1, metaphor: turn plain into vivid; Turn abstruse into simple; Turn abstraction into concreteness.

2. personification: write animals, birds, insects, flowers, trees or other inanimate things into adults, so that specific things are personalized and the language is vivid. Give something life, write something vividly and express the author's feelings.

3. Exaggeration: express distinct emotions and attitudes and highlight the essential characteristics of things.

4. Parallelism: strengthen the language situation and language atmosphere, so that the article has a stronger sense of rhythm and better organization, which is more conducive to expressing strong feelings (expression effect).

5. Duality: neat symmetry, strong sense of rhythm, high generalization, easy to remember and beautiful music.

6. Ask questions: attract attention and inspire readers to think; Contribute to clear hierarchy and compact structure; It can better describe the ideological activities of the characters.

7. Rhetorical question: strengthen tone, make people think, stimulate readers' feelings, deepen readers' impression, and enhance the momentum and persuasiveness of the text.

8. Metonymy: highlight the essential characteristics of things, enhance the image of language, make the writing concise and clear, and make the language rich in change and sense of humor; Attract people's association, so that the expression receives outstanding images, distinctive features, concrete and vivid effects.

9. Pun: It can make the language expression implicit and humorous, deepen the meaning and leave a deep impression on people.

10, the truth: it can not only make the sentence structure neat and coherent, but also highlight the organic connection between things.

2. Argumentation methods: examples, quotations, metaphors, comparisons, induction and deduction are commonly used.

(1) Example method

Example method, also called case argumentation method, is a method to prove the correctness of one's argument with convincing typical cases. It is the most commonly used argumentation method in argumentative writing. "Facts speak louder than words" is self-evident in the face of typical cases.

(2) Introduction method

Quoting, also called reasoning, is an argument method to prove that one's point of view is correct and credible by quoting famous sayings, ancient poems and famous sentences, proverbs and epigrams that reflect scientific laws.

(3) Metaphor method

Metaphor is a method to demonstrate an argument with metaphor.

In argumentative writing, metaphor can make the argument easier to understand, more interesting and more easily recognized by readers. Metaphor can turn abstraction into concreteness, difficulty into simplicity and boredom into vividness.

(4) Comparative method

Comparative method is also a common demonstration method, which can be divided into comparative method and analogy method.

1, analogy method

The so-called analogy is to push from one story to another with the help of one or several similar stories, examples or situations arranged by the author.

2. Contrast method

The so-called contrast is to analyze and compare the positive and negative arguments and arguments, so as to deny the wrong views and establish the correct arguments.

Reason.

Third, explain the method.

1. Example

Make the article more specific, more convincing and explain things more objectively. Make more abstract and complicated things or things easy to understand and persuasive. Examples must make people feel real.

Compare

Explain that some abstract or unfamiliar things can be compared with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison.

definition

Defining the essential characteristics of a concept in concise language is called definition. Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things and is a common method in scientific and technological discussion.

4. Histogram

In order to explain complex things clearly, we can also use charts to make up for the lack of simple words and explain some things more directly and concretely. Make readers understand the characteristics of things at a glance.

Make an explanation

Explain some characteristics of things from one side. This method is called hermeneutics. Give an example ... to illustrate the characteristics of ... .....................................

For example.

By comparing the similarities of two different things, highlighting the shape characteristics of things and enhancing the vividness and vividness of interpretation, it is called analogy interpretation in analogy interpretation, which is consistent with metaphor in rhetoric. Only in this way can the abstract complexity become easy to understand and concrete and vivid. The difference is that there are similes, metaphors and metaphors in figurative rhetoric, while similes and metaphors are mostly used for description, while metaphors are inappropriate. (Comparing ... to ... embodies the characteristics of ...)

Step 7 imitate

In order to make the explained object more vivid and concrete, we can imitate the appearance, which is called imitation. (and description should be distinguished. Although the same, but the style is different. )

8. Quotation information

In order to make the content of the explanation more substantial and specific, you can quote materials to explain. The quoted materials range from classic works, famous sayings, formulas and rules, allusions and proverbs.

9. Classification

According to certain standards, the interpreted objects are divided into different categories and explained one by one. This method of explanation is called classification. Help readers master the characteristics and know fairly well.

10. Column number

In order to specify the things to be explained, you can also use the method of enumerating numbers to make readers understand. It should be noted that the quoted figures must be accurate, and inaccurate figures must never be used. Even the estimated figures should have reliable basis and try to be approximate.