Li Bai's poems and songs are outstanding in ancient China in terms of quantity and artistic charm. His poems not only left people with artistic enjoyment, but also left the mark of the history of the times and the pursuit of life. Through his poems, we further understand Li Bai's complicated life and diversified thoughts, Li Bai's optimistic and heroic attitude towards life in ups and downs, and his personality charm of actively pursuing life ideals, which has a positive impact on the spirit and literary creation of later generations and has far-reaching significance in the history of literature.
Keywords: diversity and complexity of Li Bai's thoughts
Li Bai (70 1-762), whose name is Taibai, was born in Ji Cheng, Longxi (now near Tianshui, Gansu). His predecessor moved to Central Asia at the end of Sui Dynasty for crimes. He was born in Broken Leaf in Central Asia (tokmak, the former Soviet Union). At the age of five, he moved with his father to Qinglian Township, Zhangming County, Sichuan Province, and was named "Qinglian layman". Li Bai is a representative writer in the Tang Dynasty and a great romantic poet after Qu Yuan in the history of China literature. Li Bai read widely when he was a teenager. In addition to Confucian classics and ancient literary and historical masterpieces, he also browsed hundreds of books, which was deeply influenced by Confucianism and Taoism, making him "good at fencing". "Hanshu Jingzhou" He believed in Taoism, which was popular at that time, and liked to live in seclusion in the mountains and seek immortality. There are also political ambitions to make contributions. At the same time, because of Li Bai's personality, he likes traveling since he was a child. After the age of twenty, he began to roam around Shu, and visited Emei Mountain, Daitian Mountain and Qingcheng Mountain. The fifth book, Fifteen Immortals and Feeling Xing, is a portrayal of his life in those days. These life experiences in Li Bai's youth not only broadened his horizons, but also cultivated his thoughts of loving the motherland, his spirit of loving freedom and his romantic and uninhibited personality, which also brought him some negative effects.
First, the diversity of Li Bai's thoughts.
Li Bai left more than 900 poems to later generations. These brilliant poems show his rich and bumpy life journey, and reflect the social reality, spiritual life and diversified thoughts in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
(A) the romantic feelings expressed in Li Bai's poems.
Li Bai's poems and songs have the artistic charm of "the pen falls and shakes the wind and rain, and the poem makes the gods cry", which is also the most distinctive artistic feature of his poems. As a romantic poet, Li Bai mobilized all romantic skills and realized the perfect unity of poetry content and form.
1. Taste the romance from the language style of Li Bai's poems.
Li Bai's poems are full of self-expression and subjective lyricism, and the expression of feelings is overwhelming. For example, when he entered Beijing as an official, he said, "Laugh to the sky. Are we Artemisia people? " When I miss Chang 'an, "the wind blows my heart and hangs Xianyang trees in the west." Such poems are very infectious.
Extreme exaggeration, apt metaphor and rich fantasy give people a real job. Reading these poems, such as "But since the water is still flowing, even though it is cut with a sword, it is even more worrying to raise a glass to dispel the sorrow" and "The white hair is three thousands of feet, and the sorrow is as long as long", readers can't help being infected by the poet's long sorrow and endless melancholy. Li Bai's artistic expression is particularly prominent in his poems, such as Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream, Difficult Road to Shu, etc.
In Li Bai's poems, imagination, exaggeration, metaphor and personification are often used comprehensively to produce a fantastic, magnificent and moving artistic conception, which is why Li Bai's romantic poems give people a heroic, unrestrained and elegant charm. His language is clear, lively and meaningful, just as two of his poems say, "clear water gives birth to hibiscus, and it is naturally carved."
2. Taste the romantic feelings of Li Bai from the artistic conception of his poems.
Li Bai has a strong feeling for nature, and he is good at integrating his personality into natural scenery, which makes his landscapes and valleys have idealized colors. Xie Mian once said, "Outstanding poets have created miracles that others cannot perceive or can't perceive uniquely." Li Bai's lyric poems by borrowing scenery are greatly influenced by his complex personality characteristics and Confucianism. When the ideal of saving the world cannot be realized, the inner loss and confusion will come together with the sense of urgency of life. At this time, his loss of self-worth in real life can only be compensated in nature. While indulging in the landscape, I express my pursuit of ideals and light.
