Original works:
Ailian said.
Zhou Dunyi [Song Dynasty]
The flowers of land and water plants are very fragrant. Tao Jinyuan clearly loves chrysanthemums. Since Li Tang came, people all over the world have loved peonies. Love lotus alone, dirt-free, clear but not demon. Straight outside, not crawling, fragrant and clear. It is slim and elegant, so you can look at it from a distance without looking ridiculous.
Want to call chrysanthemum, the hermit of flowers; Peony, blooming with wealth; Lotus, the gentleman of flowers. Hey! The love between chrysanthemums and flowers is rarely heard after Tao. Who gave the lotus love? Peony love is suitable for many people.
Vernacular translation:
There are many kinds of flowers and trees on the water and land, which are worth taking care of. Tao Yuanming only loves chrysanthemums in Jin Dynasty. People all over the world have loved peony since the Tang Dynasty. I only like lotus flowers. It grows out of the mud, but it is not polluted. It has been washed with clear water, but it doesn't look attractive. Its stem runs through the middle, its shape is straight, it has no branches, its fragrance spreads far away, it is more fragrant, and it stands straight and clean. You can see it from a distance, but you can't play with it.
In my opinion, chrysanthemum is a hermit in flowers; Peony is a rich person in flowers; Lotus is a gentleman among flowers. Alas! The love for chrysanthemums was rarely heard by Tao Yuanming after that. Who else loves lotus flowers as much as I do? Of course, there are many people who love peony.
Comment on words and phrases:
It's worth it
Fan: A lot.
Tao Jin Yuanming only loves chrysanthemums; Tao Jin Yuanming only loves chrysanthemums. Tao Yuanming (365-427), whose word is Qian Liang, calls himself Mr. Wu Liu, and is known as Mr. Jing Jie in the world. He was born in Chaisang, Xunyang, Eastern Jin Dynasty (now Jiujiang County, Jiangxi Province) and was a famous poet in Eastern Jin Dynasty. Is a famous hermit. He loves chrysanthemums alone and often praises chrysanthemums in his poems. For example, in the poem "Drinking", "Picking chrysanthemums under the hedge and seeing Nanshan leisurely" has always been called a famous sentence. Only, only, only.
Since Li Tang came, the world has loved peony very much: since Tang Dynasty, people have loved peony very much. People in the Tang Dynasty loved to eat peony, and there are many records in ancient books. For example, Li Zhao's "Tang Shi Supplement" said: "The capital is expensive, the peony is respected ... Every Spring Festival Evening, horses and chariots are crazy ... for profit, a book is written by tens of thousands of people." Li Tang refers to the Tang Dynasty. The emperor of the Tang Dynasty was surnamed Li, so he was called "Li Tang". The world, the average person in society. Since, since. Very, very, very "sheng".
Yu (yú): Me.
One: auxiliary words, used between subject and predicate, cancel the independence of sentences and have no practical significance.
Silt: Silt accumulated in a river ditch or pond.
Pollution: Pollution (dirt).
Zhuó: wash.
Lián: Microwave clean water, which means clean water here.
Demon: enchanting. Beautiful but not dignified.
Straight outside: (its stem) is hollow inside and straight outside. Pass, empty. Straight and straight.
Màn: no branch, no branch, no branch. Vines, nouns used as verbs, give birth to branches and vines. Branches, nouns used as verbs, long branches.
Xiang Yuan Qing: Xiang Yuan is more fragrant. Far, adjectives as verbs, far, large spatial distance. Benefits, more, more.
Elegant and clean planting: stand upright and clean. Elegant and towering appearance.
Yes, you can.
Xiè: Close but not solemn.
Play: play.
Yan: auxiliary words.
Say: think.
Hermit: A recluse. In feudal society, some people did not want to go along with the rulers, so they lived in seclusion.
Gentleman: refers to a person with high moral character.
Hey: interjection, equivalent to "ah"
Chrysanthemum love: love for chrysanthemums. Yes, yes. One is "the sign of the object in advance". The following Love of Lotus is the same as Love of Peony.
Fresh (xi m: n): less.
Smell: I heard.
Who is the giver: Who else loves the lotus like me?
Suitable for many people: there should be many people (who love peony). "One", "Dang" and "Hu" have clear meanings here. Lots and lots.
Appreciation of works:
This paper is divided into two parts: the first part describes the noble image of hibiscus; The second part reveals the metaphorical meaning of the lotus, comments on three flowers and expresses the author's deep sigh for the lotus itself.
The first sentence is "the flower of land and water vegetation, very sweet." The choice of the word "cute" includes all kinds of fragrances, which shows that it is not a deliberate job search, but a clever gesture.
Then describe "Tao Jinyuan loves chrysanthemums alone". Tao Yuanming refused to bend over for those five buckets of rice. After he retired, he drank wine and wrote poems, enjoying the pastoral pleasure of "picking chrysanthemums under the hedge and seeing Nanshan leisurely". "Love Chrysanthemum Alone" shows Tao Yuanming's elegant, fragrant and proud personality, and also makes the question clearer: Tao Yuanming can love chrysanthemums to express his feelings, why can't I love lotus flowers alone?
