Biochemistry laboratory is an important laboratory in medical secondary vocational schools. The safety problem of biochemical laboratory is to study how to avoid students' personal injury, equipment damage and environmental damage during the experiment. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the potential safety hazards in the laboratory, establish the safety prevention mechanism in the biochemical laboratory and strengthen the safety education in the laboratory.

1 analysis of unsafe factors in biochemical laboratory

According to Heinrich's disaster theory model [1] in the United States, the safety hazards in the experiment process are mainly unsafe environment and unsafe behavior. Unsafe environmental factors refer to the unsafe conditions of instruments and equipment, supporting facilities, chemicals and other factors, and unsafe behavior refers to the unsafe factors of people.

1. 1 environmental factors

1. 1. 1 physical factors

Physical factors refer to unsafe factors such as mechanical equipment, pressure vessel, water source, power supply and light source radiation.

1. 1. 1 Instrument safety accidents mainly refer to instrument injury and equipment damage. Instrument injuries are mainly caused by insufficient funds or insufficient attention to biochemical laboratories in some schools. Some instruments and equipment are aging, but they are still in use, which is the main safety hazard. In addition, secondary vocational school students' quality drops obviously after entering school without examination, and they often do not operate instruments according to normal operating procedures, resulting in instrument damage and accidents.

1. 1. 1.2 compressed gas containers, such as hydrogen, oxygen and liquid ammonia, which are commonly used in biochemical laboratories of pressure vessels, collide during handling, are improperly placed (close to heat sources or exposed to sunlight), or are improperly used in autoclaves, which can easily cause accidents such as fire, explosion, poisoning and environmental pollution.

1. 1. 1.3 fire Some schools have outdated power supply facilities, aging lines, or overloaded operation, which may easily lead to short circuit fire, or some experiments need to use alcohol lamps for heating, and improper use may also lead to fire.

1. 1. 1.4 floods sometimes, forgetting to turn off the tap when the water is stopped during the experiment, or putting the precision instrument near the window and forgetting to close the window when it rains, will cause damage to the experimental instrument.

1. 1.2 chemical factors

Unsafe chemical factors include flammable, explosive, highly toxic and corrosive chemicals.

1. 1.2. 1 There are many dangerous reagents used in biochemical experiments, such as flammable alcohol, methanol, ether, explosive chloroform, picric acid, highly toxic drugs such as cyanide, and commonly used highly corrosive drugs such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and ammonia water.

1. 1.2.2 chemical pollution will produce a lot of toxic and harmful gases or chemical waste liquid during the experiment. If it is not handled properly, it will pollute the environment or groundwater, and untreated experimental animals will also cause virus transmission or environmental pollution.

1.2 Human factors

1.2. 1 laboratory manager coefficient

Experimental instructors or laboratory managers are not responsible enough, neglected in management, or lack the necessary knowledge of laboratory safety precautions in management ability, and fail to investigate the potential safety hazards in the laboratory before the experiment, or fail to educate students on the safety of laboratory instruments and drugs, all of which will cause safety accidents.

1.2.2 student factors

Nowadays, students are weak in safety awareness and curious. Even though the teacher gave the students laboratory safety education before the experimental class, some students did not operate and use instruments and drugs according to the regulations, and lacked the knowledge of correct handling after the danger occurred, which led to major accidents.

1.2.3 management system

The school laboratory safety management system is lacking, and the laboratory safety management is not simply waterproof, fireproof and anti-theft. Biochemical laboratories need professional laboratory managers to correctly manage and use biochemical instruments, strong acids, strong bases and some flammable and explosive drugs.

2 biochemical laboratory safety management measures

2. 1 Improve the laboratory safety management system

Biochemical laboratory is an important laboratory in medical secondary vocational schools, especially an important place for experimental teaching of medical laboratory and other majors. In order to ensure the safety of experiments and the smooth progress of experimental teaching, we must formulate a series of corresponding safety management systems, such as: post safety responsibility system, safety emergency plan, laboratory accident handling methods, management methods for the safe use of pressure vessels and precision instruments, treatment methods for "three wastes" in laboratories, management systems for flammable, explosive and highly toxic drugs, and regular investigation of laboratory safety hazards. In all kinds of safety systems, it is especially necessary to strengthen the construction of post responsibility system, clarify the post, and the responsibility lies with people, so as to prevent mutual prevarication and delay. With a good management system, it is necessary to set up professional managers to register the recipients of harmful reagents and ensure that the responsibility is implemented to people [2], so that the safety management of biochemical laboratories can be guaranteed.

2.2 regularly check the unsafe hidden trouble.

In order to ensure the safety of the laboratory, in addition to a sound management system and professional managers, laboratory managers are also required to regularly check the hidden dangers of the laboratory to prevent them from happening. According to Heinrich's disaster model, the indirect cause of accidents is environmental factors, poor management is the root cause of accidents, and the direct cause is people's unsafe behavior. Therefore, the core content of safety management in biochemical laboratories is to check the unsafe state of the environment, prevent unsafe behaviors of people and block accidents.

2.3 Develop a laboratory safety plan

In biochemical experiments, we will come into contact with some flammable, explosive, corrosive or highly toxic drugs every time. In order to prevent accidents, it is necessary to take www.LWlm.coM measures, equip the laboratory with general drugs and first-aid kits for treating injuries, and provide first-aid training and safety training for relevant laboratory personnel, so as to deal with safety accidents in the laboratory in a timely and reasonable manner [3-4]. The safety plan has prepared the possible dangers in the laboratory, including the treatment scheme of fire, flood, chemical burn and glass instrument cut, the emergency treatment of general poisoning and the treatment of electric shock accident.

2.4 scientific management, strengthen environmental awareness

Some experimental waste liquid is very corrosive, and some residual samples are infectious. If it is not handled properly, it will do great harm to people or the environment. Therefore, the management of experimental emissions is an important aspect of laboratory safety management. According to the spirit of "Notice on Strengthening Laboratory Pollution Management in Colleges and Universities" (J.T. [2005] No.3) issued by the Ministry of Education and the State Environmental Protection Administration [5], firstly, the laboratory pollution management should be incorporated into the daily work plan of the school; Secondly, the laboratory should use non-toxic, harmless or low toxic and harmful reagents; Thirdly, the discharge of pollutants in the laboratory should be regulated, treated regularly according to regulations, and discharged only after it is confirmed to meet the safety discharge standards, so as to prevent the occurrence and spread of environmental pollution incidents.