Li Bai's "according to my unchanging habit all my life", even "I often visit Xianshan in my dreams". Long-term roaming has given him the opportunity to have extensive contact with the mountains and rivers of the motherland. He hates the dark reality, so he loves the magnificent rivers and mountains more, and entrusts the poet's feelings and ideals in the description of mountains and rivers, which fully shows the strong patriotism. Li Bai is heroic and pursues a pure and noble state of mind. These different personality aspects also form two types of his artistic conception of mountains and rivers: one is to highlight the beauty of strength and movement in the majestic mountains and rivers, and express his lofty sentiments and strong thoughts in the magnificent artistic conception; For example, the Yellow River and the Yangtze River in his works roared and roared: "How does the water of the Yellow River move out of the sky and into the ocean, and never return" ("Into the wine"); "The Yellow River Wan Li touches the mountains, and the vortex hub turns to Qin Mine ... djinn growls and breaks the two mountains, and Hongbo jet shoots the East China Sea ("Xiyue Yuntai Song Send Dan Qiu Zi "); "I climbed up. I look at the world and I can't go to the river. " The wind blows Huang Yun for hundreds of miles, and the snow peaks are white around the nine streams. "(Song of Lushan's suggestion and Lu Xuzhou) Poseidon has been to the evil wind, and the waves hit the stone walls of Tianmen. What happened to Zhejiang in August? Snow in Taosi Mountain (Hengjiang Ci). The peaks in his works are towering and steep: "The highest cliff is only one foot below the sky, and the dry pine trees hang their heads from the surface of the cliff" (Shu Dao Nan); On a straight line leading to heaven, its peak enters heaven, with five holy peaks on top, casting a shadow across China; The ladder mountain range stretches for hundreds of miles, starting from here and extending to the southeast "(Tianmu Mountain rises in my dream). He endowed mountains and rivers with lofty aesthetic feeling with heroism in his chest. His praise for the great power of nature is also a tribute to the far-sighted and unremitting pursuit of life ideals. Extraordinary natural image and proud heroic character are integrated.
The other is to pursue the beauty of clarity and express naive feelings in a beautiful artistic conception. For example, "people travel around the moon and ships travel in the air" ("Send Weiwan, a man from Wuwangshan, back to the palace"); "When a man rides on the sea and the moon, the sail falls into the sky in the lake" ("Looking for Yang to send his brother to visit Sima Zuo in Poyang"); "The moon turns with the green hills, and the green hills follow the flowing water. It seems that I am above the Milky Way, but I feel that the clouds are secluded ("On the Moonlight, I will send a trip outside the Cuiyuan"); "Jinling night is quiet and cool, watching the five mountains in the west wing alone. The white clouds reflect the water and shake the empty city, and the white dew drops the beads and the autumn moon ("The Moon on the West Tower of Jinling City"). These poems are famous for their clarity and purity. Li Bai's landscape poems are not so much a realistic description of natural scenery as an expression of romantic feelings about landscapes.
(2) Li Bai's poems are full of Ren Xia color. Ren Xia is the style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li Bai clearly preached that "the Confucian scholar is not as good as the ranger" (Hunting), and he respected and practiced the ranger's arrogance, revenge, commitment and disregard for life and death. "Ten steps to kill a person, thousands of miles away. After you finish, brush off your clothes, don't show any sound, and hide in the depths. ..... three cups of vomit without promise, five mountains are light. ..... die chivalrous, not ashamed of the world. Who can write your Excellency, Bai Shoutai Xuan Jing! " (Chivalrous) In his life, Li Bai's Ren Xia thought is characterized by "not paying much attention to wealth", "paying more attention to economy and justice", indulging in drinking and whoring, and having fun in time. He once sang heroically: "Gold is fast and easy, but it went bankrupt yesterday and is poor now." "36,000 days in a hundred years, 300 in a day." "concubines, galloping horses, laughing and singing plum blossoms on carved saddles." Li Bai's Ren Xia Thought is characterized by his personality, such as boldness, self-confidence, naivety and the pursuit of equality and democracy. He often pretends to be a fanatic and has the courage to break everything. Often "hit the Yellow Crane Tower" and "fall on Parrot Island" ("Jiangxia gives Wei Nanling Ice"); He "refused to give in to himself and work for others", "made peace with the princes when he went through customs, and looked down on his old nest when he fled" ("Jiangxia sent Qian Gong to Han Dongxu"). Politically, Li Bai's Ren Xia Thought is a combination of Confucianism and strategists' thoughts. Confucianism