-Take Tarim Populus euphratica Nature Reserve as an example.

The sharp increase of passenger flow and the appearance of various pollutants in eco-tourism areas directly threaten the environmental quality of eco-tourism areas.

In order to develop real ecotourism in nature reserves, the following concrete measures must be taken: perfecting ecotourism planning; Establish a high-quality tour guide team; Perfect management

System; Strict law enforcement; Strengthen pollution prevention and control; Carry out publicity and education on ecological science.

Keywords Xinjiang eco-tourism eco-tourism view

Although eco-tourism combines the content and tendency of environmental protection

Yes, but it's not as expected. The negative impact of tourism activities on the environment

The superficial influence has troubled the development of tourism to a considerable extent, which is manifested in the right.

Influence of ecological balance and environmental quality in eco-tourism areas. Because of the brigade

The involvement of tourists and vehicles has resulted in the structure and variety of animals and plants.

Change, turn to rely on the natural landscape to reproduce the life of wild animals.

It has become the obstacle of gene communication, the weakening of viability and the field of activity.

The limitations of. The substantial increase and various forms of passenger flow in eco-tourism areas

The successive appearance of pollutants directly threatens the environment of eco-tourism areas.

Quality. At the same time, the naturalness of natural resources and eco-tourism areas is also very important.

Have a certain impact. This paper takes Tarim Populus euphratica Nature Reserve as an example.

The development and utilization of eco-tourism are analyzed.

First, the emergence and development of ecotourism

(A) the emergence of eco-tourism.

The embryonic form of eco-tourism is "eco-tourism"

Tourism) ",proposed by Hejzl in 1965.

Open up new ideas (fennell, 1997). He thinks there are four kinds of ecotourism.

Key points: reduce environmental impact, enhance respect for local culture, and let nature take its course.

Local residents benefit and meet the entertainment needs of participants. In the 20th century,

In the mid-1970s, the Canadian government carried out ecological protection along the expressway.

Functional zoning, and carried out the practice of "eco-tourism".

Move it. And formally take ecotourism as an independent.

This term is defined by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) special issue on ecotourism.

Proposed by consultant Ceballos-Lascurain in 1983. at that time

Eco-tourism gives two main points. The first is the object of ecotourism.

It is a natural scenery; Secondly, the purpose of ecotourism should not be harmed.

Previously, there were many related words, such as "nature tourism (na2)"

Real tourism), wilderness tourism, adventure tourism.

Adventure tourism, green tourism, for

Alternative tourism, sustainable tourism (sustainable 2

Ability to travel), suitable for travel (assessed travel), since

Natural vacation, study tour,

Rural tourism (rural tourism), scientific tourism (science

Tourism), cultural tourism, low-impact tourism.

(low impact tourism), agricultural tourism (agricultural tourism),

Soft tourism and environmental protection.

Grimage) ".These forms of tourism are all related to nature.

The purpose is to reduce the impact of traditional tourism on the ecological environment or the local area.

Negative influence of culture (Ceballos-Laseurdin, 1996),

But eco-tourism seems to be a summary and generalization of the above tourism forms.

It is more theoretical and academic, and its connotation is richer.

In the context of the global crisis of human survival environment, with people

The awakening of environmental awareness, green movement and green consumption swept the world.

As a kind of green tourism consumption, eco-tourism has attracted the attention of the whole world once it was put forward.

There was a great response. In less than 20 years, the concept of ecotourism spread rapidly.

Global, its connotation is also constantly enriched. In view of the current living environment

With the deterioration of the situation, tourism began to be one of the key points of eco-tourism.

Eco-tourism is defined as "returning to nature tourism" and "green tourism"

Swim "; In view of various environmental problems in the development of tourism, brigade

Starting from the second point of eco-tourism, tourism defines eco-tourism as

"Protection tourism" and "sustainable development tourism". At the same time, countries around the world

According to their own national conditions, develop and form ecotourism with their own characteristics.

World Tourism Organization (World Tourism Organization Antioch,

WTO) designated 2002 as the "International Year of Ecotourism" and joined the United Nations.

United Nations Environment Programme 2.

Gram, UNEP), International Ecotourism Association (International 2

The National Ecotourism Association was established in May 2002.

Holding the "First International Symposium on Eco-tourism" strongly appeals.

Ecotourism should change from conceptualization to conceptualization, especially ecotourism.

