First, how to choose the question
What haunts me together is the repeated questioning of the tutor during the more than one year of writing the thesis opening report.
A question: "What's your puzzle?" How many times have I answered "My question is, China's?
Why can't the semiconductor industry develop? "The teacher with its unique savings to ask questions, just laughed. I am very annoyed in my heart.
Fire and regret: what's wrong with such a simple truth and such an obvious answer? !
The secret lies in the "level" of asking questions. Different from policy research reports, academic articles gather theoretical aspects and solutions.
Solve theoretical problems. A theory is a logical system composed of a series of premises and terms. Theories in specific fields have their specific generalizations.
Concept, category and research paradigm. Only under the same concepts, perspectives and paradigms can theories talk; Only through the right
Words, theory can develop. Few master's and doctoral dissertations create new theories, which is of course the best, but it is difficult.
Most of us have developed on the basis of existing theories, so when asking questions, we should be "experts" to understand.
Terms and clear logic to express. Look at my initial question, "Why can't China's semiconductor industry develop?"
This is only an exploration of phenomena, not a theoretical proposition to be verified. My theoretical proposition is: "China's industrial policy.
Is the process an elite-led knowledge process? In this proposition, "policy process", "elite politics" and "* * * knowledge.
The three terms "appeal" outline the theoretical scope and perspective of the study.
Secondly, multiple-choice questions are a process of "peeling bamboo shoots". Theoretical problems are always hidden in complex reality.
Behind it, and discovering theoretical problems requires the ability to use theoretical thinking. The training of theoretical thinking is a long-term accumulation
Process. However, novices need not be discouraged. Generally speaking, they can be divided into "three steps": the first step is to define a "xing"
Interest range ",such as semiconductor industry, information industry, rural medical care, higher education system, etc. , and browse the relevant media extensively.
Reports, government documents, academic articles, find the "crux" or "hot spot" among them. The second step is to summarize the previous research.
Generally speaking, what theoretical perspective is used to analyze the "crux" or "hot spot" and what theoretical tools are used, such as public finance.
Perspective, social conflict paradigm, etc. The third step is to investigate the feasibility of the problem, that is, our own research space and research.
Feasibility of research. For example, can't western theories explain China's problems? Or can the same question be used in different ways?
Theory to explain? Or is the premise and logical deduction of the theory itself flawed? By answering these questions, I
Students find their own foothold in research. However, we should also pay attention to whether it is possible to complete our research within one or two years.
Become? Is data acquisition feasible? Wait a minute.
Finally, how to state the problem? In essence, stating the problem is the process of condensing the core idea. Views should come from the present.
Think and sum up practical problems, rather than "cutting feet and fitting shoes" in order to establish a theory. Political, Economic and Social Development in China
How to express a dynamic and rich scene with appropriate terms and accurate logic? ambitious
Beginners often come up with grand concepts or frameworks, but my suggestion is to narrow the scope of research as much as possible and clarify the research objects.
So as to clarify the memory logic of the object and ensure the completion of standard learning in a limited time.
Surgical paper. For example, "China semiconductor industry policy research" is a very vague statement, we can look at it from several aspects.
Short title: (1) time: from 1980 to 2000; (2) Target: government rebels and decision makers.
Behavior, not market, enterprise, governance structure, etc. (3) Perspective: elite research in politics and government theory; (
4) Case: Project 908, Project 909, Document 13, Electronic Revitalization, which occurred in 1980-
Two major projects and two important documents in the field of semiconductor policy in 2000. With such a clear definition, we will
Focusing on the obvious concepts of "policy process", "elite" and "* * * knowledge", the problem will be solved easily.
Get out. At the same time, the problem is clear, and we have a clear standard when screening information and materials. In this "information"
Redundancy era can greatly improve the research efficiency.
Second, how to do literature review
First of all, we need to combine "literature review" with "background description"
Description) ". When we choose to study a problem, we need to know the background and future of the problem.
The dragon goes to the pulse, such as the development course of semiconductor industry in China and the policies and problems of developing semiconductor industry by foreign governments
And so on, these contents belong to "background description", focusing on practical problems, rather than "literature review" in a strict sense.
It focuses on practical problems, rather than "literature review" in a strict sense. "Literature review" is a summary of academic viewpoints and theories.
Arrangement of methods. Secondly, literature review is very important (review means "review"), so you should carry it with you.
The author summarizes and comments on the literature with his own critical thinking, not just academic research in related fields.
The accumulation of research. The main line of comments should be based on the problem, that is, how other scholars view and solve it.
Are there any defects in their methods and theories? If other scholars have solved it perfectly
There is no need to study your problem repeatedly.
