The World Toilet Organization once made a statistic that everyone goes to the toilet 6-8 times a day, about 2500 times a year, and people spend about three years in the toilet in their lives. However, according to the reports of relevant organizations, at present, there are 2.6 billion people in the world who do not use toilets.
People living on the earth, eating and drinking Lazarus, is the whole content and process of material life. However, we often only pay attention to eating and drinking without asking Lazarus, as if it were just a trivial matter. Especially in cities, many people want to be "convenient" at critical moments, but it is difficult to do so. Especially for the elderly, "don't panic when you find the toilet." Someone peed his pants because he couldn't find the toilet because of "internal urgency" Not long ago, a "brother" in a city ran a red light because he was anxious to find a toilet everywhere, and received a ticket from 500 yuan. He complained to reporters: "In order to avoid going to the toilet, I don't dare to drink more water every time before I get out of the car. Sometimes it really tastes bad, so I have to drive to the overpass or bridge opening for convenience. After a long time, I suffered from' toilet phobia'. "
Open the history and find that there is a long history of toilet development in the world. As early as 2500 BC, during the Harappa civilization in India, people had built toilets and had a complete drainage system. In 2000, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans also used toilets with reservoirs and drainage holes. In the middle ages and modern times, people went back to the streets to go to the toilet. It was not until 200 years ago that sewers, drainage systems and tap water entered the home. 1597, English poet John? Harrington has achieved great changes in toilet technology. He invented the "WC" for flushing toilets, including a reservoir, a water storage tank and a handle for starting the flushing system. Later, the invention of "AIAX" was installed in Elizabeth I's palace. Two centuries later, ordinary people began to enjoy the fruits of this invention. 1775 Harrington's invention was invented by Alexander? Cummings improvement. 1778, Samuel? Prosser installed a ball valve to flush the toilet. With the development of times and culture, the toilet has become an exquisite sanitary tool. Nowadays, the toilet has become an article with ingenious design, high technology content and artistic modeling, with the appearance of "glass toilet" and "space toilet", which shows the development track of "toilet culture".
At present, in some countries, "toilet culture" has developed remarkably. At the first "toilet meeting" held on 20 1 1, relevant organizations decided to designate1October1day as "World Toilet Day" every year. In the cities and villages of Japan, there is no smell in any toilet. On the train, the toilet smells fragrant and full of poetry. Because Japanese toilets are mostly built under the shade of dense trees and green moss, people "conveniently" squat in such an environment and immerse themselves in endless meditation. This situation is simply a kind of spiritual enjoyment and psychological pleasure. Japan leads the world in toilet technology. The toilet at home can not only clean the body, but also introduce a "smart" toilet, which can measure blood pressure, urine analysis and blood lipid.
In the Indian capital New Delhi, there is a Surabagh toilet museum, which is the first toilet museum in the world. The museum displays brick toilets in ancient India with a history of more than 4,000 years, medieval urinals, magnificent urinals, and high-tech toilets used on submarines and spacecraft. There are all kinds of exhibits from ancient times to the present, which is simply a history of toilet development. By 1970, the museum was opened by international service agencies, with the purpose of promoting modern health concepts to the public and further promoting the faster development of "toilet culture".
A new type of toilet was installed in the center of London, England. Every night, the toilet slowly emerged from the ground, and the next day, it was put back underground by remote control. This kind of toilet is convenient to use, clean and hygienic, and is being popularized in Britain.
Vienna is the music city of Austria, and even the toilets in subway stations are full of "music cells". As long as you throw a coin into the playback device on the wall, wonderful music will start immediately, and going to the toilet has become a pleasant thing.
The German government clearly stipulates that there is a toilet every 500 meters in the city center and a public toilet every 1000 meters in general roads. At the same time, unified management and charging are implemented, and the time and place are indicated on the receipt, which can deduct the equivalent cash used in fast food restaurants.
In the United States, around the toilet problem, the "toilet equality act" was passed, which reflected the improvement of women's humanistic relations. New york City Council stipulated in the "Toilet Equality Act" that the number of toilets in women's toilets must be at least twice that of men's toilets in public buildings newly built or rebuilt in new york, because now more and more women are engaged in office work, and the average time they need to use toilets is more than twice that of men.