Tourism developers and managers, they hold the concept of eco-tourism is

The key to solve many problems faced by eco-tourism today.

-view of nature. Eco-tourism is "relatively undisturbed"

Travel with polluted nature, enjoy natural scenery and feel.

History of the development of human civilization. "Ecotourism must be based on nature.

The foundation is to learn, appreciate and enjoy natural scenery and rare and endangered wild animals and plants.

Endangered animal and plant species and other specific uses, with less interference or pollution.

Tourism activities in dyed natural areas can be considered.

An economic trip within the scope of.

Eco-tourism needs to "travel with sincerity and feel relative"

Primitive rural environment and local culture, observing and getting close to wild animals,

Enjoy traveling without destroying local culture and natural resources.

Le ". Broadly speaking, it is to enjoy and be loyal to nature.

Real feelings and experiences awaken people's awareness of environmental protection.

-environmental protection concept. Lederberg and others think that "health.

Developing state-run tourism should be beneficial to ecological protection. "Eco-tourism process

We should be cautious about our feelings, understanding and improvement of nature in order to

In this way, there will be no environmental and social problems that may be brought about by traditional tourism.

Title. It will strive to establish a clearer awareness of environmental protection for every visitor.

Knowledge and socio-economic development and ecological conditions of tourist destinations

Make a positive contribution to improvement.

Fennell and others think that eco-tourism (or natural tourism).

It means that it can stimulate economic development and build a series of ecology.

Protected area. The main characteristics of eco-tourism are: uniqueness,

The attraction of nature to tourists. Put ecology

Tourism has developed into a tool to protect nature.

By raising awareness of education, welfare and environment, eco-tourism benefits local people.

Economic development produces economic benefits and provides jobs and employment for local people.

Opportunity.

The forms of eco-tourism are diverse and innovative, such as self-help tourism.

Helping tourism, new tourist routes, etc. If we understand and manage this correctly.

Management is conducive to the protection and sustainable development of natural and human environment.

Exhibition. Advocates of eco-tourism believe that since eco-tourism is a kind of

A "friendlier and more elegant" tour does not need to be large-scale and concentrated.

Sexual development, so as not to cause the deterioration of the ecological environment, but as far as possible.

Let people contact and experience the wonders of nature more, and then know.

Recognize the value of the environment and protect it, and protect those who are destroyed.

The harsh environment to be repaired.

-Economic prospects. Visk is going to be born.

State tourism is described as "low-interference tourism, focusing on feeling the local culture."

And undeveloped natural landscape ". Eco-tourism should be a kind of

Mode, that is, taking natural areas as the basic part of developing tourism, which

Biological resources in China are closely related to social economy. through

Through local investment and the participation of local residents, small-scale and gradual.

Development provides a way to protect the environment and promote economic development.

Opportunity. Ecotourism pays attention to the environment in a special way.

It is characterized by combining the similarities and differences between natural resource protectors and tourists.

Point, while supporting the development of tourism, * * * pays attention to and protects nature.

Ecosystem. Therefore, eco-tourism also reveals a management method.

That is, relying on the participation of local residents to establish and protect ecological teams.

Tourist areas, strengthen management through marketization, and then go to tourist destinations.

Socio-economic development and improvement of ecological conditions,

As Kinnard said, "Eco-tourism or nature tourism.

It goes without saying that there will be no or almost no impact on the environment.

Ring, thus deducing an ideal of developing economy and protecting the environment.

Answer. "

Price pointed out, "Eco-tourism is a kind of tourism based on

The phenomenon of sustained global economic growth not only

Occurring in the center and periphery. In the central region, industry and agriculture

Development will generally cause the destruction of the ecosystem and the deterioration of the environment; stay out

Around, the economy is declining, commodity prices are falling, and foreign debt is increasing.

Canada forced the government to choose economy and give up ecological protection. "

The above understanding of eco-tourism is helpful to strengthen the negative side

Understanding of tourism, but many of them are normative descriptions, especially the environment.

Protectionists, professional organizations or scholars are based on their behavior towards tourists

From observation and research. Define ecotourism.

At that time, conservationists and environmentalists may attach great importance to it.

Pay attention to the protection of eco-tourism and ignore the victory of private enterprises.

Profit motivation and the reality of business society, such as labor market and economic sector.

Relevance, global competition, etc.

