When all walks of life are paying attention to China's "three rural issues" and worrying about breaking through the "three rural issues", have we ever thought of Marx? Have you ever thought about Consulting Capital, the first classic of Economics of the Poor? It is true that Das Kapital is not an encyclopedia to cure social and economic diseases, nor is it a manual to teach people to get rich. However, under the condition of socialist market economy, its position, viewpoint and method can guide the poor out of the predicament, move towards a well-off society and enter the golden road of prosperity. What I want to point out in particular is that when I revisited Das Kapital in connection with solving the problems concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers in China, I gained many new inspirations. Here, share it with economic managers and colleagues, and welcome the criticism of colleagues and netizens. In sublating physiocracy, Marx put forward a series of scientific viewpoints on agricultural issues, and today, these long-forgotten theoretical viewpoints still shine. This is of great practical significance for understanding the current Scientific Outlook on Development in China and solving the problems concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. How to understand the status of agriculture? It will always be the foundation of economy and society. In Marx's Das Kapital and its manuscripts, agriculture has always been his concern. Agriculture came into his field of vision from different angles: first, when he inspected the evolution history of economic relations, he analyzed the problem of agricultural ownership; Second, when talking about the position of agriculture in the national economy, he analyzed the basic role of agriculture; Thirdly, when he analyzed primitive accumulation of capital and the transformation of capital form, he analyzed agriculture and its land rent. In the abstract sense, Marx defined the position of agriculture in the economic society on the dual methodology of history and logic. When discussing the issue of land rent, Marx emphasized the basic role of agriculture in the national economy. He said, "As agriculture (it is the foundation)". "Agricultural labor productivity that exceeds the individual needs of laborers is the foundation of all societies." He also pointed out: "Agricultural labor is not only the natural basis of surplus labor in the agricultural field itself, but also the natural basis for all other labor departments to become independent labor departments, thus creating surplus value in these departments." [i] He even regards the agricultural sector as a necessary sector for social productive labor. From the perspective of the history of economic development, he pointed out that "a certain stage of agricultural development, whether domestic or foreign, is the foundation of capital development." In fact, Marx emphasized that agriculture is the foundation from the vertical direction of historical development, that is, the angle of industrial evolution and differentiation and the horizontal direction of national economy. This strategic vision still has the highest point in epistemology. The so-called agriculture is "the foundation of capital development", and the market economy that emphasizes capital creation must be based on sufficient productivity of agricultural development and supported by the high development of agriculture itself. Today, when we interpret this passage, I think it means that without modern agriculture and affluent rural areas, there would be no modern market economy. To develop China's market economy, we must start with agriculture. Reviewing China's long-standing national policy of "agriculture is the foundation of national economy" is also the practice of this theory. The process of modern industrialization should never be to despise and abandon agriculture, but to promote this basic industry to a new height of agricultural industrialization modernization. To treat agriculture, I think I need inner respect. Agriculture is of special significance to China. Although the economic function of agriculture is basically the same in different countries, for China, the per capita land is only a little more than 1/3 of the world average, which means that one seventh of the world's land feeds more than one fifth of the world's population. Land, which is mainly responsible for people's food sources. In other words, the proportion of food supply in land is higher than that in most countries in the world. For countries with more land per capita, they can have the functions of cash crops, processing raw materials, viewing, traveling and leisure, and may also have leisure functions. Since the per capita arable land in China is only 1.59 mu, it must be remembered that its main function is to provide food rations for China people. Cloning foreign land use structure and imitating countries with more land per capita to engage in urban construction, especially real estate, are doomed to be unworkable. If we insist on operating with economic rights in a short-sighted way, the historical price we will pay in the future will be heavy and even disastrous. The following famous saying must not be forgotten: Anarchism is revenge for opportunism. Fortunately, the central government has always attached great importance to agricultural issues. It has always been the tradition of the party that the secretary attaches importance to agriculture. Since the reform and opening up, the so-called "No.1 Document of the Central Committee" has become the key word to attach importance to agriculture and has been endowed with the significance of the times. How to understand the prospect of agriculture? It will always be sunrise industry, sunset industry and evergreen industry. For a long time, there is a popular view that agriculture is a declining sunset industry. In fact, this view has misled the agricultural development of China to a great extent and must be abandoned. Agriculture is the starting point of the whole human economic development. China philosopher said that food is the most important thing for people. In basic necessities of life, food is fundamental because it is related to the maintenance of human life. The initial foundation of agriculture will not disappear or weaken because of the development and differentiation of industry, industrial revolution and new technological revolution. No matter the vicissitudes of the world, human demand for agricultural products will never change, and human dependence on agriculture will never change. In developed countries, agriculture is in China.

