Abstract: Since the reform, China's metal mining technology has made great progress, especially in underground mining of metal mines, and the production technology has approached the advanced level in the world. The basic knowledge and mining technology of underground continuous mining in metal mines are systematically introduced. This paper lists the engineering examples of underground continuous mining in Xinjiang metal mines, and analyzes the present situation of underground continuous mining in metal mines for the reference of mining workers.
Key words: underground metal mine; Continuous mining; technology
First, the basic situation of continuous underground mining in metal mines
Mining is a process of extracting ore from underground deposits through three technical processes: precise mining, cutting and mining. There are two mining methods: above-ground mining and underground mining. In recent years, the number of underground mining metal mines in China has gradually increased. Mechanized operation has basically replaced manual operation in all processes of underground mining, and the degree of mining automation has been significantly improved. Underground continuous mining technology is an advanced technology of underground mining in China at present. There are two main ways of underground continuous mining. One is that when the hardness of the ore body is small, the construction of each working procedure is carried out continuously and in parallel during mining. Second, when the hardness of the ore body is high, the mining is divided into several construction sections, and the construction of each process in different construction sections is continuous and parallel, which requires the coordination of each process during mining.
Foreign underground mining equipment series is complete and complete, and the degree of mechanization is also very high. From drilling, charging to transshipment, all mechanized supporting operations have been realized. Each process needs no manual operation and heavy manual labor, and the equipment is trackless, hydraulic and automatic. Underground trackless mining technology is the symbol of international advanced mining technology at present. At present, foreign advanced mining equipment has been completely trackless and hydraulic. In automation, new technologies such as unmanned driving and robot operation have been successfully applied.
Second, the continuous underground mining technology of metal mines
1. In order to improve mining efficiency, ore drawing, ore drawing, transportation and other mining constructions are continuously carried out. When mining, progressive advancing sequence is adopted, and no pillar is left in the construction process. This continuous mining technology can improve mining efficiency, is economical and applicable, is convenient for the control and management of ore blocks and the deployment of mining equipment, and has great potential for future development.
2. When the underground ore is post-treated, the special conveyor is used for continuous ore drawing, transportation and lifting construction. So as to integrate underground ore mining and transportation. This technology can speed up the excavation and has been widely used in recent years.
3. If the hardness of the mined ore and rock is high and the mining is difficult, the continuous construction of technological processes such as tunneling, tunneling, ore dropping, ore drawing and transshipment can be realized by using continuous shearer. At present, experts have made great progress in the research of this mining technology, which makes its application prospect broader.
Iii. Problems existing in underground continuous mining of metal mines and treatment measures
Since 1990s, with the continuous development of science and technology, China has made a major breakthrough in the research of underground continuous mining technology, and many underground continuous mining technologies have been applied in mines. Compared with advanced countries in the world, there is still a certain gap. At present, there are still some problems to be solved urgently in mining. In some mines, mining is divided into two steps: ore and pillar, and pillar is placed behind the mined ore. This mining method has the following disadvantages: the quality of pillar is difficult to guarantee, the cross-sectional shape of pillar is different, the compressive strength is low, and it is easy to be destroyed. The recovery effect of pillars is not ideal, and fewer pillars can be recovered normally, which not only wastes resources, but also reduces mining efficiency and prolongs mining operation time, which has a great impact on the economic benefits of underground mining. And because there are many mining steps, there are also many difficulties in management. In order to solve the above problems, relevant experts have made unremitting efforts to study underground continuous pillar-free mining method. This underground continuous mining construction method is to divide the steps into ore-forming sections without pillars, and the mining units are represented by ore sections. The cutting groove cuts in the middle of the ore section, and the vibrating machine is arranged at the bottom of the structure for ore extraction. The ore is transported by vibrating car, and the ore is continuously unloaded and transported. In the process of ore caving, backfill should be carried out in time, and mining, cutting and filling operations should be carried out in parallel, so that mining work can be continuously constructed. The implementation of underground continuous pillarless mining marks that China's underground metal mining technology has entered a new level. The problem of pillar recovery is well solved, the mining time is accelerated, the waste of national resources is avoided, and the economic benefit of underground mining is improved. Due to the close connection between the reduction of mining steps and the mining process, continuous mining brings convenience to centralized mining management and greatly improves labor efficiency. Reasonable technological arrangement and continuous mining during mining also solve the problem of instability of surrounding rock caused by large ground pressure during mining of deep ore bodies. It has greatly promoted the modernization process of mine mining in China. In addition, the specification of underground continuous mining is not perfect, and the mining standards and requirements in various regions are not uniform. Although we pay attention to the research of new mining technology, we don't pay enough attention to equipment matching and process optimization, and the promotion of new equipment is not perfect. Under the leadership of relevant departments, we must improve the mining norms and standards, strengthen the optimization of continuous technology and the reasonable matching of equipment. Establish a theoretical system suitable for continuous mining. While continuously developing new equipment, we should pay attention to the popularization and application of new equipment. The continuous underground mining in China metal mines has been further modernized.