-Strategic trends. Since the concept of sustainable development in 20

Since it was put forward in 1980s, it has been gradually welcomed by all walks of life in the world.

Recognition, especially 1992 World Conference on Environment and Development.

After the Rio Declaration, sustainable development has become the world's solution to development and development.

Guide to environmental relations. Therefore, the World Tourism Organization, World Tourism

The Council and the Earth Council have formulated "About World Tourism"

2 1 century agenda industry puts forward the development idea of sustainable tourism.

Eco-tourism is one of the best choices for sustainable tourism.

(B) the development of eco-tourism

1. Primary development stage.

In the early 1980s, the concept of "eco-tourism" was revised.

Type, and recognized by tourism and nature protection, some have been

Forward-looking tour operators gradually realize the potential benefits of ecotourism.

Manage, lease or buy local land and set up an ecological team.

Library, providing tour guide service, has achieved good benefits. At the same time,

Underdeveloped countries have also begun to realize that ecotourism can make money on the one hand.

On the other hand, taking foreign exchange as an example, compared with other resource users such as logging and agriculture,

Eco-tourism can protect and protect the types that are less destructive to the resources themselves

The combination of development will meet the needs of tourists and improve local social welfare.

Benefit, so eco-tourism has been identified as protection and realization.

Means of setting goals. In order to fully understand tourism development and environmental protection

And social development, wwf 1987.

With the support of USAID in Costa Rica, Domi

10 National parks in Nicaragua, Ecuador, Mexico and other countries.

Or ecotourism in nature reserves, and

1990, a book introducing this achievement, Ecotourism, was officially published.

Tourism: Hope and Trap. This is also the time for eco-tourism in China.

Rise during the period. 1982, the State Council approved the establishment of the first batch of countries.

Level scenic spots, the establishment of the first national forest park, although

It is proposed that tourism development should be organically combined with ecological environment protection.

Come, but the concept of eco-tourism is still relatively strange, in this country.

Documents of that period were very rare. Generally speaking, the ecological brigade at this stage

As a concept of business innovation, tourism has just emerged, and its operating rules are as follows

In the process of continuous improvement, local investment in protecting tourism revenue is also increasing.

Not much.

2. Rapid development stage.

In 1990s, with the development of ecotourism in some countries.

Successful practice of economists, more and more organizations, government departments and researchers.

Members, enterprises, local residents and non-governmental organizations participate in eco-tourism.

In practice and exploration, the concept of ecotourism is constantly clear and perfect, and it is diverse.

Principles and frameworks are constantly being established. In many successes or failures

On the basis of case analysis, people's understanding of ecotourism is also

Deeper and deeper. During this period, many monographs summarized the local ecology.

Experience in tourism development, such as catering (1994).

Eco-tourism: a sustainable choice? In the book, I introduced the East.

Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Antarctica and other countries and regions.

General situation of ecotourism development.

A more comprehensive concept is the Australian Federal Tourism Department.

1994, barkley (r.

Buckley) defines eco-tourism as nature-based tourism,

Sustainable development tourism, environmental protection tourism and environmental education tourism

The overlapping part points out that ecotourism is based on nature and includes

And education, interpretation and management of the natural environment to make it ecologically sustainable.

Sustainable tourism. "Valentine cut from four aspects.

Eco-tourism: (1) based on unpolluted natural areas;

(2) Ecological sustainability, without causing environmental damage or degradation of environmental quality.

Health; (3) It has a direct contribution to the sustainable protection and management of tourist areas;

(4) the responsibility of protecting the ecological environment.

1At the end of 1994, the first eco-tourism seminar was held in China.

China tourism association Eco-tourism Professional Committee was established at the meeting.

1June 1996, held with the support of the United Nations Development Programme.

Hold an international symposium on ecotourism in Wuhan to carry out ecotourism research.

Push research into practice. 1997 65438+ February, which is closely related to eco-tourism.

The seminar on sustainable development of tourism was held in Beijing, and it was recognized that

Eco-tourism plays an important role in ensuring the sustainable development of tourism in China.

Want meaning. 1999 is the year of eco-tourism in China, and the cloud has been launched.

"Ecological Environment" Series Represented by South Kunming World Horticultural Exposition

Tour "activities, held a series of eco-tourism seminars such as world tour.

"Eco-tourism" organized by Tourism Organization and China National Tourism Administration in Kunming

Advanced Seminar of China Branch of Kunming International Society of Landscape Ecology.

