With the establishment of British constitutional monarchy, the process of enclosure movement has been accelerated, and a large number of proletarians and unemployed people have appeared. At the same time, overseas trade and the development and creation of colonies concentrated a lot of wealth in the hands of the British bourgeoisie. In addition, the theoretical innovation of classical mechanics, thermodynamics and mechanics also laid the foundation for the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution did not happen by accident in Britain, but it had profound political, socio-economic and scientific and technological preconditions. As well as a large number of unemployed people, the British bourgeois revolution in the middle of the18th century overthrew the feudal autocracy in Britain and established a constitutional monarchy based on the alliance of the bourgeoisie and the land aristocracy, thus becoming the first country in the world to establish the bourgeoisie as the fundamental political rule. The bourgeoisie used state power to accelerate the implementation of policies and measures to develop capitalism, which promoted the rapid formation of various preconditions for the industrial revolution.

The British industrial revolution began in the 1960s in 18 and basically ended in the middle of 19.

In terms of production technology, the industrial revolution made the factory system replace the manual workshop, and the machine replaced the manual, which created great productivity. When humans entered age of steam, Britain became the "factory of the world".

Labor: As far as social relations are concerned, 1. The industrial revolution made the yeoman peasant class attached to the backward mode of production disappear, and the industrial bourgeoisie and the industrial proletariat formed and developed.

The industrial revolution made the capitalist mode of production finally overcome the feudal mode of production.

3. People's ideas and lifestyles have been changed, and a large number of rural people have flocked to cities, which has promoted the process of urbanization.

4. Humans have moved from agricultural civilization to industrial civilization.

World pattern: create advanced west and backward east, make the east subordinate to the west, and accelerate the semi-colonial process of backward areas in Asia, Africa and Latin America.

Impact on China: 1. Britain launched two Opium Wars, and China began to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

4. China has become a dumping market for commodities and a plundering place for raw materials by foreign powers, and has been forced to be involved in the world capitalist market.

3. The appearance of advanced China made people see the world and learn from the west.

The first industrial revolution originated in Britain, and then spread to major countries in Europe and America, with epoch-making historical significance, which had an unprecedented profound and enormous impact on the evolution of human society. It laid a solid material foundation for the nascent capitalist system and promoted the industrialization of European and American countries, from agricultural countries to industrial countries. It provided a historical opportunity for Britain and established its position as a "world factory" by taking advantage of the pioneer of industrialization. The industrial revolution has brought progress and happiness to mankind, but it has also brought new contradictions and challenges to mankind.

Capitalism has created productive forces in less than 100 years, far exceeding the sum of previous centuries. It has promoted the development of social productive forces and brought about new changes in industrial layout; Causing major changes in social relations; Have a great impact on the world pattern.