First, the introduction and popularization of cash crops in Gannan in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Hakkas from Fujian and Guangdong set off a wave of immigrants who moved back to Jiangxi. With the arrival of immigrants, cash crops planted in Guangdong and Fujian also entered Gannan. Among them, there are mainly tobacco, sugarcane, peanuts, indigo, ramie and so on.
Once all kinds of cash crops flow in, they will soon be planted in Gannan. For example, according to the author's research, tobacco was introduced in the Apocalypse and Chongzhen periods in the late Ming Dynasty, and in the early Qing Dynasty, it was already a "land for growing grain, and half of it was a place for planting tobacco" (1); In Ningdu area, there is no land to grow (2); Tobacco cultivation in Ganzhou is "the essence of Nanmu". Due to the popularity of tobacco cultivation, tobacco has become a symbol of wealth in Ruijin. "Some people in the village pay for cigarettes." (3)
Indigo is an essential dye in traditional textile industry. With the increase of cotton textiles, the demand for dyes has expanded rapidly, and indigo has also been popularized. Indigo cultivation in southern Jiangxi was brought into central Jiangxi by refugees from western Fujian and later introduced. By the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the indigo production in Ganzhou had reached a considerable scale. "People in the south of the city make indigo, and everyone in the northwest is old. When they go boating, people in the state eat it. " (4) become an export commodity.
Ramie, because the natural conditions in southern Jiangxi are not suitable for growing cotton, is abundant, and it is flax or summer cloth. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Ningdu was "the home of all the customs in the state" (2), Shicheng was "no sericulture, only performing" (5), Xingguo County was "Xiabu, with silk as the cloth, called spring cloth every day" (6), and longnan county was "rich women weave cotton and bamboo as the cloth, and poor households always take interest. The richness of summer cloth in counties of southern Jiangxi shows the universality of ramie planting. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with the migration of Fujian and Guangdong, sugarcane was also rapidly popularized in southern Jiangxi. By the early Qing Dynasty, sugarcane cultivation in southern Jiangxi was very developed, especially in Nankang, Du Yu and Xinfeng counties. During the Kangxi period, the sugarcane produced in Nankang "can fry tens of thousands of stones every year". Yudu County "There are several places near the river, all of which are from Fujian, and all of them are from the northwest. Everyone in Jiangnan can't get more than 10,000 gold every year. "(8) The scale of production is obvious.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the cultivation of various cash crops extended to southern Jiangxi with the immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong. Phenomenon, academic circles have paid attention to this history, focusing on its positive role and negative impact on regional economy, but it is generally ignored. Based on this, this paper intends to discuss the relationship between ecological environment and planting in southern Jiangxi and the promotion of cash crops in order to attract more attention. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, cash crops were introduced and planted in southern Jiangxi, and during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Hakka people from Fujian and Guangdong set off an immigration tide in Jiangxi. With the arrival of immigrants, cash crops previously planted in Guangdong and Fujian have also entered Gannan. There are tobacco, sugar cane, peanuts, indigo, thatch and so on. The main ones are. In just one day, we managed to quickly promote the planting of various cash crops in Gannan. For example, tobacco, according to the author's textual research, was summoned to enter in the years of Mingfen Apocalypse and Chongji, and by the time of Kangxi and Qianlong in the early Qing Dynasty, Nan 'an Prefecture was already a (1) semi-planted tobacco field. In Ningdu County, the county "no field is not born" (2); The special area for tobacco planting in Ganzhou City is "Nantimuning Paste". The commonness of tobacco cultivation, in Ruijin, tobacco has become a symbol of wealth. "Twenty-five households in each village gather a woman, and some engage in money making with cigarettes." (3) Indigo is an indispensable dye for traditional textiles. With the increase of cotton textiles and the rapid expansion of the demand for dyes, the blue indigo is also launched. Indigo cultivation in southern Jiangxi was introduced after refugees from western Fujian brought it into Jiangxi. Until the late Qing Dynasty in Ganzhou City, the indigo production in the central region had reached a considerable scale. "Indigo was made by the ethnic groups in the south of the city, and it was a product that drifted in the northwest for a long time, and the people in the state government ate it and benefited" (4), which became a batch of export products. China grass is rich in cotton due to the natural conditions in southern Jiangxi. As a ramie garment, it is linen, or summer cloth. To the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Ningdu County "all county customs seize hemp" (2), Shicheng County "no sericulture, no work" (5), Mianxian County "Xiabuke, the work of ramie silk weaving, summer cloth, commonly known as soil shop" (6) is spring, Longnan County "women weave cotton and linen as cotton cloth, poor farmers take advantage of it and use it for themselves. The prefectures and counties in southern Jiangxi are rich in summer cloth, which shows that grass is planted in China. The migration of sugarcane in southern Jiangxi was also related to the promotion of the southward migration of Fujian and Guangdong in Ming and Qing Dynasties. For the first time, sugarcane planting in southern Jiangxi was very developed, especially in Nankang City, Yudu County and Xinfeng County. The sugar cane produced in Nankang City is "fried in sugar every year and depends entirely on the county", which is close to Jiangmou Wandan. In a certain era, when we get along, the endless green and kind people are all from Fujian, and the people who multiply and pretend are all from the northwest. The huge Jiangnan Dajia business, counting its business, can cover more than Wanjin every year. " (8) The scale of production can be inferred.