As a big education province, Jiangsu has always attracted worldwide attention for its unique teaching mode and teaching concept, especially the uniqueness of the college entrance examination proposition, which often leads to discussions in the education sector. However, it is undeniable that the Chinese test questions in Jiangsu college entrance examination, especially the composition proposition, have a profound and positive role in promoting Chinese teaching in this province. Since 2004, it has been 14 years since Jiangsu College Entrance Examination put forward the independent proposition, and the composition test questions of the college entrance examination have also formed a steady style of seeking change in stability, opening up and innovation [1]. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the characteristics of college entrance examination composition in recent years, grasp the proposition orientation from the context of proposition development, and then actively guide students to write, so that college entrance examination composition can play its "baton" positive role [2], and strive to build a benign relationship between it and composition teaching in senior high schools.
1. In recent years, the development of Jiangsu college entrance examination composition proposition
In recent six years, Jiangsu college entrance examination compositions have all taken the propositional form of new material compositions. Some teachers classify the so-called new material composition into three new types: "new conception angle, new material handling and new style requirement" [3], that is, given a piece of material and keywords, writing from multiple conception angles is not limited to style. This new material composition seems to have a "new" word, and its form is still inseparable from the background of "material composition", because once it is separated from the material, it will return to the form of "proposition composition" and "topic composition". But its content can not be separated from the background of topic composition. From 13, almost every composition question has obvious keywords and core concepts. The questioner himself does not want the candidate to "race horses" endlessly. They always want to find an inner ring to restrain the new material composition. The materials given seem to be open, but in fact they are still closed. Let's briefly describe the specific forms and contents of 13 to 18. In 20 13, Jiangsu college entrance examination composition opened a new era of new material composition in this province with the story of Butterfly and Explorer, and in the following five years, this proposition form was adopted without exception. There is no doubt that the proposition of that year caused a lot of controversy, whether it was the proposer's own changes to the materials or the common sense mistakes in the original work, it caused a lot of discussion. But putting aside these problems and returning to the proposition itself, we should be able to find the directionality of the proposition form and the content contained in it. First, divergent consciousness, this material is story material, and there are many elements in the story. Obviously, the proposer has set up multiple angles, rather than the old materials with only one intention. Second, the overall awareness, although there are many perspectives on the composition of new materials, there must be differences in ideas, so the ideas must stand in the overall perspective. Third, the awareness of context, the new material composition is not necessarily random, we must think in the context of the material, and it is by no means unlimited by randomly selecting keywords in the text. 13 composition is only the beginning of new material composition, and the composition proposition in the following years is more mature and sophisticated. The following is a comprehensive comparison of 14 to 18. They all belong to the material of famous sayings, with obvious key words and core concepts: youth, decay, immortality, wisdom, speaking, innovation, individuality, car and language. This proposition has the characteristics of our province's topic composition, which seems to be a piece of material, and the content is the core. Thinking needs to spread and expand, but it must spread and expand around the core concept of the head word, which requires students to have a higher level of contextual awareness. Another common feature of * * * is that the examination questions are dialectical, and there are traces of dialectical thinking everywhere in the materials of famous sayings. It is hoped that candidates should have dialectical logical thinking when deducing core concepts and dialectical divergence when defining them, rather than talking to themselves without organization and logic. This is the inherent requirement of college entrance examination composition. Of course, the three also have their own tendencies. "Youth is immortal" has a strong dialectical meaning and a strong life color. They are more inclined to think from the perspective of personal feelings, ambitions and attitudes towards life. They are very close to high school students and are very kind. "Wisdom" pays more attention to definition and divergence. Defining this core concept is a homework that must be done, and the specific development around this core concept is taboo. 16, although the key words are given, but due to the multiple concepts of the topic itself, it needs to be elaborated in a targeted manner, and it is impossible to discuss the key words without reference to the materials. 17 has a proposition about cars, and its topic color is obvious. Different from the dialectical style of previous years, the topic of this book has turned back to the form of quotation and topic. Although the author didn't give a clear topic, the key topic implied in it is "car". Without this "car", nothing can be explained. True feelings, ideas and philosophies are all on this "car". This proposition has dealt a great blow to rapid composition such as interplanting and pattern composition. From the aesthetic point of view, learning from "empathy" is also close to China's ancient writing style of expressing one's will and feelings through things, and testing students' thinking of seeing the dry weather from a grain of sand, which is particularly important in future compositions. The question about "language" in 18 is more similar to "wisdom" in 15. The concept is very broad, it needs to be defined, it needs to find a small entrance to diverge, and the test questions are more humanistic.