China Symposium on Ecotourism and Landscape Ecology,

China tourism association Eco-tourism Professional Committee was held in Beijing.

Seminar on ecotourism planning and management. These meetings have been fully publicized.

It has promoted the influence and development of eco-tourism in China.

In 2002, Wood held the first international ecotourism research conference.

It was pointed out that ecotourism is one of the fields of sustainable tourism.

Its components include: (1) it is beneficial to the protection of biodiversity;

(2) To maintain a good living environment for local residents; (3) Obtained by interpretation

Cognitive experience; (4) Whether for tourists or tourism,

Any action must be responsible; (5) Small business owners

To perform surgery for minority groups; (6) The requirements for non-renewable resources are the most.

Low consumption; (7) Emphasize local participation and the importance of tourism.

Opportunities brought by campers, especially local residents.

3. Connotation and connection of ecotourism.

This paper expounds the concept of "eco-tourism" from different angles.

The connotation of eco-tourism is introduced. From this, we can sum up the relationship with ecotourism.

Departmental ideas, such as environmental protection trip, social responsibility trip, teaching.

Education trip, low-impact trip, eco-cultural tourism, lasting/non-consumption.

Type tourism, etc.

Second, the advantages and disadvantages of developing ecotourism in Tarim Populus euphratica Nature Reserve

Surface impact analysis and protection measures

First of all, let's take a look at the comparison between traditional tourism and eco-tourism.

And the positive and negative effects on ecotourism development in Tarim Populus euphratica Nature Reserve.

Impact analysis, then we can see the natural protection of Populus euphratica in Tarim.

Necessity of developing eco-tourism in this area

(1) positive impact analysis.

1. Social welfare.

The development of ecotourism will create more employment opportunities for local people.

Will promote the adjustment of industrial structure in protected areas and surrounding areas, and promote people

It is necessary to change ideas and promote the all-round development of local economy and society. In addition, the brigade

The combination of tourism, publicity and education and community management not only gives people

Children experience the spiritual enjoyment of nature, generate economic benefits and expand the surrounding groups.

Many people have a sense of protection, forming a virtuous circle of "protection-utilization-protection"

The ring. Due to the improvement of economic conditions, traffic and communication have been increased in the reserve.

Investment in information, water, electricity and other infrastructure will improve the nature reserve itself.

Only with the development of economic vitality can the "protected areas" be finally realized.

Creating conditions is conducive to the virtuous circle development of nature reserves.

2. Economic benefits.

Tourism has brought great economic benefits to nature reserves. Ecological brigade

After the implementation of tourism, the annual number of tourists will reach about 500 ~ 65438+10,000, and it will be rewarded in the future.

Will increase year by year. Calculated by per capita consumption 800 yuan, it can create output value.

4 million to 8 million yuan, with an annual profit of 800,000 to 6.5438+0.6 million yuan.

And with the improvement of tourism infrastructure, the income will be more objective and secure.

The development, management and construction of nature reserves provide a strong economic pillar.

Enhance the self-development ability and social visibility of protected areas.

(b) Analysis of the negative impact of tourism in protected areas.

With the rapid increase of tourists, a lot of domestic wastewater, waste gas and waste are produced.

The slag discharged into the reserve pollutes water, atmosphere, land and landscape, which is also extremely

The earth affects the growth and development of animals and plants. Because of the weight of tourists and machines

As well as the trampling on the land caused by sports, a large number of tourists are in the scenic spot.

Aggregation will cause some damage to soil and vegetation, and serious damage may occur.

Soil hardening, compaction, water infiltration reduction and surface runoff increase, resulting in

Soil erosion increases, which in turn affects vegetation growth and destroys scenic spots.

In short, tourism has a negative impact on the animals and plants, the atmosphere and the water quality of the destination.

Interference and destruction.

Tourist protection zone, because of the entry of tourists, into Xu.

Many pollutants, such as discarded garbage, will affect the ecology of the reserve.

There are also hotels, restaurants and other service facilities and other entertainment places in the environment.

The facilities inevitably destroyed some of the surrounding landscape protection.

Building roads in this area will destroy the vegetation on both sides of the road. For example, in protecting

The scenic roads of 16.5km and forest fires of 13km have been built in this area.

Trains and railways. Populus euphratica nature reserve is located in an ecologically fragile area. Once it is broken,

Too bad, the ecological environment is difficult to recover.