helps the economy in time, strategists' thoughts are eloquent, hoping to become famous in one fell swoop, and then "don't admire their abilities, shame their virtues" and retire. He has always believed too much in his political ability, claiming that "writing can change customs, learning can study heaven and man" (Song Zhongcheng's recommendation form) "Otherwise, the sword will brush the desert and get extraordinary honor" (for seven judges). To this end, he especially praised Xie An, usually "taking prostitutes to Dongshan Gate" and "laughing at Anli Garden" in times of crisis ("Book Love Cai Sheren Bear"); What is even more admirable is that Lu Zhonglian, who retired after his success, "will not be rewarded in the end" ("Journey to the East in May"), claimed that "I am also a drifter, and I can brush my clothes in the same tune"
(3) Li Bai's poems express the pursuit of life value and will, and respect for self-humanity and human rights. His self-proclaimed "fallen immortals" (where) and "octupole table that can drift with the spirit" (in Sima Zihui's language) are not so much praise for his sage-like demeanor as for his pursuit of a free spiritual world. Li Bai yearns for the immortal world of Taoism rather than for it, which is more in line with his character of loving freedom and yearning for nature. The essence of this pursuit lies not in the color of religion, but in the fact that he gave Li Bai wings of imagination and added elegant and magical romance to his poems. Rather than saying that his ideals of "being willing to help" and "talking and laughing as a king" are unrealistic and exaggerated, it is better to say that he is as confident as a poet. It is precisely because of such a high degree of political enthusiasm that he can write many magnificent chapters in Generation, "Poetry makes the gods cry" (Du Fu's language). Li Bai despised the powerful, despised the feudal order, and was filthy and rich. "When you go out, you must be friends with the princes, and when you escape, you must overlook the nest" (sending the Swallow Garden to play the story of Yinxian City Mountain). "If fame and fortune are long, Hanshui should also flow to the northwest" ("Songs on the River"). Behind this arrogant attitude is his pursuit of personal dignity and freedom, and his respect and maintenance of human rights. It is with this idea that he can shout out "How can I bow and scrape to those dignitaries who will never be shown with sincerity" ("Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream") and "Since the world can't meet our desire, I will let go of my hair and take a fishing boat tomorrow" ("Song of Going upstairs"). The works expressing myself in the poem reflect his praise and publicity of individual life and personality value.
(4) Li Bai's poems show the idealism of pursuing freedom and a complete life. His design of the road to life is divided into two steps: the first step is to build great achievements, such as a cloud: "If there is no help instead of heart, what good is it for a person to be a good person?" ("To Secretary Wei Zichun") "The two dragons strive for each other, and heaven and earth move. The wine dances with the sword, and the Chinese fight in a hurry. " After his success, he did not covet wealth and fame, but took "Five Lakes" and "Cangzhou" as his home and yearned for a free life. During his early years as an official, he did not deny this: "When he was successful, he brushed his clothes and swayed beside Cangzhou." Don't give up this point when you are most proud of your career: "Thank you for your success and throw another fish." Until his later years, he was still determined to win: "finally settle down with the country and go to all corners of the country." This ideal of life embodies the poet's sense of "shame" and love of freedom: "I can make contributions to Liaocheng with one arrow. In the end, I didn't get a reward, and I didn't have the face to be with people at that time. " (In May, I went to the East to answer Wen Shangweng) These poems are all self-expression of the poet's heart. Because of his strong sense of freedom, his anger and resistance are particularly strong when he meets the obstacles of ugly forces in real life.
(5) Li Bai's poems and songs are full of passionate love for life. His poems are often full of childlike interest in the wild, such as: "Two people love each other, one cup after another." Drunk enough to sleep, I plan to hold the Ming dynasty piano. "("lovers in the mountains ")" Long sleeves, light desire, drunken dancing in Hanzhong. Put a robe on me. I'm drunk and sleep on my stomach. "Life is like strong liquor, which intoxicates the poet. Of course, this does not mean that there is no sorrow and pain in life, but the poet's optimism is enough for him to transcend and overcome his sense of hardship. The so-called "sentimental life? "And drink and climb the stairs" (the song of Liangyuan), "Drunk Jia Qianchi, don't look at the monument to tears" (the fourth song of Xiangyang), which is a portrayal of his broad-minded mentality.
