World Heritage Report: Extremely Noble
1990 65438+From February 7 to 12, at the 4th session of UNESCO World Heritage Committee/kloc-0, held in Banff, Canada, Huangshan Scenic Area was included in the World Heritage List as a double heritage of world culture and nature, and became a 17 double heritage project in the World Heritage List.
Huangshan Mountain is the second batch of recommended projects in China 1988. It was approved by the State Council, reviewed by the National Committee of UNESCO in China, and submitted to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for project declaration. During the preliminary examination, China's application for the Giant Panda Reserve and Tonglushan Ancient Copper Mine Site was rejected for various reasons, and only Huangshan Mountain was submitted to the Committee for deliberation.
According to the reporter, despite the tight time, Huangshan City is full of confidence in the application process. Because in May of 1990, Dr. Jim Sansel, a senior investigator appointed by UNESCO, evaluated Huangshan Mountain in his investigation report, which basically made the competition lose suspense. He wrote: "China has more than 20 forests, famous mountains, natural areas and protected areas with oriental characteristics, and Huangshan Mountain is one of them ... its natural scenery is unparalleled." "Huangshan Mountain is located in the center of China's artistic, cultural and environmental heritage. Its beautiful natural scenic spots are dotted with 64 temples in ancient China's art, writing, architecture and history, which is particularly high." "The natural beauty and culture of Huangshan Mountain are rare in the world and should be added as a world heritage."
What excites Huang Shanren is what Sansell said at the seminar after the inspection: "I have written 145 recommendation reports to the World Heritage Committee, but only one failed. The content about Huangshan Mountain has been very substantial, and all the materials are very convincing. "
Huangshan Mountain was originally declared as a natural heritage, and the declared information was only obtained in July of 1990, and the supplementary materials were only submitted in September, so the cultural heritage project was not included in the recommendation list of the Presidium of the World Heritage Congress at first. Later, the representative of China did a lot of work outside the meeting, introduced the materials and obtained the first statement from the Korean representative. Tunisia supported it, explained the reasons, and stressed that it met the cultural heritage standards. Although other members didn't know much about it, they didn't raise any objection. Huangshan Mountain was successfully adopted as a world cultural heritage.
The 29th General Assembly of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee made a resolution to monitor and evaluate the world heritage every five years, and at the same time required the world heritage sites to submit a report on the implementation of the World Heritage Convention to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. This work is to understand the heritage site, evaluate its value, and constantly improve its protection measures.
65438+1From September 6 to 9, 1998, Feng Jing, a project expert of the United Nations World Heritage Center, and molloy, a conservation expert of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, conducted special monitoring and evaluation of the Huangshan Double Heritage.
After investigation, the expert group concluded: "Perhaps the most prominent management feature of Huangshan Mountain is the excellent road network, and the roads cut from granite are practical and pleasing to the eye." "Huangshan can serve as a model for the harmonious integration of tourism facilities and natural landscapes in East Asia." 1March, 1999, Huangshan Scenic Area Management Committee received the Notice on Forwarding World Heritage Issues from the Ministry of Construction. The World Heritage Committee spoke highly of Huangshan Scenic Area in its resolution, which is described as follows:
The most prominent management feature of Huangshan Mountain is the excellent road network. In this respect, Huangshan Mountain can serve as a model for East Asia to integrate tourism facilities into the natural landscape harmoniously.
Huangshan Scenic Area is well aware of their responsibilities to the World Heritage Convention. ...
The United Nations World Heritage Committee awarded Huangshan Melina Mercouri the International Honor Award for the Protection and Management of World Cultural Landscape in June 5438+0999165438+1October (there are three in the world and only one Huangshan in Asia).
Compared with the success of applying for the World Heritage, Huangshan can certainly be proud of being a world geopark, because among the 33 national geoparks that have applied for the World Heritage at the same time, Huangshan stands out with the first score. Therefore, the Huangshan Scenic Area Management Committee said: "Huangshan's application for the World Geopark is another world-class gold-lettered signboard and a new breakthrough in the topic of protection and development."
