First, pay attention to "one-sidedness"
All papers published on authoritative platforms must be translated into English. There are great differences between Chinese and English in grammar and language habits. Among them, Chinese mostly adopts ellipsis sentences, with concise language and flexible sentence grammar; English often uses long sentences and pays attention to the grammatical integrity of sentence patterns. In the process of translation, we must grasp the spiritual essence, and we must change it without changing it. As for how to respond, this is where the translator's skill is reflected.
For example, they are all "problems".
* * * Issues of common concern
solve problems
The core of the problem.
the key to the question
A matter of principle/principle
outstanding problem
Second, pay attention to literal translation.
In thesis translation, it is impossible for Chinese and English to achieve complete correspondence between words in the long-term independent development process, and it is inevitable to encounter asymmetry between words in the translation process. Therefore, in the process of translation, appropriate free translation should be carried out according to the context, so as to avoid creating meaning by looking at the text and producing ironic translation.
Third, pay attention to "acclimatization" and improper habits?
There are great differences in grammatical collocation between Chinese and English, so we can't just follow the collocation of one language in the translation process. This is indeed a problem with a relatively large difficulty coefficient. It requires translators to have high Chinese literacy and English attainments in the translation of papers, and people with a little knowledge will often "roll over" here.
Fourth, pay attention to "foolish loyalty" and do not know whether to increase or decrease.
In the process of paper translation, we must add or delete papers according to the characteristics between the two languages. For example, Chinese is often omitted, so supplementary explanations are needed in the process of translation into English. When English is translated into Chinese, if it is faithfully translated, the articles will be too jumbled and need to be deleted appropriately.
Five, pay attention to the repetition of the statement
This is also due to the grammatical characteristics of the two languages in the translation of papers, and Chinese is often used repeatedly to strengthen the mood; Try to avoid repetition in English.
The gentleman said, "The wolf is my enemy, and the wolf is my enemy!" The wolf said, "I don't really want to betray you." Born like you, you really need our food. "
"You are an ungrateful animal," the man complained.
"Not at all," retorted the wolf. "It's not that I'm ungrateful, but that you humans were created for us to swallow." ?
(Yan Huiqing translated "Ma Zhongshan Wolf Biography")
Sixth, pay attention to vague themes.
The theme of thesis translation is the soul of sentences, and determining the theme of translation is a key step. If the subject is deviated, the whole sentence will appear loose and weak, and even mislead the reader.
If this problem is not solved, it will inevitably affect the interests of both countries.
If this problem cannot be solved, it will certainly seriously damage the relations between the two countries. If this problem is not solved, it will certainly affect the interests between the two countries.
Of the above two versions, it is obvious that the theme of the first version is well chosen and the sentences are fluent.
* * * The same interests link our two great countries.
What binds our two great countries together is common interests.
The subject part of this sentence is handled quite skillfully.
Seven, pay attention to the monotonous structure and stiff combination.
Due to the different structures and expressions between Chinese and English, "hard translation" is not only awkward to read, but also makes jokes. This requires the translator to flexibly use integration skills in translation, integrate sentences, highlight hidden levels in Chinese and supplement missing elements. Sometimes simple sentences are translated into complex sentences, and sometimes complex sentences are translated into main sentences.
Eight, pay attention to start a new stove, lose energy, and become the "unfaithful beauty" criticized by French writer Menage.
That is, the language is beautiful but not loyal to the original. (See Jinan Daily, August 26, 2005: Irene's article "The Beauty of Infidelity and the Beauty of Faithfulness-Written after the publication of Silence Every Day") Yan Fu sometimes "elegant" rather than "faithful" when translating evolution (see Chen Tingyou's English translation skills). The translation of the thesis should strive to be "faithful" and conform to the momentum, tone and structure of the original Chinese sentence as much as possible.
This is the "Eight Notices" in the process of thesis translation. These eight laws of attention can be used not only in paper translation, but also in literary translation. But in the final analysis, there is only one standard for translation: to ensure the rigor and standardization of translation, so that the translated words can keep the original meaning.