught Shang Jun to play chess. Later, the pattern of Weiqi squares was made on pottery, and there was a record in the history books that "Yao made Weiqi for teaching". Today, there is a graphic relic of Qipanling Weiqi stone carving in Xishan, Zhangjin Village, Longci Township.
Political and military achievements
In all kinds of philosopher's books, there are legends about Emperor Yao's martial arts. Both the interlayer and the martial arts are perfect, so Yao is the ancient holy king. "Lu Chunqiu Zhao Lei" said: "Yao fought in the fresh water pool to serve the barbarians." He once crusaded against gangs in the south and went into battle himself. Huai Nan Zi Ben said: "In Yao, we went out together for ten days and eight days to burn crops and kill plants, but the people had nothing to eat. Anger, tooth digging, nine babies, strong winds, meditation and snake repair are all harmful to the people. " Yao sent Hou Yi to kill those wild animals and shot them for nine days. It is said that people are very grateful for Yao's behavior of killing pests for the people, so they acclaimed him as the son of heaven. It is a myth to shoot for nine days, but praising the significance of Yao's "promoting benefits and eliminating evils, cutting chaos and prohibiting violence" is really praising the good governance of the emperor Yao Anbang, not only his civilized treatment, but also his martial arts.
Zen position Yu Shun
Yao Zui was praised for passing on the sage rather than the son. Zen is located in Shun, and the position of the son of heaven is not private. After 70 years in office, Yao felt it necessary to choose a successor. He had long thought that his son Dani was fierce and stubborn, so he discussed with April and asked them to recommend candidates. April recommended Shun, saying that this person is very filial, and his family relationship is handled well, which can influence his family to mend their ways. Yao decided to make an investigation before making a decision.
Yao married his two daughters to Shun, and studied Shun's virtue from them to see if he could manage the housework well. Shun,, lived by the Wei River and walked according to the ceremony. Both of them are very loyal to Shun and abide by women's morality. Yao also assigned Shun to carry out moral education, and Shun taught his subjects and guided their behavior with the five virtues of fatherly righteousness, motherly kindness, brotherhood, filial piety and filial piety. His subjects are willing to listen to his teachings and generally act according to the five virtues. Yao also asked Shun to take charge of officials and handle government affairs. All officials obeyed Shun's command, and everything was revitalized and abandoned, which was particularly orderly and not chaotic. Yao also ordered Shun to be at the fourth gate of Mingtang, responsible for receiving governors who came to see him from all directions. Shun got along well with the princes, which also made them harmonious and friendly. The prince and the guests from afar respected him very much. Finally, Yao asked Shun to go to the forest at the foot of the mountain alone and stand the test of nature. In the storm, Shun was able to walk without losing his way, showing strong viability.
After three years of various investigations, Yao felt that Shun was mature and reliable, and he could make achievements no matter what he said or did, so he decided to cede the throne to Shun. On the first day of the first month, a meditation ceremony was held in the ancestral hall, officially letting Shun take over from himself and ascend to the position of the son of heaven. Twenty-eight years later, Yao died. "People are sad, just like losing their parents. For three years, the quartet held music and thought Yao. " People deeply miss him.
Listen to opinions with an open mind
After Yao came to power, his life was very simple, living in a thatched cottage, drinking wild vegetable soup and wearing coarse cloth woven by kudzu vine. Always pay attention to listen to the opinions of the people and set up a "drum remonstrance" in front of the government palace. Anyone who has any comments or suggestions about him or his country can beat this drum at any time. As soon as Yao hears the drums, he will immediately accept them and listen carefully to everyone's opinions. In order to facilitate the people to find the court, he also let people set up a "slander tree" on the road, that is, a wooden pillar was buried and guarded. If the people have any opinions, they can state them to the keeper, and if the visitors want to go to the court, the keeper will give them guidance. Because he can hear the opinions of the people in time, Yao knows the sufferings of the people very well.
Perfect politics
In the early days of Yao's administration, there was no basic national system, and the country was just a tribal association, which was very loose and not conducive to the unified management of the country. Therefore, after accumulating certain administrative experience, Yao began to establish a national political system, one of which was to appoint officials according to various government affairs. This was the first time in the history of our country to establish a relatively systematic political system, which laid the foundation for the emergence of a slave country.
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Chronological life
Tang Yao's father is Di Ku mentioned in the history books. There are five sons, the first is Zhi, the second is Abandoned Son, the third is Qi, the fourth is Yao, and the fifth is Qiu. I am the wise emperor. After he ascended the throne, he reused his cronies and indulged in pleasure, which led to people's defection, hatred, frequent disasters and unrest. At that time, Yao was sealed in Tangyi, and his ruling area was mainly in Tangxian, Shunping and Quyang. During the drought years in the Central Plains and Shaanxi-Gansu areas, the north was also attacked by drought demons. However, Tang Yao led local residents to dam rivers and irrigate fields, thus defeating the magic of drought and obtaining a bumper harvest, which made Tang State a rich country at that time. Therefore, many foreign victims fled to the Tang Dynasty and sought help from Tang Yao. With his compassion, Yao helped the victims all over the country selflessly and won people's admiration. The second son, first sealed in Tao, then sealed in Tang, was named Tao Downs. Its nickname is Yao, and its history is called. [3]
parents
According to legend, Yao's father is and his mother is Chen Feng's daughter. Di Ku, the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor, reigned for 70 years. "The sun and the moon shine, and the wind and rain come, and he has to obey." . After his death, Yao's half-brother inherited the throne. After nine years in office, Zhi abdicated to Yao because of poor politics.
later generations
His son Yuan Ming is the surname and the ancestor of Liu. This surname Liu was cultivated by later generations: Liu Lei, Qian, Tang Du Shuhong, Wen Kehui, Liu Bang, Liu Bei, Liu Xiang, Liu, Liu Bida and other outstanding figures in the history of China.