Like other countries in the world, China has a long history of "toilet culture". It has always been emphasized that "toilet geomantic omen" requires the orientation and setting of toilets, and the facilities of toilets are also particular. As early as the last century, Kang Youwei described the toilet of Datong Society in his book Datong: "Pumping water by machine, the water is dirty, the toilet water is sprayed, and the flowers are overflowing." 1987, China promulgated the "Standard for Planning and Design of Urban Public Toilets", which stipulated that the spacing between public toilets in main busy streets was 300-500m, and that between public toilets in general streets was 750-1000m. However, due to the imperfect implementation of the regulations, the problem of going to the toilet is still outstanding. Practically speaking, China already has super international metropolises like Shanghai and Beijing, but it is still difficult to have toilets without peculiar smell. In many big cities, although there is a new generation of intelligent toilets without flushing, most toilets are still in a state of "winding paths leading to secluded places", which makes it difficult for passers-by to ask. As a result, a new business appeared on the streets of Wenzhou-"toilet guide" and "find a toilet and come with me!" There are "guides" for traveling, "navigators" for sailing, and now there are "toilet guides" for going to the toilet. Recently, it was discovered that men and women in Changzhou shared toilets, which made it convenient for men and women to share a "dragon and phoenix toilet". "Dragon and Phoenix Toilet" is just a big room separated into several "small rooms". When it's convenient, each other's voices can be clearly distinguished. At the same time, it is found that in order to reflect the humanistic relationship of "equality between men and women", the first female standing urinal in Ann was put into use recently. Is this a new development of "toilet culture"?
People gradually realize that the symbols and contents of a civilized society, including public morality, scientific and technological level, living customs and aesthetic taste, are exposed in the toilet. Therefore, there are super-intelligent toilets in Japan that need to take off their shoes, "safe toilets" in the United States, atomic toilets in Germany and "golden toilets" in Hong Kong. "Toilet culture" has gradually attracted the attention of the country and people in China. CCTV once reported the construction and implementation of the outstanding works of Beijing Urban Public Toilet Construction Cultural Exhibition and Beijing Public Toilet Design Competition with the title of "Beijing Solves the Number One Problem", which was called the first "public toilet revolution" in China. At the same time, at the World Toilet Summit held in Beijing, China experts and experts from 15 countries put forward a series of opinions and suggestions on toilet problems. In the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, there were 530 toilets on the streets of Beijing. In response to the public's complaints about the difficulty of going to the toilet, the planning and survey department of Chongqing recently drew the first "toilet guide map" in the main city and distributed it to some citizens and taxi drivers free of charge. It is understood that the "Toilet Guide Map" in the main urban area of Chongqing marks the location of each toilet in each district with "blue and red marks", and * * * has the location information of 428 public toilets and the surrounding traffic information.
The Toilet Guide Map is not only a simple map, but also contains culture. On the back are toilet related knowledge, toilet development history, toilet symbols and pictographic interesting signs used all over the world. After the map is compiled and published, it will be given to the public free of charge, and at the same time, it will be given to more than 8,000 taxis in the main city.
In 20 10 1 1 population census, one item in the survey form includes whether there are independent toilets and flush toilets to grasp the modern living standards of citizens.
Although the toilet is not elegant, it is a symbol of social civilization. Many scholars have written many couplets about toilets, which are interesting and funny to read, such as:
Smooth up and down; About Ji Ya. Horizontal batch: metabolism.
Sit still and look for poetry; Relax and listen to the clear spring. Horizontal batch: pure world.
One hundred steps before coming; After I came out, I was light. Horizontal criticism: Pleasing body and mind.
Suitable for singing in a low voice; It is not advisable to bomb indiscriminately. Horizontal batch: pay attention to hygiene. This couplet refers to the toilet with dirty environment. )
Sit down for a while and you will relax; When you are at leisure, you become immortal. This couplet refers to a clean and elegant toilet. )
Pay attention to the actual effect, avoid annoying farting and urinating less; Pay attention to hygiene, happiness goes back to ancient times. Horizontal examination and approval: broaden the source of fertilizer. (This couplet refers to the old dung toilet)
Efficiency is life, and we must assess the situation; Time is money, so we should race against time. Horizontal batch: seize the day.
Leaders are welcome to come to squat often; I like to take civilians back to clean up the bodies. Horizontal batch: clean and hygienic. (This joint refers to rural public toilets. )
A prophet in the world once predicted that "a big problem that human beings need to solve urgently in the future is the toilet problem". The history and present situation of the development of "toilet culture" confirm the correctness and credibility of the prophet's prediction. The times require us to improve the consciousness and consciousness of "toilet culture", keep pace with the development of "toilet culture" in advanced countries in the world, improve the scientificity and urgency of urban facilities construction and layout, and promote and promote the healthy development of national culture with "toilet culture".