(6) Li Bai's poems express that he is never satisfied with loneliness and dares to pursue a better life. For example, I Drink the Bright Moon Alone: From from a pot of wine among the flowers, I drink alone. No one is with me. Raise my cup, I invite the bright moon, which brings me its shadow and makes us three people. The moon doesn't know how to drink, but the shadow in front of it is behind. I have to mingle with them and enjoy the happiness of spring. The song I sing is bright and wandering, and I dance the shadow before wandering. Wake up and be happy together, and disperse after drunkenness. I am willing to stay with them forever and forget the harm of friendship, just like the Milky Way. Only a energetic poet can come up with such a fantastic idea. He has a "short song line", and the idea is: "If you want to win the Six Dragons, go back to the car and hang the Fusang. With the help of the Big Dipper, every dragon advised them to drink a glass of wine, so they all fell asleep and couldn't stay awake. Wealth is not what you want, you are in your twilight years. " There is no old man's sigh here, but the naive imagination of "persuading wine" is used to express infinite attachment to life. These poems, with their pure taste, appeal to the beautiful humanity submerged by vulgar life, thus gaining permanent charm.
(7) Li Bai's poems express deep feelings. In the contradiction and hesitation of life, Li Bai pinned his chivalrous demeanor on his deep affection for relatives and friends. Among the poets in the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai was the most affectionate friend. Sailing alone, the sky is blue in Wan Li. Only the Yangtze River flows in the sky. The Yellow Crane Tower bid farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou, but the water has brought you a little taste of home. Rowing your boat for three hundred miles to bid farewell to friends at Jingmen Ferry, I am worried about the bright moon. I will follow you to Yelang West. I heard that Wang Changling moved to Longbiao Kiln, and I missed you, and I sent Du Fu to the south, which deeply showed Li Bai's affection for relatives and friends. Someone once said, "Life is about knowing each other, so why gold and money?". In his later years, he established a deep friendship with Wang Lun, a farmer in Taohuatan, and he got a well-known friendship poem "To Wang Lun".
What people have to mention is his friendship with Du Fu. Du Fu is eleven years younger than him. At that time, Du Fu's creative life had just begun. Du Fu deeply admired Li Bai. Li Bai got rid of his precious seclusion, and his bold and clear personality and extraordinary poems deeply attracted Du Fu. And Li Bai has a special liking for these like-minded friends. After parting, Du Fu said to Li Bai, "I have dreamed of you for three nights today", and Li Bai also said, "Like a gentleman, I have traveled to the south." It can be seen that Du Li's friendship is based on mutual respect, care and love, so it is long-lasting and lasting.
In addition, he also has love poems to express love. For example, five poems, such as Long March and Yue Nv Ci, are straightforward and beautiful. When Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty recruited an to leave Beijing, he and his wife joked, "Wang Ming ordered three expeditions and left Wuguan. The White Jade Pagoda is invisible, and Acacia must go to Wang Fu. " This shows his humor and sincere expression of the feelings of husband and wife.
(8) Li Bai's poems show a strong spirit of heroism and patriotism. Like other scribes of his time, he had great ambitions. The so-called "Shen's talk, seeking the skill of the emperor, inspiring his wisdom, is willing to help it." Make the atlas bigger and make Haixian clear "(biography of Dai Shoushan answering Meng Shaofu) is his most persistent belief in life. It may be doubtful whether Li Bai has the practical ability to engage in political activities in a complex power structure, but as a poet, this belief has more become the starting point for him to pursue and praise the magnificent life. He drew strength from the manners and styles of countless ancient heroes and projected realistic ideals into history, thus establishing a gallery of heroes in his poems. He praised the heroes who rose on the grass and in the world. For example, "Fu Liangyin" wrote Tai Gong Wang: "You don't see your morning songs, and the fishing boat has been Weibin for 80 years; I would rather be ashamed of my white hair, take water as light, and be strong and thoughtful when I meet the times. Wide Zhang 3800 fishing, dark and close in the wind. The Great Sage Tiger became stupid and unpredictable, which was quite ordinary in those days. "Praise the righteous who regard fame and fortune as dirt. For example, in the tenth part of Antique, Lv Zhonglian wrote: "Qi people have a charming life, and Lu Lian is wonderful. The bright moon will shine once when it comes out of the bottom of the sea. However, Qin Zhenying sounded the golden bell, and later generations looked back. Meaning light daughter ceremony, Gu Xiang plain smile. I'm a slut, too, and my clothes can be tuned in one tune. "Praise the British monarch who is eager for talents and noble morality, such as the second part of" It's hard to go to the