Thesis title, senior mechanical engineer, analyzes the present situation of mechanical engineering and discusses the coping strategies.
The development goal of mechanical engineering in China is to make the mechanical engineering industry in China go global and occupy a certain important position in this field. We constantly innovate in technology, research and develop new products, build complete sets of equipment, find problems from the current situation, solve problems and find problems. So as to become a powerful country in mechanical engineering manufacturing, correctly understand the present situation, accurately predict the grim situation in the future, and actively make solutions. In the constant exploration and practice, we keep innovating. If we can correctly understand, predict and face these challenges, adopt strategies and tactics in time, and vigorously strengthen the original innovation and independent innovation of manufacturing technology and its products, China will become a manufacturing power, China's high-end brand products will keep pace with the United States, Japan and Europe, and China's manufacturing industry will stand tall in the world.
1 Definition and scope of mechanical engineering discipline
Mechanical engineering is a science that studies the theory, method and technology of performance, design and manufacture of mechanical systems and products, including mechanics and manufacturing science.
Manufacturing science is the science of studying manufacturing process and its system. It covers the science of product design, molding and manufacturing (casting, plastic molding, connection molding, mold manufacturing, surface engineering, etc.). ), processing and manufacturing (ultra-precision machining, high-efficiency machining, unconventional machining, complex curved surface machining, measurement and instrument, equipment design and manufacturing, surface functional structure manufacturing, micro-nano manufacturing, bionic and biological manufacturing) and manufacturing system operation management [3].
2 Summary of the research progress of mechanical engineering in China
Mechanical engineering research is an inexhaustible source of advanced manufacturing technology. The main driving force for the independent development of China's manufacturing industry is advanced manufacturing technology, and almost all advanced aerospace and national defense equipment are based on independent innovation technology. In aviation, vehicles, home appliances, microelectronics, light industry, petrochemical, construction machinery and other manufacturing industries, there are more and more independent innovative technologies and independent brands. With the support of the National Natural Science Foundation, in recent years, mechanical engineering research has made a series of outstanding progress and original achievements, which have provided a large number of new theories, technologies and methods for China's mechanical engineering and economic construction, and have had an important impact at home and abroad, and some fields have occupied a place in international academic circles.
2. 1 mechanical dynamics field
Nonlinear dynamics, fault prediction and intelligent maintenance of complex electromechanical systems are the frontier research fields of mechanical dynamics. In the bifurcation research of high-dimensional nonlinear system, Chen Yushu and others put forward the constrained bifurcation theory, the erosion theory of time-varying production system security region and the quantitative analysis method of nonlinear rotor system stability, and put forward a series of methods and techniques for nonlinear fault diagnosis of rotor system, which solved the vibration problem of more than a dozen generator sets in China.
2.2 mechanical transmission discipline field
High speed, high efficiency, low energy consumption, low pollution, high intelligence and miniaturization are the frontiers of mechanical transmission and control research in recent years. Ultrasonic motor is a new micro-motor based on piezoelectric effect and ultrasonic vibration. It breaks through the principle of traditional electromagnetic effect motor and has the advantages of large torque-to-weight ratio, simple structure, fast response speed and low noise. Its research involves vibration, tribology, material science, electronics, control and ultra-precision machining.
2.3 Advanced electronic manufacturing field
2 1 At the beginning of the century, Zhong Zui and others proposed from a strategic perspective? Extreme manufacturing? Concepts and priority areas. At the beginning of this century, China's mechanical engineering scientists, facing the country's important strategic needs, extended their research tentacles to a strange cross-field for the first time. The project team led by Ding Han and Luo Jianbin focused on the key scientific problems in the manufacture of hard disk drives and VLSI, carried out systematic research on basic theory and application technology, and put forward a single abrasive grinding method with controllable scratch depth and length at nanometer level. The critical depth model of grinding wheel for self-rotating grinding of silicon wafer and the process specification for realizing ductile grinding are established. The technological law of ultra-precision polishing of computer disks and magnetic heads is revealed, and the preparation principle of special polishing solution is put forward. The characteristics of broadband multi-modal compound motion of high acceleration motion system are revealed, and the design theory and control method of high acceleration, high precision and high reliability precision drive platform are put forward. The rapid diffusion mechanism of atoms at the ultrasonic bonding interface is expounded, and the bonding interface is found. Sticky? Motion characteristics, the variable parameter loading process is proposed.