Huangshan Mountain, formerly known as Zhishan Mountain, is known as "the first strange mountain in Sinian" and is famous for its "four wonders" such as strange pine, strange rocks, sea of clouds and hot springs. Before the Tang Dynasty, there were few tourists because of the remote geographical location and inconvenient transportation. In 747 AD, Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty ordered to change its name to Huangshan Mountain, and its reputation began to make a big noise, and literati tourists poured in. Xu Xiake, a famous traveler in the Ming Dynasty, visited Huangshan twice, saying that "there is no Huangshan emblem at home and abroad, and if you climb Huangshan, there will be no mountains in the world". Later people called it "the Five Mountains returned without looking at the mountains, and Huangshan returned without looking at the mountains".
Huangshan's unique granite geology and rare peak forest landform structure have become an important factor in its application for the World Geopark. 1In June, 939, the famous geologist Li Siguang discovered the Quaternary glacial remains during his inspection in Huangshan Mountain. His paper "Quaternary Glacier Phenomenon in Huangshan Mountain, Anhui Province" broke the conclusion that there was no Quaternary glacier in China. In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), the governments of Taiping County and Shexian County were ordered to delimit the scope of Huangshan Mountain and draw a map of their jurisdiction, that is, to Tangkou Town of Shexian County in the south, Gantang Town of Taiping County in the north, Tanjiaqiao in the east and Lixitan in the west, which laid the foundation for the establishment of a special Huangshan Scenic Area after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
1982, the State Council approved Huangshan Mountain as a national key scenic spot. In order to strengthen the management and protection of Huangshan Mountain, 1987, the State Council approved the establishment of Huangshan City as a provincial city. At present, the administrative unit of Huangshan Mountain is the Huangshan Scenic Area Management Committee of Huangshan City, and the director is generally the mayor. At present, the scenic area is 154 square kilometers, and the peripheral protection zone is 142 square kilometers.
1996165438+10/8 Huangshan Tourism Development Co., Ltd. successfully issued 80 million B shares and 40 million A shares, becoming the first complete tourism concept stock in China stock market.
As a famous scenic spot in China, Huangshan Mountain was criticized by the media in 2002 for the destruction of mountains and water resources caused by the construction of reservoir projects and buildings by using plastic fake pine trees and blasting rocks.
On February 23 of the same year, CCTV's Economic Half-hour broadcast a reporter's investigation report with the title "Is Huangshan a world heritage or a pity?" It is said that "there are 7 hotels in the core scenic spot of Huangshan, all of which belong to Huangshan Tourism Development Co., Ltd. ... Compared with the average standard of national tourist attractions, the occupancy rate of 65% in peak season and 35% in off-season of Huangshan is obviously low. For Huangshan, there is excess reception capacity. "
In order to build Wuliqiao Reservoir, "a dam to stop water was built on the high mountain, which blew up a mountain and cut down some trees next to the reservoir." Pollutants can be seen everywhere in the water source protection area, and a large number of trees are piled up on both sides of the construction site. In order to make way for the project, some yellow pines were uprooted. "
"Another famous scenic spot of Huangshan Mountain: Dream pen gives birth to flowers. This is a yellow pine that grows on the top of the mountain. But now we can only see a plastic tree. The real tree died years ago. Experts found that pine trees are seriously short of water due to the construction of reservoirs in the upper reaches. The water in Huangshan Mountain is transported to more and more hotels and guesthouses through pipelines. Because of the need of construction, Huangshan rock mass formed by geological structure for hundreds of millions of years was cut and broken. Wherever the water pipe goes, there are rubble everywhere. Pipes and gravel can be seen everywhere on both sides of the mountainside and pedestrian walkway. Looking from a distance, the beautiful Huangshan Mountain is devastated. According to statistics, the water pipeline in Huangshan Scenic Area is 40 kilometers long and has been connected to the peak of Huangshan Mountain. "
It is located in Sanhuawu, Beihai Scenic Area in the northeast of Huangshan Mountain, similar to Gaby Peak. Altitude1640m. A stone stands out in the sky, with a rounded bottom, like a calligrapher's pen, and the pine tree at the peak looks like a flower from a distance, hence the name "dream pen gives birth to flowers".