After writing "Since Li Tang came, the world has loved peonies", he wrote about the kindness of the people in the Tang Dynasty, especially the ruling class. These words seem to be repetitive, but in fact they deepen the meaning, and this sentence makes the sense of contrast stronger, paving the way for them to seek the nobility of lotus. Zhou Dunyi's love for lotus flowers is different from Tao Jin Yuanming's love for chrysanthemums. In order to keep a noble and pure life, he would rather die in Nanshan. He wants to be a gentleman in the world. This mentality of staying innocent in a dirty world and seeking truth from the world alone is essentially different from the herd mentality that everyone envies wealth. This paves the way for Ailian's theory of "getting out of the mud without being stained".
Then the author put down the pen and said, let those people love what they love. "Give the lotus a kind of muddy but not dirty, clear but not demon ripple, straight through, not crawling, fragrant and clear, graceful and pure, looking from a distance, not ridiculous." This series of narratives effectively render the beautiful posture of the lotus, the superior virtue of purity and freedom, and especially its respectable but unobtrusive demeanor. The author of these metaphors has the noble character of "emerging from the mud without being stained, lingering and not going". In fact, what he means is that officialdom is dark, so it is as difficult for you to maintain noble character in officialdom as it is for a lotus to emerge from the mud without being stained. This is also a summary of his experience as an official, because he doesn't want to go along with it. And "clear ripple without demon" is just a good wish of the author. He was an honest official, washed unjust imprisonment several times and was the master of the people. In his later years, he settled in Lushan Mountain, wrote books about Ming Dow, led an honest and clean life, and cared about his life. This is the embodiment of his personal commitment and lofty aspirations. This is the key point that this essay can deeply infect people's ideological interest.
Next, the author compares and evaluates the different characters of the three flower symbols: (1) Chrysanthemum is also a hermit of flowers; Peony, blooming with wealth; Lotus, the gentleman of flowers. "Originally, flowers have no personality, but in the author's eyes, lotus flowers are close to chrysanthemums, but they are not lofty and aloof, and seem to be a hermit who escapes from reality; It is not as enchanting and charming as peony. Lotus is not polluted because of the dirty reality, but washed with clear water without coquettish. What a gentleman in a hundred flowers. In addition, lotus is sacred in Buddhism. Both Tathagata and Guanyin take lotus as their seats. Tang Buddhism's "Three Treasures of Respect for Buddha" says: "Therefore, all ten Buddhas are muddy; All three people woke up and sat on the lotus platform. "The author's poem" Lotus "also said:" The Buddha loves me and loves me, and the butterfly does not steal. Generally clear and unsightly. "With reference to this essay, the interests complement each other.
Finally, the author comments on Hua and then comments on "love": "Hey! The love of chrysanthemum flowers is rarely heard after Tao; Who gave the lotus love? The love of peony is suitable for all ages! " Deeply sigh: there are few true hermits, few sages and many villains who follow the trend to poke the door of wealth in today's world; In this world of mortals, how many like-minded people can go together to eradicate this social chronic disease? Let's use flowers as a metaphor first, so that we can compare the characteristics of flowers with people. Although plain-looking, it can be compared with people. Then, they can be used to describe Tao Yuanming's mentality of avoiding the world and pursuing wealth. Although there is inevitably a kind of lonely sorrow between the lines, it is meaningful and mercilessly whips those unscrupulous people. Here, Zhou Dunyi is arrogant, and his mentality of seeking purity without conformity is commendable in the secular world. He lamented that because the world is getting worse and worse, most people are defiled by the world.
By praising the lotus, the author expresses his yearning for a beautiful ideal, his worship of noble sentiments and his hatred of the mediocre world.
Creative background:
According to Deng Xianhe's Zhou Ziquan's Book and Qing Dynasty's Chronicle, "eight years have passed. On the seventh day of the first month, Mr. Wang went to Hangxian as the capital and invited Yuhang Qian (Tuo) and Siming Shen Xiyan to visit the stone and write poems. In May, I wrote "Ailian Shuo", Shen Xiyan's book, and five seals. Money goes to stone, that is, fifteen days. " Mr. Wang is forty-seven, that is, eight years of Jiayou (1063).
"Ganzhou County Records" records Ailian Academy, saying: "Ailian Academy is in the north of the city, and its place was originally an inspection office, with the remains of Zhou Maoshu's lotus pond." There is also the entry of Ailian Pavilion: "Lianxi Academy was originally in the northeast, but it was left in the Jade Deficiency Temple ..." These records fully prove that Lianchi was built by Zhou Dunyi when he was a former state general from the sixth year of Jiayou in the Northern Song Dynasty (106 1) to the first year of Zhiping (1064).
About the author:
Zhou Dunyi (10 17- 1073), also known as Maoshu, was named as Daozhou Yingdao (now a native of Daoxian County, Hunan Province), a philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty. He loved reading when he was young, and he was ambitious and knowledgeable. After that, he learned the Book of Changes with the support of relatives and friends. Zhou Dunyi is the founder of China's Neo-Confucianism, and his Neo-Confucianism plays a connecting role in the history of China's philosophy. However, his official position was not high and his academic status was not prominent. After his death, his disciples Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi became famous and his talents were recognized. Zhu's academic status was finally confirmed by his admiration, and he was called the founder of Neo-Confucianism.