sky ":"Don't you see the former prince who respected talents, built a high platform and provided gold to talented people? Bend down and sweep the floor to welcome them? ? The drama Xin is grateful to Dade and serves him wholeheartedly, which is full of intrigue and intrigue. The king's bones have been buried. Who will sweep the floor of the golden platform again? ! "Praise those famous ministers who are arrogant and unruly and insist on the dignity of cloth, such as Li Shiqi in Fu Liangyin:" Don't you see that Levin drinkers are drafting and have long praised Shandong Dragon Zhun Gong; Beginners don't worship eloquence, but two women give up washing and follow suit. Seventy-two miles east, qi entered the city, and commanded Chu Han to rise. Crazy people are down and out, let alone strong men! "The protagonists in his works are mostly all-powerful figures in the turbulent and chaotic historical stage. Li Bai was born in a prosperous time, and paying tribute to the heroes in troubled times is of course not just a reflection on the past. Because through such characters, poets can express their spirit and enthusiasm, and express their life desire to make contributions in history and actively create self-value. Li Bai's frontier poems reflecting frontier life reflect his patriotic spirit. For example, there are six songs, Guan Shanyue and so on. Expressing his deep concern and sympathy for the life of border guards,
It can be said that Li Bai's life is full of eager pursuit and positive enterprising. In his pursuit and exploration, all the way is bumpy and hard. When there is a contradiction between ideal and reality, he is powerless to change the dark reality and unwilling to give in to it. His thoughts are complex and contradictory.
Secondly, the complexity of Li Bai's poems.
Li Bai's life thought is very complicated, and its complexity is mainly influenced by both objective and subjective aspects. Objectively, it was caused by the historical situation and social factors at that time, subjectively, it was caused by his own acceptance of the influence of multicultural thoughts.
(A) the objective reasons for the complexity of Li Bai's thought
Li Bai's life mainly lived in the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty, which was the heyday of feudal society. The formation of his ideological character is closely related to the social environment of this period. During the Kaiyuan period, the Tang Dynasty empire was in an extremely prosperous stage, which gave Li Bai great encouragement. His fantasy of making contributions, optimistic and enterprising spirit, open-minded and even unrestrained were the common characteristics of many intellectuals at that time, and Li Bai was the most typical one. In such a passionate era, it is in tune with Li Bai's personality. He believes that his "soaring" talent can be fully displayed, and his lofty political ambitions and life pursuits can also be realized. Moreover, other literati in this period "often wandered between high dancing and enterprising, shaking their hearts with the pain or joy of hope and brewing songs", and Li Bai was one of them. However, Li Bai lived in the transitional period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. In his later period in Chang 'an, the society became increasingly corrupt and dark, traitors took power, the court gradually formed a decadent ruling group, and sages were repeatedly rejected and persecuted. Especially in the later period of his roaming in Liangyuan, he witnessed and experienced the crisis and war of the Tang Empire. In this way, it not only inspired his ambition to pursue fame and fortune, but also greatly inspired his ideal ambition to save time and save the world. The experience of real social life has a great influence on his life pursuit and attitude. He often compares himself with famous politicians and strategists in history, such as Guan Zhong, Le Yi, Sean and Zhuge Liang, hoping that he can do something like them to help the world and people. He has a high degree of pride and confidence in his talent and strength, and often describes himself as a warrior with great strength in Fu Dapeng. At this time, Li Bai swept away the negative thoughts of binge drinking in the past, no longer pursued seclusion, but faced reality directly. In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), after the Anshi Rebellion broke out, Li Bai paid close attention to the development of the incident, "caressing the sword at night, aiming high" and "giving a pickaxe" were eager for the opportunity to show their talents, so the following winter, with patriotic enthusiasm, he invited Li Bai and Yongli Li Lin as shogunate generals. However, contrary to expectations, he was also sentenced to Xunyang prison. It was not until the second year of Shang Dynasty (76 1) that sixty-one-year-old Li Bai heard that Li Guangbi led an army to conquer Shi Chaoyi. He went north from Dangtu and volunteered to kill the enemy, but he went to Jinling and turned back because of illness. Therefore, he lamented that "Heaven has taken the heart of a strong man and bid farewell to Jason Wu", which shows his firmness in his ideal. When he died of illness the following year, his uncle Dangtu ordered the Li family to complete his long and bumpy life.
