The new round of agricultural structural adjustment makes vegetable production face two great opportunities. One is that the grain reform and cotton reform provide space for the development of vegetables, and the other is that joining WTO can greatly promote the export of vegetables.
In recent years, the annual trade volume of vegetables in the world has been increasing, and the demand for vegetables in developed countries in Asia, Europe and the United States is also increasing. Take Japan as an example. In recent 20 years, vegetable imports have increased year by year, and 1996 reached 2.094 million tons. The main reasons are as follows:
First of all, people's diet structure has changed. At present, economically developed countries have entered a period of paying attention to healthy food, and the United States and European countries have rapidly changed their diet structure from meat-based to vegetarian. According to experts' prediction, the main food in 2 1 century will be green food.
The second is the weakening of vegetable production in developed countries. Because of the wide variety of vegetables, their production mechanization is low, and most of the field operations rely on manual operation, which is labor-intensive and belongs to labor-intensive products. As a result, the workers who grow vegetables in developed countries are not at ease to grow vegetables, many vegetable fields are barren and vegetable production is seriously weakened. In addition, after China's accession to the WTO, countries will abolish agricultural subsidies and realize the liberalization of world agricultural trade, which will inevitably prompt countries to rearrange agricultural production according to the principle of comparative advantage. Some developed countries, such as Japan, will reduce agricultural products that do not have comparative advantages, develop some crops with high mechanization and high scale efficiency, such as rice, and give up the market share of agricultural products such as vegetables with high production costs.
China is the country with the largest variety and planting area of vegetables in the world, with great export potential. For example, last year, China's vegetable export volume was more than 30 times that of imports, and its export volume was more than 50 times that of imports, which made it very competitive in the international market. Vegetable exports in Jiangsu Province 199 1 2.78 tons per year,140,000 tons in 995, 1998140,000 tons. Exports have multiplied, showing a strong momentum of development. During the period of 1998, the annual export of agricultural and sideline products such as vegetables in Jiangsu Province was about 600 million US dollars, while the export scale of vegetables in other coastal areas such as Fujian Province, Shandong Province and Guangdong Province was even larger, and the total foreign exchange earned was 2 times, 2.5 times and 3 times that of Jiangsu Province, respectively, with huge export potential.
Vegetables are the products with the largest export volume and the highest comparative benefit among China's agricultural products, and there are three price contrasts:
1, comparison of import and export prices. According to relevant data, in 1996, Laiyang County of Shandong Province exported vegetables120,000 tons and earned foreign exchange1500,000 US dollars, with an average foreign exchange earning per ton 1250 US dollars; In that year, Japanese vegetables imported from China reached 8 1.8 1 10,000 tons, with a value of142 million yen and a price of $ 654.38+0.509.3 per ton. In the same period, the CIF price of high-quality No.2 rice exported from Thailand was only $325 per ton, and the price of exported vegetables was 3.85 to 4.65 times that of imported rice.
2. Comparison of domestic and foreign trade prices. According to the statistics of the Market Information Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and China Customs, the export price of grain in China is lower than the domestic price, while the export price of vegetables is much higher than the domestic price. For example, 1993, the average export price of vegetables per ton is equivalent to 7800 yuan, which is 8 times the domestic market price.
3. Comparison of production and sales prices. According to the management practice of Jiangsu Haixing Group, the domestic purchase price of Japanese cucumber "long dish" is 0.7 yuan RMB per kilogram, and the export price is 1.83 yuan RMB after a little pickling and packaging, while the sales price in Japan after processing can reach 17 yuan RMB. The production and sales rate is 1: 2.6: 24. According to the information provided by Shandong Agriculture Committee, the domestic market price of strawberries is 2,400 yuan per kilogram 1.6 yuan, the income from value-added processing is 9,450 yuan, and the export income is 1.950 dollars.