First, the lost territory and sovereignty have increased. After the Second Opium War, Britain further occupied parts of Kowloon Division, while Russia occupied more than 6,543,800 square kilometers of land in China, further losing the territorial integrity of China. As for the stipulation that the foreign minister was stationed in Beijing, it prepared conditions for foreign invaders to directly control the Qing government. ?

Second, the deepening and expansion of foreign aggression. After the Second Opium War, China opened the trading port of 1 1 including Tianjin, which made foreign aggression spread from the southeast coast to the whole coast, from the mainland to the islands, and from the coast to the inland. There are also special regulations for foreigners and foreign ships, which make aggression more fearless. ?

Third, the degree of semi-colonization of China has further deepened.

After the Second Opium War, the Qing government was forced to sign a series of unequal treaties with foreign invaders, which had a far-reaching impact on China.

Borrowing a sentence from the previous history books, it can be understood that this is an objective progress brought about by the British invasion on an unfair basis. Many backward countries began to strengthen themselves after being invaded, such as Japan.

The first opium war:

1. China lost its independent status. The British occupation of Hong Kong Island destroyed China's territorial sovereignty; The Qing government negotiated tariffs with foreign invaders, and China's tariff autonomy would be destroyed; The invaders gained consular jurisdiction, and China's judicial sovereignty was destroyed; American warships can enter and leave China's coastal ports to "inspect trade", and China's territorial waters have been damaged. When a country can't have territorial rights, customs sovereignty, judicial sovereignty and territorial sovereignty completely independently, the subject integrity of the country will be destroyed. This was the first injury to China caused by the Opium War-China lost its independent status and embarked on the road of semi-colonialism.

2. The feudal economy in China gradually disintegrated. What harm did the Opium War bring to China's social economy? Please see how the people in Jingxian County, Anhui Province described the situation in the textbook. Why did the cotton textile industry in some areas along the southeast coast of China have a situation of "no yarn to spin" and "half of the cloth market was cut off" after the Opium War? (Guide students to draw a conclusion from historical data) Low-priced British cotton textiles have entered the southeast coastal areas of China, which has impacted the traditional handmade cotton textile industry in this area. Five trading ports, the number of trading ports increased; The agreed tariffs and extremely low tariffs on British goods facilitated the western capitalist countries to dump goods and plunder raw materials in China, destroyed the domestic handmade cotton textile industry in China and replaced the position of China's handmade cotton textile in the China market. The mode of production combining family agriculture and handicraft industry, which is cultivated by men and woven by women, is the basis of self-sufficient feudal economy. When cheap foreign yarns and foreign fabrics produced by machines began to flood into China, many rural women in the southeast coastal areas had to stop spinning and weaving by hand. People who used to solve their own problems by weaving their own cloth also went to the market to buy foreign cloth. What do these phenomena mean? After the students speak freely, the teacher puts the answers in the second paragraph of the third subtitle of the textbook. Highlight the second harm of the Opium War-China's feudal economy gradually disintegrated and began to become a semi-feudal society. ) The opium problem has not been solved in treaty of nanking. In fact, the defeated Qing government turned a blind eye to opium smuggling. As a result, after the five-port trade, opium smuggling became more rampant, silver continued to flow out and the price of silver continued to rise. The burden on the working people has greatly increased again. Economically, whether the capitalist countries transfer commodities to China through "legitimate" trade or opium smuggling is rampant, the continuous outflow of silver reflects the intensification of economic aggression by capitalist countries against China after the Opium War. The invasion of western capitalist forces and the gradual disintegration of China's feudal economy have neither brought economic prosperity to China nor made China embark on the road of capitalist development; But the feudal society in China began to transform into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and the change of social nature triggered a series of changes. This is the third injury to China caused by the Opium War.

3. Changes in social nature, social contradictions and revolutionary nature. China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society began with the Opium War and gradually changed. The original principal contradiction in China society, that is, the contradiction between feudalism and the people, has not disappeared with the invasion of foreign capitalist forces, but has become more acute; After the Opium War, the contradiction between foreign capitalism and the Chinese nation in China society intensified. Among these two contradictions, the contradiction between foreign capitalism and the Chinese nation is the most important. In the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, the existence of two principal contradictions determines that the people of China must begin to shoulder the dual revolutionary task, on the one hand, against foreign invaders, on the other hand, against their own feudal rulers. The history of China has entered the period of anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolution. The Opium War became a turning point in China's history and the beginning of China's modern history.

From 1842 to 1844, the Sino-British treaty of nanking, the Sino-American Wang Xia Treaty and the Sino-French Huangpu Treaty signed by the Qing government and foreign invaders began to change China's independent national status and self-sufficient feudal economy. After experiencing primitive society, slave society and feudal society, China did not enter the capitalist society normally, but gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. 1840 The Opium War was the beginning of China's modern history. Since then, the people of China have started a democratic revolution against foreign invaders and their own feudal rule.

The Second Opium War:

1, politically, it made China lose more sovereignty and territory, and the degree of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in China was greatly deepened; The rulers of the Qing Dynasty took refuge in foreign invaders and began to become their vassals and tools. Chinese and foreign reactionary forces openly colluded to suppress the resistance of the people of China.

2. Economically, foreign invasion forces spread to the coastal provinces and extended inland, which facilitated them to dump goods and plunder cheap raw materials and labor, and made China suffer an aggressive impact from the capitalist economy. 3. Legalization of opium trade, Chinese workers going abroad and allowing foreigners to go to the mainland to preach have aggravated social contradictions in China.

4. The foreign minister in Beijing strengthened his influence and control over the Qing government.

5. The British and French allied forces occupied Beijing and burned Yuanmingyuan, which greatly stimulated the Manchu dynasty and began to learn lessons and launch the "Westernization Movement".

6. As soon as the Beijing Treaty was signed, ministers such as Britain, France and Russia immediately said that as long as the Qing government "fulfilled the treaty" seriously, it could get "any assistance". 186 1, 1 year, the Qing government established the Office of the Prime Minister. 1862 65438+ 10, the Qing government established the policy of "using teachers to help suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Incident" and invited foreign troops to help suppress it.