Taking Honghe county as an example, this paper mainly analyzes the relationship between planned burning of forest fire prevention and fire source management, planned burning and ecological protection. The following is an MBA model essay on the relationship between fire and fire source management and ecological protection in the forest fire prevention planning of Honghe County on 20 17.
Planned combustion, fire source management and ecological protection
1 Relationship between planned combustion and fire source management
Practice has proved that planned burning in key forest areas and the junction of forest farmers and forestry and animal husbandry is beneficial to fire source management. Especially in recent years, the fuel load under the forest has increased, the situation of forest fire prevention has become increasingly severe, and the management of fire sources has become more and more difficult. Scientific and reasonable planned combustion in the forest and forest edge has effectively reduced the pressure of fire source management. But sometimes due to improper operation and lax management, planned combustion may also cause fire.
Therefore, combined with the actual situation of the county, formulate? Six burn, six don't burn? Technical specifications, namely: burning below the third grade wind, not burning above the third grade wind; Notify the surrounding units and implement fire prevention measures, and fail to notify the surrounding units of non-combustion; Burning with the approval of the county-level forest fire prevention department, and burning without the approval of the county-level forest fire prevention department; If there is a leader responsible for burning, if there is no leader responsible for burning, it will not be burned; Fire fighting teams have been organized to burn, and those without fire fighting teams will not burn; Do a good job of burning the fire isolation belt, and do not burn the fire isolation belt without doing a good job.
2 the relationship between planned burning and ecological protection
In forest areas and ecological construction project areas, through planned combustion, the combustible load in the forest and forest edge can be reduced, and the fire can be blocked at the same time. However, planned burning also has disadvantages, destroying the biodiversity of forest areas and leading to the reduction or extinction of individual species; It causes soil erosion or land desertification, destroys ecological vegetation, leads to the imbalance of local ecosystem, and affects the harmonious development between man and nature.
In particular, there are a large number of precious animal, plant, insect and microbial resources in the forest edge wetland, and it is difficult to restore these ecosystems after the planned fire. Therefore, planned incineration should respect the laws of science and nature, and should not be carried out blindly and casually.
3 planned combustion has disadvantages.
3. 1 Plan to burn and destroy biodiversity
After the planned burning, some herbs that propagate by seeds can be destroyed, and herbs that propagate by roots and tillers are also seriously damaged. At the same time, the habitat of wild animals has been destroyed to varying degrees, which has also affected their survival and reproduction. If a species disappears, it will inevitably affect the survival of other creatures because of the ecological chain, resulting in the fragile forest ecological environment and the attenuation of natural fire prevention ability.
3.2 planned combustion causes air pollution.
According to the research report of the United Nations Environment Programme, due to serious air pollution, brown clouds with a thickness of 3 kilometers have formed over South Asia, which has brought serious natural disasters to the region. One of the important reasons is large-scale bio-combustion, including forest fires, deforestation, burning garbage, burning wood or cow dung in rural areas for heating and cooking. A large amount of CO2, heat and water will be released in the planned combustion process, and CO2 in the atmosphere will increase, resulting in greenhouse effect, leading to global warming and reducing carbon emissions, which has become a major cause of global ecological environment security.
3.3 planned combustion causes soil erosion
Large-scale, repeated and planned incineration at the edge of forest and on both sides of highway will destroy the aggregate structure of soil. Tar produced by combustibles will penetrate into the soil, often forming an impermeable layer, which will affect the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, affect the growth and degradation of plants, increase surface runoff, and cause rock exposure and soil erosion.
3.4 Planned combustion may lead to thawing of frozen soil.
Planned combustion will directly ignite undergrowth shrubs, ground patches and humus layers, and heat will be transferred downward from the surface to promote the melting of frozen soil. Forest and frozen soil environment are interdependent and mutually restricted. The degradation of frozen soil leads to the secondary succession of forests, which gradually loses the ability of free reproduction of frozen soil forests.
Therefore, it is not suitable for planned burning in the forest, and the increase of combustible accumulation in the forest is not a necessary condition for forest fires. In natural high-quality secondary forest areas and virgin forest areas, forest fires are generally not easy to occur, or forest fires spread slowly with little loss. The main reason is that the forest canopy density is large, the light is less, and the water content of combustible materials is high, forming? Forest ecological and humid environment? . If there is a planned burning in the forest, on the one hand, the vegetation in the forest has good light transmittance, and weeds will soon return to the surface and become overgrown; On the one hand, turning some incompletely burned dead branches into charcoal and carbonized wood has a strong effect of absorbing heat and warming up, laying a fire hazard and destroying it in the future. Forest ecological and humid environment? . Therefore, the longer the planned combustion is not carried out in the forest, the smaller the probability of forest fire, and the weeds and litter in the forest will maintain a stable, moist and non-flammable small ecological environment after natural decomposition.
4 initiative
(1) The state and province should further formulate and improve the technical regulations and management systems for planned burning, maximize the positive effects of planned burning and reduce the negative effects.
(2) Establish the project of the relationship between planned burning in forest and forest edge, fire source management and ecological protection, and set up a research group to conduct special theoretical research.
(3) The funds for planned burning are insufficient, and the development of planned burning has met with great resistance. It is suggested that countries should increase their investment in this field in order to carry out planned burning smoothly, improve the quality of planned burning and enhance the forest fire prevention ability.
(4) The main measures to comprehensively improve the management level of forest fire prevention are: Strengthen six responsibilities and ensure that six are in place. ? That is, strengthen the responsibility of leaders at all levels to ensure that the work is in place; Strengthen the responsibility of publicity and education to ensure that the awareness of fire prevention is in place; Strengthen the responsibility of fire source management to ensure that fire prevention and control are in place; Strengthen the responsibility of fire fighting command to ensure that fire disposal is in place; Strengthen the responsibility of logistics support to ensure that emergency reserves are in place; Strengthen fire management according to law and ensure that the reward and punishment mechanism is put in place.
refer to
[1] Regulations on Forest Fire Prevention issued by the State Council, People's Republic of China (PRC), No.5465438 +0.2008- 1- 19.
[2] Regulations on Forest Fire Prevention in Yunnan Province. Representative of the 11th People's Congress of Yunnan Province.
[3] Combustion measures of forest fire prevention plan in Honghe County. Red River Forest Fire Prevention Command.2013-12-12.
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