The significance of literature review is clarified. Now let's talk about how to do literature review. Although, collect information as widely as possible.
Responsible research attitude, but without standards, it is easy to lead people into the quagmire of literature.
Tip 1: aim at the mainstream. Mainstream literature, such as core journals, classic works, research papers of full-time departments, etc.
Literature review is a "compulsory course". It is related to most mass media.
Reports or notes, though of some value, can be simplified due to the limitation of time and energy. How to find out the mainstream in this field?
? Suggestions are as follows: 1. After finding one or two "classic" articles in Chinese and foreign academic journals in the library.
"Follow the trail" and pay attention to their references. High-quality academic articles usually don't ignore the main topics in this field.
Stream, classic literature. The second is to use "China Periodical Network", "Foreign Periodical Database Search" and the foreign language library in the school library.
Some early classical documents can be found in the reading room. The third is the National Library, and some of them are from the 1970s and 1980s.
School libraries often don't collect social science books published in the 1970 s or even earlier, but there are many national maps (domestic)
All published books must be submitted to the National Library). Not only that, Guotu also has a lot of research on China politics.
Foreign language books of the government are easy to find on the Internet.
Tip 2: organize at any time, such as classifying documents, recording document information and collection locations. When I was writing my doctoral thesis
After a long time, some documents may not be used at that time, but they can't be found after thinking about it, so sometimes there are many records.
This is necessary. Servant Luo accumulated a list of books to study China's policy process, and especially recorded the book classification number and collection.
Scheduled location. At the same time, for particularly important documents, you might as well make a reading note and extract important viewpoints and expositions.
. In this way, one step at a time, when I really started writing my thesis, I accumulated a lot of "dry goods" that I could enjoy at any time.
Tip 3: Organize the literature review according to the problems. After reading some documents, we have a strong desire.
Everything you see has a statement, just like "pouring beans out of a bamboo tube", magnificent, magnificent. As if you had to
Prove to readers that you have tried. I wrote a literature review of hundreds of thousands of words, and later found that only a few thousand words were really meaningful.
Words. Literature review is like opening a road in the jungle of literature, aiming at the problems we want to solve.
Of course, the problem is that the straight line distance is the shortest and the most convenient, but there are many scenery along the way, and people who are obsessed with the scenery often take a detour.
In the winding jungle, the opposite "flowers are more and more attractive" and "winding paths lead to secluded places" are nowhere to be found. So, I'm doing a literature review.
When you speak, you should always keep a clear head: what problem do I want to solve, how do people solve the problem, is it meaningful,
Do it.
Third, how to write the opening report
The problem is clear, the literature review is done, and the opening report is ready. The same is true, as clear as a bell.
Questions often imply the basic conclusions of the paper; Comments on the shortcomings of the existing literature also basically suggest improvements.
Direction. The opening report is to clearly show the logical reasoning of these implied conclusions and argumentation conclusions.
The purpose of writing the opening report is to ask teachers and experts to help us judge whether this problem has research value.
Whether this research method is possible and whether there are obvious defects in this argument logic. Therefore, the main content of the opening report
The content should be based on "research purpose and significance", "literature review and theoretical space" and "basic arguments and research methods"
, "Data Collection Methods and Work Steps". Among them, "basic arguments and research methods" are very important.
Point, many people often spend a lot of ink on literature review, but when it comes to their own research methods, there are only a few words, one.
In this case, how does the judging teacher judge your research prospects? How do you give your research methods?
Give practical guidance and suggestions?
The research methods of different topics are quite different. A rigorous and standardized academic research must be rigorous.
Fan's method is to support. In the daily teaching of doctoral courses, some teachers are committed to teaching research methods; Some of them are sudden.
The problem of discussing methodology is put forward. This will help each of us to improve our understanding, understanding and choice of research methods.
And put it into practice in my own thesis work.
The above content is reproduced on the network.
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Because the opening report is the general idea of the paper embodied in words, it doesn't need to be too long, but it should include two parts: general introduction and outline, so as to clarify the main problems of the planned research, how to study and the application of the theory.
1 overview
The general part of the opening report should first put forward the topic, and briefly explain the purpose of the topic and the current related research.
Situation, theoretical application, research methods, necessary data, etc.
2 outline
The outline of the paper included in the opening report can be very thick, which is a basic framework for research ideas. It can be in the form of a whole sentence or an outline. In the opening stage, the purpose of the outline is to let people know the basic framework of the paper, and it is not necessary to be as detailed as the paper catalogue.
3 references
The opening report should have a list of relevant references ~ ~ Our teacher said that there should be at least 10 documents, of course, the more the better, but not more than 20.
4 requirements
The opening report should have a cover, with a total of not less than 4 pages.