It can be said that the changeable social reality has created Li Bai's complicated life and his unremitting spirit of "seeking up and down" for his life ideal. On his long road of seeking, there are some aspects of his active struggle for his ideal (ranger, counselor), as well as his recluse (hermit, Taoist) and carpe diem (alcoholic), which are closely related to his complicated thoughts and life pursuit.
(B) Li Bai's complicated subjective reasons
Subjectively influenced by the Western Regions and Han culture, it is composed of Confucianism, Taoism, Rangers and military strategists. As a scholar in feudal society, Li Bai was deeply influenced by China's feudal traditional Confucianism. On the one hand, he accepted the Confucian thought of "helping the world" and demanded "helping the poor, securing the country" and "setting Li Yuan at peace". Zi Chun, the book-giving minister, is the motive force and source of Li Bai's constant pursuit of the political ideal of strengthening the country and reassuring the people, and his constant struggle to realize his lofty aspirations. Since childhood, Li Bai has been studying Confucian classics intensively. He is known as "reciting six classics at the age of five, observing a hundred schools at the age of fifteen, and being famous for his Xuanyuan family", and "History of Peichang in Shang 'an Prefecture". He understood the truth of "helping the world at the same time" since childhood, and regarded the "everyman" in the world as his duty, and never wavered in his struggle for it all his life.
On the other hand, Li Bai accepted Taoism, especially Zhuangzi's thought of being born, and pursued absolute freedom, despising everything in the world. Taoism made him unyielding, arrogant and powerful; With his broad-minded heroic demeanor and rebellious spirit, this is another source of his long-distance journey, seeking immortality and romantic personality. He took the "shortcut to the south" that had become the trend at that time, hoping to establish his reputation by learning Taoism in seclusion, and then he would rise to the top. He lived in seclusion with Yuan Danqiu, Kong, Taoist Wu Yun and others in Songshan, Culai and Tongzhong. He is confident that he is "invisible" and hopes to seek official positions through seclusion.
There are many contradictions among Confucianism, Taoism and chivalry, among which positive and negative, entry into WTO and birth, seeking official position and seclusion are intertwined. In order to unify these thoughts, Li Bai designed a special life path of "success, fame, retirement" and "retirement after success" (part III). In his poems, he repeatedly emphasized that "I would like to be a wise master and fight with Lao Lin", "I will not be with Song", "I will try my best to serve me and then lie with Baiyun", "I will drive to the hot spring to give gifts to Yangshan people" and "When you do something, you will feel honored. Then it is not difficult to float in Wuxiang with Tao Zhu and Liu Hou and play in Cangzhou. " Dai Shoushan answered Meng Shaofu's transfer document. "I can see that he has always regarded retirement as his ultimate destination and has no nostalgia for prosperity. His life ideal has a strong fantasy, which is based on a clear understanding of the rulers' attitude towards talents. "All the ancient talents failed to retire after their success" (3). That's why he just wants to be the emperor's teacher and friend, not a slave. Although he is eager to go into politics, he will never give up his pride and freedom. Once his political ideal conflicts with his personality, he always resolutely chooses the latter. He agreed to stay, but did not "bow down" to the powerful. He dared to satirize and rebuke their greed and barbarism, and laughed at the vulgarity and pedantry of the world, which all reflected his rebellious spirit and his ideal pursuit of life.
Talk about both Confucianism and magic; It is not only the pursuit of fame, but also the desire to live in seclusion. Formed a philosophy of life with Confucianism as the advancement and Taoism as the retreat. The birth of Zhuangzi and Qu Yuan's loyalty to the monarch and patriotism: Confucianism's active entry into the WTO, Taoism's inaction, longevity and chivalry are wonderfully unified in Li Bai's life.
Li Bai's thoughts are extremely complicated. Its counterpart is that Confucianism and ranger thought make him love life, love life and pursue great achievements, while Taoism makes him wild and unrestrained, and diversity and complexity are not contradictory. The diversity of thoughts just constitutes his complexity.
Thirdly, the root cause of the complexity and diversity of Li Bai's thought and its influence on later literati.