There is a simple explanation in the official website of Anhui Tourism Bureau: "Pine trees died in the early 1970s, and now they are imitation plastic pine trees."
The description in official website of Huangshan Scenic Area Management Committee is simpler: "Sanhuawu has natural dream flowers and penholder peaks."
On the contrary, the Huangshan Tourism Information Network sponsored by a travel agency clearly stated when introducing the Bifeng Scenic Area: "1972, the pen flower pine (that is, the dragon pine) began to wither, and by 1985, only a few branches were left. In order to preserve the wonders of the dream flowers, the Huangshan Garden Department customized a plastic pine to be installed on the peak of the pen according to the prototype size of the pen flower pine, which is no different from the real pine from a distance. "
Ancient and famous trees are outstanding representatives of important landscapes and heritages in scenic spots. There are more than 800 ancient and famous trees in Huangshan. Among them, there are 1000 or more trees, belonging to 17 family and 3 1 species. In order to protect these precious ancient and famous trees, the "Technical Research Office of Landscape Bureau of Huangshan Scenic Area" was established in the scenic area, and various rules and regulations of ancient and famous trees were formulated, technical protection files were established, protected areas were delineated and signs were set up, 54 famous pines listed in the world natural heritage list in the scenic area were identified, and those responsible for daily supervision and technical management were determined, and classified listing management was implemented. In the scenic spot * * *, there are nearly 100 famous pine and ancient trees protection fences, and the ancient and famous trees next to the scenic spot are surrounded by bamboo pieces. A washing center, a vegetable cleaning center, a garbage disposal station and a living base will be built outside the scenic spot. Throughout the mountain, clean vegetables go up the mountain, garbage goes down the mountain, and bulk washing is all picked down the mountain. The closed rest system for fatigue scenic spots was implemented, and famous scenic spots such as Shi Xinfeng, Lianhuafeng, Danxia and Tiandufeng were closed one after another for reasons such as small browsing area and limited capacity, supplemented by artificial measures to promote vegetation growth and restore the ecological environment.
Over the past ten years, Huangshan Scenic Area has successively relocated residential areas, schools and office buildings, and constantly transformed the old infrastructure construction, with a total demolition area of 40,000 square meters. In 2002, the number of people entering the mountain was 6.5438+0.354 million. Affected by SARS in 2003, the number of tourists dropped a lot, but it still reached 6.5438+0.03 million. This year's target is 6.5438+0.5 million.
A brief history of Huangshan tourism
○ In the 13th year of Tang Tianbao (754), Li Bai traveled to Huangshan and left two poems;
○ Xu Xiake visited Huangshan twice in Ming Dynasty, leaving two Huangshan diaries; During the Jiaqing period of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Shizhen, the last leader of the seven sons of the literary world, led more than 0/000 literati from Sanwu and Zhejiang to visit Huangshan Mountain.
○ During the Republic of China, Xu Shiying, a veteran of the Kuomintang, invited Zhang Zhizhong, Xu and others, who were both Anhui ancestral homes, to set up the Huangshan Construction Committee, surveyed and demarcated the scenic spots, promulgated the laws on the protection and management of scenic spots, and renovated some roads;
○1963 ○1010. In October, 69 diplomatic missions from more than 30 countries including Chen Yi visited Huangshan for 5 days.
○1979 In July, Deng Xiaoping visited Huangshan Mountain and proposed: "Huangshan Mountain is a good place to develop tourism. Be ambitious and play the brand of Huangshan! "