The decline in the proportion of the civilian economy and the reduction of the agricultural population to below 15% cannot explain the decline of agriculture itself and the bleak industry. On the contrary, it shows that the application of contemporary science and technology in agriculture has made this industry younger. In developed countries such as the United States, Britain, Japan and Germany, only a few percent of workers in the country provide agricultural and sideline products for the whole society, and even export them in excess. Is this evidence of sunset agriculture or sunrise agriculture? This conclusion is extremely clear. In Marx's theoretical system, agriculture has never been regarded as a sunset industry of agriculture. When criticizing Malthus' theory of diminishing agricultural income, he passionately based on the continuous invention and creation of science and technology, emphasizing that agriculture will not decline, but will be promoted by the progress of science and technology. Later, more than 100 years of agricultural development practice completely confirmed Marx's prediction that year. What we want to emphasize here is that Marx reveals the essential feature of agriculture in any society from a unique perspective: sustainable regeneration. He pointed out: "The process of economic reproduction, regardless of its special social nature, is always intertwined with a natural reproduction process in this sector (agriculture)." The sustainable regeneration of agriculture comes from the synchronization of agricultural economic process and crop life cycle renewal process. In this process, economic production and biological life renewal are intertwined synchronously, and the reproduction and regeneration of life endlessly drive the continuous regeneration of agricultural economic production process. In this way, the energy in the process of agricultural reproduction is taken from nature and reduced to nature, forming a perfect and sustainable process, * * * * * * * * * * *. It is precisely because the economic process of agriculture is synchronized with the natural reproduction process that agriculture first benefits from the large-scale utilization of natural forces, much earlier than industry. "This kind of productivity, this stage productivity as a prerequisite for departure, must first exist in agricultural labor, thus showing the gift of nature and natural productivity. Here, in agriculture, the assistance of natural forces-improving people's labor force by using and developing automatic natural forces-has a wide scale from the beginning. In industry, this large-scale utilization of natural forces appeared with the development of large industries. " [2] Obviously, natural productive forces are repeatable and renewable, and the social and economic costs are very low. So far, there is still a lot of room for development in agriculture in terms of large-scale utilization of natural forces. Since the economic process of agriculture is synchronized with the reproduction process of nature, we must pay more attention to nature in agricultural production and carry out agricultural production and development scientifically according to the law of self, instead of developing agriculture in a way that belittles nature, goes against nature or even destroys it. This gives us a new understanding of agriculture and new thinking: agriculture is by no means a sunset industry, it is an eternal evergreen industry and a sunrise industry that will never change. The so-called agricultural sunset industry theory, I think this is a false concept of western economics. Many scholars of development economics at home and abroad, Chen Xiangyin, spread the wrong information without thinking or argumentation, which is really a blasphemy to agriculture. The so-called sustainable Scientific Outlook on Development should start from the new understanding of agriculture and the new concept that farmers are the watchmen of this sunrise industry, so as to enter the correct path to break through the three rural issues. How to know farmers? Recognizing its labor ownership is the premise of capitalist market economy. Labor ownership is the natural right of farmers, and capital can buy labor in the market. The labor force can be freely controlled by workers, which is based on the freedom of workers. Marx pointed out that only when farmers can freely control their own labor force and working conditions, "it will fully develop, it will show all its strength, and it will obtain appropriate typical forms." Rich labor comes from the vast number of free farmers. In the early stage of the development of western capitalism, farmers became workers because of the separation of farmers and land. In China, it comes from the transfer of rural surplus labor. As we know, the great success of rural reform in China is, first of all, the liberation of farmers, so that farmers who used to be placed on the land like plants and could not move freely have become workers who can choose their jobs freely in the market economy. This is achieved by abolishing the people's commune system and implementing household contract management. For the first time, farmers have their own land, and they can control their own labor force and carry out business activities independently, which greatly stimulates and mobilizes their enthusiasm and creativity. In this process, farmers' own labor force has been recognized. If talents are * *, labor ownership is the core natural right and the core of labor rights. The practical significance of recognizing the ownership of labor force lies in that it provides a new idea for China's economic reform and directly provides a theoretical basis for the formation of mixed ownership. In the era of network economy, due to the promotion of the role of intellectual workers in enterprises, labor ownership enjoys the same rights as capital ownership to new economic achievements. However, as ordinary migrant workers, their labor ownership has not been respected. To a great extent, their natural rights have been greatly ignored by capital. All kinds of discrimination against migrant workers in economic life, such as lowering wages and deducting wages, and poor working environment, are contempt for labor ownership. What needs to be pointed out in particular is that the current household registration system is still a shackle imposed on migrant workers and an unequal identity discrimination. Equal civil rights have become the main obstacle for migrant workers to work and settle in cities. A member of the China People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) in Beijing dares to take the world by storm, and his proposal attempts to establish an "access system" for migrant workers to live in cities. As soon as the news came out, it was immediately countered by a flood on the Internet, showing the excitement of public anger! In Beijing, the floating population is almost 1/3. Therefore, recently, it has been suggested that the migrant population should be kept out of the city, the cost of hiring foreigners should be increased, and the opportunities for hiring foreigners should be reduced. Housekeeping services and catering services should be undertaken by laid-off workers in Beijing, reducing the number of low-quality personnel entering Beijing, raising the cost of living and imposing accommodation restrictions. Individual housing of residents who do not meet the requirements cannot be rented at will.

There are also restrictions on low-income foreigners entering Beijing, and so on. [6] Beijing is still so, and the treatment of migrant workers in other cities can be seen. How to understand the deep development of agriculture? Pursuing differential land rent II is the focus and direction of deep agricultural development. Marx's exposition on expanding reproduction and expanding reproduction, differential rent ⅰ and differential rent ⅱ not only provides strategic ideas for the development of agricultural industrialization and agricultural value-added, but also provides strategic ideas for the sustainable development of urban real estate industry.