To sum up, Li Bai's education and changeable life experience have formed the diversity and complexity of his thoughts, that is, he always takes "saving the world" and "saving the world" as his own responsibility, always strives to realize his political thoughts, does not lose perseverance when he is frustrated politically, and does not lack lofty sentiments when he is old and sick; He also preached the law, not only pursuing meritorious service, but also longing for retirement after success; Confucianism's loyalty to the monarch and patriotism, Taoism's active entry into the WTO, Taoism's magnanimity to avoid the world, and the lofty integrity of doing nothing are all wonderfully unified in Li Bai, which is also the fundamental reason for diversity and complexity. We can see the diversity and complexity of Li Bai's thoughts from his life experiences recorded in historical books, poems handed down from generation to generation, and the evaluations of ancient and modern scholars. The root cause of his diversity and complexity was created by the times at that time. Li Bai's life thoughts are rich and his feelings are delicate. His romantic poetry can be said to have reached the peak of ancient poetry. At the same time, his personality charm is also worth discussing. His thoughts include longing for a better life, keen perception of natural landscape and strong feelings for family and friends. When there is a strong contradiction between the eager yearning and pursuit of ideal life and reality, he will show a strong hatred for the dark reality. When he can't change, although he will often face the reality in seclusion, more is that he can pursue and improve his life with tenacious will, firm belief, courageous attitude and optimistic spirit, which is the greatest wealth left to our descendants.
Li Bai is another great positive romantic poet after Qu Yuan, and his achievements have reached the peak of romantic art in the history of China's classical poetry development. His positive romantic poems, both in spirit and in expression, had a great influence on the Tang Dynasty and later generations. Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty has given a high evaluation: "Du Li's article is there, and the flame is long." Many writers after the Tang Dynasty, such as Su Shi and Lu You in the Song Dynasty, Gao Qi in the Ming Dynasty and Gong Zizhen in the Qing Dynasty, all accepted his influence to varying degrees and made different achievements. Today, China advocates the combination of revolutionary realism and revolutionary romanticism as a socialist art method, so it is obviously necessary for us to critically inherit Li Bai's poetry and song heritage in order to develop our socialist literature and art. Li Bai's great influence on later generations is first of all his personality strength and poetic charm. His extraordinary self-confidence, his independent personality of "Oh, how can I bow and scrape to a powerful person", his awe-inspiring character of "treating all kinds of games as friends and a pillar of dirt" and his natural and unrestrained spirit of blending with nature have attracted countless literati. In the cultural tradition of China ancient feudal society in which individual personality consciousness was suppressed by orthodox thoughts, Li Bai's unrestrained and naive personality style undoubtedly has great charm. The bold and elegant style of his poems, unpredictable imagination and the beauty of clear water lotus have great appeal to later poets, and Su Shi, Lu You and others have all been influenced by him. Because he writes poems with talent and temperament, his poetic style can't be learned. In the history of China's poetry, Li Bai has an irreplaceable immortal position.
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Comment on 1996 Edition of Notes on Li Yongxiang's Ji 'an in Tang Poetry
On the Outline of Style
General remarks: Li Bai's thoughts are diverse and complex.
1. Pluralism in Li Bai's Thought
(A) the romantic feelings expressed in Li Bai's poems
1. Taste Li Bai's romantic feelings from his language style.
2. Taste the romantic feelings of Li Bai from the artistic conception of his poems.
(2) Li Bai's poems are full of Ren Xia color.
(3) Li Bai's poems express the pursuit of life value and life will, and respect for self-humanity and human rights.
(4) Li Bai's poems show the idealism of pursuing freedom and enriching life.
(5) Li Bai's poems and songs are full of passionate love for life.
(6) Li Bai's poems express that he is never satisfied with loneliness and dares to pursue a better life.
(7) Li Bai's poems express deep feelings.
(8) Li Bai's poems show a strong spirit of heroism and patriotism.
Second, the complexity of Li Bai's thought.
(A) the objective reasons for the complexity of Li Bai's thought
(B) the subjective reasons for the complexity of Li Bai's thought
1, Li Bai was influenced by Confucianism
2. Li Bai was influenced by Taoism.
3. The contradiction between Confucianism, Taoism and chivalry.
Thirdly, the root cause of the complexity and diversity of Li Bai's thought and its influence on later literati.
From Baidu Chinese periodical