1. Tampering with academic achievements: including fabricating or tampering with academic papers, research reports and other materials, and obtaining false academic achievements when obtaining a doctorate.

2. Plagiarism or plagiarism: including plagiarism of published works or research results of others, or plagiarism of research contents of others during doctoral research.

3. Forging experimental data: including fabricating or tampering with experimental data and fabricating or tampering with experimental results to obtain false experimental results.

4. False personal information such as academic qualifications and work experience: including fabricating or tampering with personal information such as academic qualifications, work experience and scientific research background to obtain a doctoral degree.

5. Others write, answer or cheat: including asking others to write doctoral thesis or answer interview questions, and cheating during the defense.

Fraud will seriously damage the reputation of applicants and academic institutions, and may lead to the cancellation of degrees and legal liability.