2.4 Digital manufacturing field
Digital manufacturing is the product of the intersection of manufacturing discipline and information discipline, and it is the most important embodiment of manufacturing technology modernization. Now digital manufacturing has become synonymous with information manufacturing and has been widely used in mechanical systems and manufacturing processes.
2.5 mechanical measurement professional field
Large-scale and micro-nano-scale measurement, measurement under extreme environmental conditions, nano-measurement, wireless network measurement and intelligent digital measurement are the main development directions in the field of measurement in recent years.
Instrument calibration and value transfer are the most important basis to ensure accuracy. Ye Shenghua and others invented the field calibration method and device for large-scale space measurement. A brand-new field calibration method and device is established by using the special geometric structure of various targets, their respective reference dimensions and the value transfer relationship at different positions in the measurement space as constraints, which can be used for field calibration of high-resolution micrometer in a large range of space. Small beam splitting is proposed.
The angular Wollaston prism and right-angle prism are used as the adaptive system of the optical path of the mirror, and the measurement results are stable. On this basis, a flexible visual field error measurement technology based on robot is proposed, which has been used for high-precision manufacturing error measurement of aircraft and automobile white bodies.
2.6 Processing and manufacturing disciplines
In recent years, the development trend of manufacturing discipline is mainly high efficiency, high precision, low cost, less pollution and flexible digital intelligent automation. Guo Dongming, Jia Zhenyuan, Kang et al. The precision manufacturing technology and equipment of complex curved radome made of hard and brittle materials are put forward. According to the special requirements of radome's electrical performance, a theoretical model of the relationship between radome's comprehensive electrical performance error and geometric parameter compensation is established. The precision grinding technology, special numerical control system and digital grinding equipment integrating one-time installation, automatic centering, vacuum clamping, precision measurement, data processing, point-by-point control and machining are put forward, which realizes the point-by-point controllable digital micron precision grinding of any point, ring and belt area as required and solves a major scientific and technological problem in national defense engineering.
3 the general trend of the development of mechanical engineering science
In terms of mechanical engineering science, although remarkable innovation and progress have been made, we must clearly realize that China's mechanical engineering science is still in a backward state as a whole.
Mainly reflected in: China's mechanical engineering theory, methods and technology have not made significant contributions to the independent innovation and development of China's manufacturing industry; There are few new concepts and theories put forward by China scholars in the field of machinery; There are few mechanical engineering theories, methods and technologies with important international influence; There are few China scholars who have great influence in the field of international machinery. On the whole, China's mechanical engineering academic field lags behind China's manufacturing industry in the international manufacturing field. The future development of mechanical engineering discipline is mainly restricted and promoted by two aspects, one is the innovation and development of manufacturing industry, and the other is the evolution and progress of the discipline.
4 the development prospect of mechanics
Mechanism is one of the most representative subjects in mechanical engineering. On the one hand, the study of mechanism should focus on the basic theory of mechanism, so as to keep China in the leading position in the international academic field of institutions; On the other hand, we should pay attention to the intersection with manufacturing and control disciplines, and at the same time make breakthroughs in design theory and key technologies in order to develop new institutions and new equipment with excellent performance. There are many problems in aerospace, robot, textile, engineering, micro-nano, bionic and other projects, so mechanism is of great use.
5 concluding remarks
It is a complicated process from the analysis of the present situation to the prospect of the future, and it will take some time to achieve the development goal. Although China has made some achievements in the field of mechanical engineering, there is still a long way to go to realize internationalization. We must persist in independent innovation and make scientific and reasonable development strategic plans unremittingly. On the basis of continuing to maintain the existing technology, sum up experience to make reasonable judgments, develop new technical projects, and realize a perfect mechanical engineering manufacturing system.
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