Analysis on the application prospect of operational research in logistics system 049407 1233 Teacher Hou Lufeng: Bai Xiaojuan Abstract: This paper briefly introduces operational research and logistics system and their relationship, introduces several aspects commonly used in logistics field at present, and makes some thoughts on the further application of operational research in logistics. Keywords: operational research; Logistics system; Prospect one. The original meaning of Operational Research and logistics system is operational research, operational research, operational research and operational research, which is translated into operational research. It is generally believed that operational research was first developed in Britain and America during the Second World War. At first, it was mainly used in the military. Later, with the development of economy, operational research was applied to economic and other fields. Personally, operational research should be defined as an applied science that must be used in the field of management, using mathematical methods and tools (including probability statistics, mathematical analysis, linear algebra, etc.). ) According to the problems that need to be managed, plan the organization, planning and scheduling of people, finance and materials, and make decisions to make the system run optimally. According to the characteristics of its research problems, it can be divided into deterministic models (linear programming, nonlinear programming, integer programming, graph and network, dynamic programming, etc. ) and probability model (probability models mainly include game theory, queuing theory, storage theory and decision theory, etc. ). Its characteristic is: 1. Operational research has been widely used in the overall coordination of industrial and commercial enterprises, military departments, civil affairs and other research institutions, so its application is not limited by industries and departments; 2. Operational research not only carries out creative scientific research on various operations, but also involves the actual management of organizations. It has strong practicability, and should eventually provide constructive suggestions to decision makers and receive practical results; 3. It aims at overall optimization, and tries to solve the conflict of interests among all departments of the system in the best way from the perspective of the system. It can be regarded as an optimization technology to find the optimal solution and the best action plan for the studied problem, which provides an optimization method to solve various problems. Logistics system: consists of transportation, warehousing, packaging, loading and unloading, distribution, distribution processing, logistics information and other elements, which are organically related and have the function of rationalizing logistics as a whole. Logistics system is a subsystem or component of social and economic system. Like general systems, logistics systems have three functions: input, conversion and output. Through input and output, the system exchanges with the social environment, which makes the system and the environment interdependent. Transformation is a characteristic system function of this system. The logistics system has five goals, namely, the capacity required by the established logistics system, namely, 1 and the service goal. 2. Fast and timely goals. 3. Save the target. 4. Scale optimization goal. 5. Inventory reconciliation target. Second, the relationship between operational research and logistics system. Judging from the time when they came into being, both of them were valued and developed by the military during World War II. At the same time, there must be their connection. Functionally speaking, operational research is used to solve the optimal allocation of resources, and the main function (goal) of logistics system is to pursue fast, timely, economical and reasonable logistics services. This happens to be a coincidence. To this end, the two are closely linked from the beginning to the present, infiltrating each other and developing crosswise. Although the development of logistics lags behind operational research for a period of time, with the continuous development of global economy, the application of operational research in logistics system is also expanding. The homework of operational research is also constantly being highlighted. Third, the application of operational research in logistics system At present, operational research has been widely used in logistics system, which has solved many practical problems and achieved good results. To this end, we simply look at the application of logistics system. We analyze it according to the content of operational research: (1) planning theory: mainly study the problems related to arrangement and estimation in planning management. Generally, it can be summarized as seeking the optimal scheme according to a certain measurement index to solve the extreme value (maximum or minimum) problem of the objective function under the constraint conditions. Therefore, in the logistics system, linear programming is used to solve the problems of material scheduling, distribution and personnel allocation. Integer programming solves the number of people needed to complete the work, the number of machinery and equipment, the location of factories and warehouses; Dynamic programming solves the problems of optimal path, resource allocation, production scheduling, inventory control, equipment update and so on. (2) Graph (network) theory is an ancient but very active branch, which is the basis of network technology. The founder of graph theory is mathematician Euler. 1736, he published his first paper on graph theory, which solved the famous problem of the Seven Bridges in Konigsberg. Since 1950s, it has been widely used to solve engineering system and management problems. Through its own modeling ability, complex problems can be transformed into graphics and displayed intuitively, which can solve problems more effectively. The most obvious applications in logistics system are transportation problems, material scheduling between logistics outlets, selection of transportation routes during vehicle scheduling, delivery of distribution centers, product recovery in reverse logistics, etc. Using the knowledge of minimum spanning tree, shortest path, maximum flow and minimum cost in graph theory, the route with the least transportation time, shortest route or minimum cost is obtained. In addition, the location of logistics facilities such as factories, warehouses and distribution centers, the distribution of work, tasks and personnel in logistics outlets, and the updating of equipment can also be assisted by the knowledge of graph theory to make optimal arrangements. (3) Queuing theory: also called stochastic service system theory. After 1909, Danish telephone engineer A.K.Erlang began to study the queuing problem in a more general way, and achieved some important results. Queuing theory mainly studies the queue