Second, in recent years, Jiangsu college entrance examination composition characteristics
The above briefly combs the development of Jiangsu college entrance examination composition questions in recent years. In combing, the author finds some characteristics of * *, and tries to explore some universal laws, which may become a powerful theoretical support to guide middle school students' composition writing. 1. New material composition form and topic composition background In recent years, Jiangsu's compositions have adopted the propositional form of new material composition, but it does not mean that the topic composition has lost its guiding significance. On the contrary, topic composition has a great influence on new material composition. Writing out of context and background is in danger of deviating from the theme, so we should pay attention to topic awareness. Some teachers even put forward the concept of "topic composition with new materials" [4], and defined this composition form between new materials and topic composition. No matter how it is defined, topic awareness will continue in the future college entrance examination composition questions. 2. The diversity of ideas and the establishment of the core concepts of context are the remarkable features of the new material composition, but diversity does not mean that it is all-inclusive or even confusing. Looking at the college entrance examination questions in recent years, most of them have the appearance of core concepts, which are actually guiding students' writing ideas. They should be divergent, but they must never be free to play without the context in the materials. There are many aspects in composition, but you must not take it out of context. Even from a certain aspect of the material, we should also consider the specific content of the whole context. Speaking of "youth", we should return to the discussion of "corruption and immortality". When talking about "experience", "ability" and "realm", we should also build on the core concept of "wisdom" and talk about "culture and civilization". The diversity of ideas should be based on the accurate grasp of the core concepts of context, which is consistent with the topic consciousness contained in the composition of new materials. 3. Divergent thinking and dialectical thinking In recent years, the college entrance examination composition questions are grounded, and they are all common words in life, such as youth, wisdom, personality, innovation, cars and language. The common core concept is that the composition of this province has a good impression on candidates, so that candidates have something to write, reason and affection, and further crack down on imitation. Of course, this also requires candidates to understand life, conduct extensive and in-depth reading, and start from a small place to explain the great wisdom of life. This is the thinking of seeing the big from the small, and it is also a powerful guide for middle school teaching to the composition of college entrance examination. Although the materials in recent years tend to be life-oriented, it does not mean that the questions are simple and dull. On the contrary, it tests students' divergent thinking and dialectical thinking. When writing, it is necessary to grasp the internal logic of the material as a whole, elaborate the core concepts in depth, and further develop association and divergence, which is by no means simple labeling. This puts forward higher requirements for candidates' thinking level, which is also lacking in middle school exam-oriented training.