Fourth, the application of underground continuous mining technology
An iron mine in Xinjiang has an annual output of 200,000 tons. The mining area belongs to hilly area, with dry climate, more rain in summer, average annual rainfall of 1732.6mm, no large rivers in the area, low temperature in winter, and seismic intensity of the mining area of 6 degrees. After investigation, the deep soil in the mining area is rock and the shallow soil is gravel layer. The deposit is gently inclined and the ore body is a vein ore body. The daily output of underground mining is 3000 tons. The underground continuous mining scheme is adopted, and the belt conveyor is used for continuous transportation. The underground mining is carried out from top to bottom. The whole ore block is divided into a mining unit, and the thickness of the ore block is the width of the stope. There are no pillars between stopes, and the three major processes of mining, mining and filling are carried out successively. Mining shall not be carried out in the same layer, but in layers, and mining and cutting of adjacent stopes shall not be carried out at the same time. In order to avoid destroying the stress of surrounding soil, causing stress concentration, affecting the stability of surrounding rock and causing ground collapse, non-cemented filling method is designed to treat goaf, which can eliminate the danger of collapse. This filling method has the advantages of large engineering quantity, low production efficiency and inconvenient mining operation. After expert research, it is decided to adopt continuous curtain grouting technology at any time. The filling technology does not leave pillars in the construction process, and the mining process is closely connected and has good continuity. The compressible metal support has good supporting ability as a support. It ensures the safety of mining and provides convenience for ore drawing, transportation and filling. Goaf can be backfilled in time and quickly. This mining technology adopts the way of pushing the whole vein as a whole when mining. The main mining and cutting projects are: chassis transfer roadway, cutting roadway, ore funnel and cutting patio. Underground continuous mining technology uses waste rock separated from ore and rock to backfill the filling area, and adopts advanced pulp transportation mode. The integrated application of deep-hole continuous mining technology, ore-rock separation technology and pulp conveying technology has achieved high mining efficiency and good economic and social benefits.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Future development of underground continuous mining in metal mines
Although the underground mining technology of metal mines in China has made great progress compared with the past, it still needs continuous development to catch up with and surpass the world advanced level, and the large-scale, digital and continuous underground metal mining will be the main direction of future development. In the development of mining technology, social and economic benefits should be considered, and technologies suitable for continuous mining of underground metal mines should be developed and applied to coordinate mining with the surrounding ecological environment. Relevant departments also need to organize experts to increase the research on the stress of ore and rock, increase the stability of surrounding rock and improve the safety of underground mining. It is also necessary to increase the promotion of filling mining method and adhere to the direction of rapid development and environmental protection.
Conclusion of intransitive verbs
With the development of society, the mining technology in China is also improving. Among them, the underground continuous mining technology of metal mines is close to the world advanced level, which basically realizes the continuity and mechanization of underground continuous mining of metal mines. How to make greater progress in underground continuous mining technology of metal mines in China and study more advanced underground continuous mining technology of metal mines is still the goal of mining technicians in the future.