20 10-0 1-03 15:55:25
First, the pluralistic trend of thought.
After the 1950s, the trend of thought of modern western architecture developed towards diversification, which refers to the diversification of styles and forms in the field of architecture. This trend makes the architecture and environment have obvious regional characteristics.
Louis. Kang and Corbusier are pioneers in exploring diversified architecture.
1, roughness: keep the natural color of the building, the concrete is not painted, and the components are straightforward and blunt.
Marseille apartment in Corbusier, Hengst Smithsonian College.
Masai apartment
2. Elegance: (formalism, neoclassicism) absorbs the composition techniques of traditional buildings, with neat and rigorous proportions, occasional decoration and no columns, which vividly replaces traditional forms.
Smith's West Berlin Art Museum, the American Embassy in Si Tong, and the New York World Trade Center in Yamazaki.
West Berlin Art Museum
3. Metaphorism: (symbolism) emphasizes artistic modeling and symbolic meaning and has a strong personality.
The concrete symbols are the Kennedy Airport Building in Sha Lining Jr. and the Sydney Opera House in Wuzhong.
Abstract Symbol, Hans Berlin Philharmonic Hall, Lin Ying American Vietnam War Memorial.
Kennedy airport building
4. Neo-localism: Architectural conception combines local characteristics, suits people's living habits, integrates people, architecture and environment, and inherits Aalto's ideas, which is the most influential mainstream architectural creation phenomenon in Europe. The national style and local materials have a sense of history and humanistic characteristics.
Renzo Jean Marie of the piano band. Tadao Ando is at the Japan Pavilion and the Garbo Cultural Center of the Seville Expo.
Jibaoou cultural center
5, bright (silver): large glass curtain wall, international extension.
The first all-glass curtain wall building of new york Lihua Building 1952 in SOM.
I.M. Pei Hancock Building in Boston
Hancock building
6. High-tech school: architectural modeling pays attention to a high degree of industrial technology tendency. Architectural Telecommunications School is a radical high-tech school, which telegraphs architectural language and exposes equipment.
Rogers, Pompidou Art and Culture Center in piano, New Stuttgart Art Museum in Stirling.
New Stuttgart Museum of Art
7. Explore * * * Enjoy space and novel space: * * Seven tips for enjoying space ① Laws and changes ② Dynamics ③ Water ④ Communication space ⑥ * * Enjoy space ⑥ Nature ⑥ Lighting, color and sightseeing elevator.
Portman's San Francisco Heath Hotel Atlanta Peachtree Street Plaza Hotel
I.m. Pei National Art East Hall
Mei Guo Guo Jia Mei Shu Guan Dongguan
8. Metabolic school: external buildings, interchange mode, outdated buildings can be replaced at any time.
Yamanashi Cultural Center in Ge Tan and Bocang Building in Kurokawa.
Yamanashi county culture club
9. Strange architecture: grotesque.
Villa Lucado Senadou, beaufort, Spain.
After 1970s, post-modernism, post-modernism and deconstruction appeared in western architectural thoughts.
Second, the post-modernism trend of thought
1. Architectural features: It originated in the United States in the late 1960s and became a popular architectural school in the United States in the 1970s and 1980s. Criticism and revision of orthodox modernism, postmodernism attaches importance to emotion and humanism; Absorb historical traditions, express deformation and decoration with new technologies, and symbolize historical themes; Symbolization and popularization of metaphor, radical eclecticism, double decoding;
2. Philosophical basis: humanism.
3. Theoretical basis: Robert. Venturi 1966, Contradictions and Complexity of Architecture, a declaration of post-modernism, points out that architecture should be mixed, not pure, not simple and rich.
4. Architectural aesthetics: pursuing complexity, contradiction, incompleteness, disharmony and disunity, as opposed to traditional aesthetics.
1972 Venturi's "Learning from Las Vegas" proposes to create buildings with public appreciation needs and civilian tastes, ugly or mediocre.
5. Representatives and works:
Robert. Venturi: Mother Villa, Ting Hu, Princeton University.
Mother villa
Jencks's Postmodern Architectural Language 1977
The manifestations of postmodernism: historicism, which treats tradition in an unconventional way;
Retro, traditional and popular, faithfully reflecting traditional architecture;
Xinxiang Tupai;
Contextualism;
Metaphor+metaphysics; (Gaudi Mira Apartment)
Postmodern space. (irrational, mixed, ambiguous)
Charles. Italy Moore Square, New Orleans, USA
place d'italie
Graves Portland Town Hall (landmark building)
Stirling New Stuttgart Museum of Art
Hansbury Vienna Travel Agency
1978 west Berlin postmodern architecture exhibition
6, the historical roots of postmodernism:
The new consumption pattern (simplicity and economy), the negative influence of industrial civilization (nostalgia), the consciousness of humanism and irrationalism, and the new changes in art and aesthetic fashion (pop art, performance painting).
7. Assessment:
Post-modernism architectural trend of thought
(1) criticized the international rigid dogmatism and urged contemporary architecture to explore a new path.
② It can't be equated with modernism, but it solves more superficial and formal problems, and its historical value is not as good as modernism; (3) Postmodernism is a modification and variant of modernist architecture, which combines the characteristics of post-industrial era.
(4) It is only a continuation of the pluralistic trend of thought, and it cannot solve all the architectural problems. Emphasis is placed on form and renewal of tradition from the guiding ideology and expression techniques.
Third, late modernism:
1, philosophical basis: philosophy of science;
Features: the supplement and expansion of modernism technology, the extension of modernism in the contemporary era, and the emphasis on technology; Advocate more expression of the spirit of the times, apply high-tech means and new expressions; Exaggerating several aspects of modernism, extreme logic, emphasizing streamline and mechanical equipment tend to be the high-tech image of the information society in the post-industrial era, which is an exaggerated decorative application of technology, a complex embodiment of international style, and an abstract architectural language of various variants.
2.① High-tech effect, emphasizing the performance effect of modern technology, emphasizing equipment, structure, pipelines, etc.
Lloyd's Mansion Pompidou Art and Cultural Center (Rogers)
Pompidou art cultural center
Express the light sense texture, and express the smooth surface of high-tech products with metal, plastic panels and glass curtain walls.
Portman San Francisco Heath Hotel Lavlet Park is in Kumi; Spherical cinema
La Villette Park
(2) Show the power of the new structure:
Suspension cable, tie rod, suspension, shell and grid structure bring new exhibition opportunities to modeling.
Yoyogi Stadium in Kenzi Ge Tan, Kennedy Airport Building in Sha Lining Junior and Yale University Ice Hockey Hall.
Yale University Ice Hockey Hall
(3) Virtual space: many decorative frames are made on the surface or top of the building to create a multi-layer transparent virtual space, which organically combines the artificial environment with the natural environment.
Peter eisenmann Mansion X
Residential x
④ Deconstruction:
Originated in Russia, it attaches importance to the influence of opportunity and contingency on architecture, downplays the original architectural concept, promotes architectural art to a deeper level of pure art, and reduces functional technology to a means of expressing intention.
Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain.
Guggenheim Museum, Bilba.
3. Assessment:
(1) This is an architectural tendency that began to appear in the west in the late 1960s to revise modernism theory, pushing modernism theory and style to the extreme;
(2) The truth that post-modernism insists on comes from the perfection of technology and architectural means, which is also its purpose to some extent;
(3) Post-modernism tends to mix ambiguity and clearly divide two extremes in spatial processing.