Third, the new environment in high school argumentative writing guidance strategy
In the above, the author briefly analyzes the development of Jiangsu college entrance examination composition in recent years, as well as some characteristics of Jiangsu college entrance examination composition, which will serve as the theoretical support for high school writing guidance. Judging from the marking results of the college entrance examination, nearly 70% of the candidates in Jiangsu college entrance examination wrote argumentative essays, and most of the excellent compositions were argumentative essays [5]. Students also tend to choose the style of argumentative writing in composition training, so it is particularly important to guide argumentative writing. Coping strategies of composition are a comprehensive process, and every link is indispensable, from extracurricular students' self-reading, material arrangement to teachers' comments and training in class. The following focuses on the guidance and teaching of teachers. 1. Stimulate students' interest in writing. Professor Qian Liqun of Peking University clearly pointed out: "Willing to write and writing with content are the premise and foundation of writing a good article. To do a good job in composition teaching, we must trace back to the source, solve these two problems first, and solve the problem of how to write in the process of solving these two problems. " [6] Writing instruction has always been a long-standing problem in Chinese classes in senior high schools. Only by really stimulating students' interest can we write really good articles, make students fall in love with writing, and finally write excellent articles in the examination room. 2. Promoting the construction of core consciousness The college entrance examination composition has a core concept, and the composition material can also have a core material consciousness when preparing for the exam. Of course, this is not teaching students to plagiarize. This core material consciousness is to interpret a material from multiple angles, thus changing the writing consciousness. Teachers should learn to guide students to construct their own core material composition. If the composition depends on a core concept, then the core material also needs multiple connotations. For example, inspire students to find rich connotations from elegant themes such as painting, music, Beijing Opera and Kunqu Opera. Teachers should let students accumulate reading, properly guide students to construct, gradually cultivate students' awareness of self-summary and induction with inquiry materials, and actually apply them to the usual fragment writing and exam composition to form a virtuous circle. In addition to the core materials, composition teaching guidance also needs to have the tendency of core topics. In the final analysis, the composition of college entrance examination is a composition of "people", which will certainly involve many topics about "people and themselves", "people and others", "people and society" and "people and nature". We should start from these big topics to find materials, and then start from a small point when using materials and go deep into big topics. 3. Classroom specific writing guidance Writing guidance is a directional teaching process and should be carried out in modules. The first is the guidance of examination. The so-called examination of questions determines life and death, and the outcome is decisive. Once there is a deviation in the examination room, all previous efforts will be wasted. Examination training focuses on the generalization and elaboration of core concepts. Teachers must never use specious concepts to guide students to examine questions, and they must hit the nail on the head when dealing with examination questions. Secondly, structure and language guidance should also be the content of special training, and the diversity of composition structure and language richness are also worth discussing. Teachers must pay attention to the fact that they must not blindly teach students to pursue the beauty of language form, which will eventually lead to students writing compositions that are not like essays and argumentative essays. After all, all structural skills serve the center of the composition, and deviating from the center is also a waste. 4. Strengthening the expansion of extracurricular reading The combination of extracurricular reading and exam composition has always been the focus of high school teaching. Teachers should implement the whole book reading plan and read classics with students, which is an important way to cultivate students' diversified thinking and dialectical thinking, and also an opportunity for teachers to further improve themselves.
Four. Concluding remarks
In short, Jiangsu college entrance examination composition is definitely not a scourge, it has rules to follow, and the author may not be able to make a deeper exploration due to the limited level, but the summary idea of Jiangsu college entrance examination composition is clear. In recent years, college entrance examination compositions are "new material topic compositions" with new materials as the form and topics as the content, focusing on the definition of core concepts, the context of materials, being close to life, and cultivating students' divergent thinking and dialectical thinking. In the future, middle school Chinese composition teaching should pay more attention to the internal direction of the development of college entrance examination composition, so as to make middle school Chinese composition teaching by going up one flight of stairs.
refer to
[1] Liu Zhong. Seeking change in stability, pioneering and innovating —— Review and prospect of Jiangsu college entrance examination composition for eleven years [J]. Knowledge of China, 20 15, (7):94-96.
[2] Feng Jianling. Research on composition teaching in senior three under the background of Jiangsu college entrance examination [D]. Nanjing Normal University, 20 13.
[3] Zhu Zhu. Past life composed of new materials [J]. Chinese knowledge, 20 14, (2):6 1-62.
[4] Dong Jian. Theme composition and topic examination skills of new materials [J]. China Architecture, 20 17, (1): 4 1-43.
[5] Huang Liping. Teaching strategy of new material composition in senior high school [D]. Suzhou University, 20 15.
[6] Qian Liqun. Talking about Chinese education outside the door [M]. Guangxi Normal University Press, 2003.
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