length, waiting time and service provided by various systems in order to obtain better service. It is a theory to study the phenomenon of random aggregation and dispersion of systems. Queuing theory is widely used in logistics, such as airport runway design and the number of airport facilities, how to ensure the use requirements of aircraft taking off and landing without wasting airport resources; Another example is the berth design of the terminal and the procurement of loading and unloading equipment, how to meet the loading and unloading requirements of port ships without wasting port resources; Another example is the number of warehouse keepers and logistics machinery maintenance personnel, how to ensure the normal operation of warehousing business and logistics machinery without wasting manpower and so on. These problems can be solved by queuing theory. (4) Storage theory, also known as inventory theory, mainly studies the theory of material inventory strategy, that is, determining material inventory, replenishment frequency and one-time replenishment quantity. Reasonable inventory can reduce the occupation of funds, reduce expenses and unnecessary turnover links, shorten the circulation cycle of materials and accelerate the process of reproduction. Every node in the logistics field: factories, ports, distribution centers, logistics centers, warehouses, retail stores, etc. Are more or less kept in stock. In order to minimize the total cost or maximize the income of logistics activities, most people use the relevant knowledge of storage theory to assist decision-making. (5) Quality control: it is to study and determine the fluctuation of quality by using the method of mathematical statistics, and adjust it in time to ensure that it fluctuates within a feasible range. Quality control technology is also often used in logistics systems. For example, in order to improve the service quality, logistics service companies control the time fluctuation range of loading and unloading of a truck under certain conditions. Another example is metering equipment, automatic sorting equipment, and automatic guided vehicles. When used in logistics operations, the measurement error and control error can also fluctuate within a certain range, and the control range can be established by quality control methods. Check and test these devices regularly, and adjust them in time if the test error exceeds the specified range. For another example, the products processed in auto production line by the distribution center according to customers' requirements have certain specifications and quality requirements, and the products should be sampled, inspected and controlled. (6) Game theory is also called game theory, and horse racing in Tian Ji is a typical game theory problem. As a branch of operational research, the development of game theory is only a few decades. The mathematician who systematically founded this subject is now recognized as a Hungarian-American mathematician and the father of computers-Feng? Newman. Game theory also plays a role in logistics system. With the help of mathematical analysis, experiment or empirical judgment, the decision-making behavior of choosing a reasonable and satisfactory scheme by qualitative or quantitative methods has been put forward. Such as production plan, material scheduling plan, choosing self-built warehouse or renting public warehouse, inventory quantity, etc. Four. Prospect of operational research in logistics system Since the reform and opening up, operational research has been more widely used, especially in the field of circulation. For example, linear programming is used to transport grain and steel products and Guangdong cement reasonably throughout the country. Many enterprises have also used operational research methods in job allocation, process arrangement and site selection, and achieved remarkable results. At the same time, it also created simple and easy "chart operation method" and "table operation method". At present, the logistics information system is being developed and applied in the field of logistics. Many enterprises integrate operational research into management information system, which increases the function of assisting decision-making, obtains obvious economic benefits, improves the management level of enterprises, and attracts the attention of enterprise decision makers and competent departments. From the relationship between them, it is not difficult to see that the two will continue to penetrate and cross, and the role of logistics in the logistics system will continue to be prominent. Realize "5S" * and overcome the constraints in the logistics system (such as quality service and cost constraints, etc.). ), we must consider how to provide efficient, high-quality and economical logistics services more effectively, and we must apply operational research to solve the logistics problems (planning problems, queuing problems, inventory problems, etc.) involved in the process from raw materials to semi-finished products to finished products to customers. Therefore, the prospect of logistics system will be optimistic, and it may be refined into a branch (department) of logistics service. Therefore, it should be applied reasonably and flexibly on the basis of traditional operational research. We should constantly apply logistics to logistics practice, and constantly improve the application of logistics through the inspection of logistics practice to make it perfect. Note: * ① Service requires that the goods are not in short supply, damaged or lost, and the cost is cheap; (2) Speed, which requires the goods to be delivered quickly at the place and time specified by the user; ③ Effective use of area and space (saving space). Although the land cost in China is relatively low, it is also rising. In particular, we must fully consider the effective use of urban area, gradually develop three-dimensional facilities and related logistics machinery, and realize the effective use of space; (4) Scale optimization should consider whether the centralization and decentralization of logistics facilities are appropriate, how to make rational use of mechanization and automation, and the use of computers and other equipment needed for information system centralization; ⑤ Inventory control. If there is too much inventory, more storage places will be needed, and there will be a backlog and waste of inventory funds. Therefore, it is necessary to control the inventory according to the demand changes of production and circulation. References:

Applicability and development of traditional operational research network. Application of operational research in logistics management Qin Mingsen's logistics technology logistics system composition-network logistics scientific system and operational research-network operational research to optimize supply chain management-network. Modern Logistics Operations Research Shen Jiahua Electronic Industry Press. Modern Logistics System and Management Yang Hairong Beijing Posts and Telecommunications Press