With the development of tourism, the increase in the number of tourists will affect the service.

The development of business. In the case that local people can't meet the needs of tourists

Now there are a large number of people from other places doing business and working in hotels and restaurants.

As a result, the total population of the reserve has increased, which has a negative impact on the reserve.

Development brings adverse effects. The ecological balance of protected areas mainly depends on

The way and degree of human influence on the environment and resources of protected areas, as well as the great

Nature's ability to eliminate this influence. Only through a precise computing environment

Capacity and the number of tourists, according to the scientific and reasonable environmental capacity to control the tour.

Objective scale, realize the harmony between man and nature.

(3) Ecological environment protection measures in Tarim Populus euphratica Nature Reserve.

Stone.

The development of eco-tourism is more complicated than traditional tourism.

We should know and understand the true meaning of eco-tourism and prevent eco-tourism.

Tourism resources are degraded, and real eco-tourism is carried out in nature reserves.

The following specific measures must be taken:

1. Improve the eco-tourism planning.

The development of ecotourism in nature reserves must be planned and designed.

Protected areas should rationally plan functional areas, protect core areas and develop experiments.

Test area, buffer area and core area. The core area is the core area of protection,

It is the best place to preserve all kinds of native ecosystems, and it is also the place where animals are planted.

The best "shelter" for things. Adhere to the principle of sustainable utilization and earnestly protect it.

Protect biodiversity, strictly protect the core area and close it to the outside world.

Travel; Conduct scientific research and production in the experimental area; Travel in tourist areas

Tourism business, tourist spots and routes are strictly prohibited from crossing the core area. The root of each protected area

According to the actual situation, reasonably divide the functional areas and give full play to their functions.

Protection, tourism, publicity and education, scientific research and production functions.

2. Establish a high-quality tour guide team.

Train tour guides, guide tourists to browse activities and be tourists.

You can not only enjoy the charming scenery and cultivate your sentiment, but also learn from it.

Interesting stories about human history have increased the fun of playing and reduced it.

Play blindly. During the tour, the tour guide introduces the relevant environmental protection to the tourists.

Common sense makes tourism and environmental protection go hand in hand.

3. Improve the management system.

Improve the quality of managers, strengthen scientific management and formulate corresponding laws.

Laws and regulations. Construction of tourism facilities and tourism activities in nature reserves

The energy and materials consumed by electricity must be sustainable, and the number of trips should be reduced.

The negative impact of tourism on the environment. This is not only related to the tourism industry in the reserve.

Success or failure is also related to the protection of protected areas. Cultural protection area

Need a variety of management and technical personnel, protected areas should be based on their respective

The actual situation, gradually improve their own characteristics from the organizational structure.

Scientific management system, formulate various feasible rules and regulations, and gradually

Make management scientific and institutionalized.

4. Strictly enforce the law.

Strictly implement the laws on nature reserves and wildlife protection, and be firm.

Never stop poaching animals and deforestation.

5. Strengthen pollution prevention and control.

Strictly handle and manage the "three wastes" according to the requirements of environmental protection to prevent

Stop environmental pollution to maintain local high environmental quality.

6. Carry out publicity and education on ecological science.

Take various forms of ecological education for tourists, so that

The experimental area is divided into tourist areas. The nature reserve is divided into experimental areas.

Visitors know and understand the protected objects of nature reserves, and constantly improve.

Tourists' consciousness of ecological environment enables them to travel in the same way.

When, consciously take care of every tree and grass in the reserve. Establish "protection priority"

Follow the principle of "three controls" and give full consideration to nature reserves.

Do a good job in tourism according to the environmental capacity and environmental carrying capacity of tourism resources.

Tourism planning. Control the flow of tourists, rationally distribute tourism income, and protect

Eco-tourism in this area has become a kind of sustainable tourism.

Developing ecotourism in Tarim Populus euphratica Nature Reserve can not only

It can improve the ecological balance of protected areas and promote the surrounding areas.

Sustainable development of social economy. At the same time, it can also improve the surrounding residents.

Living environment, protect and build a green ecological barrier, and maintain ecological security.

It is of great significance to promote social stability and unity.

Bibliography:

1. Jin Jianming and Jin Dongxia: New ideas and ideas of ecological construction and protection.

Initiative [J], Journal of Ecological Environment and Protection, No.2, 2004.

2. Liu Jingyan, Yan Liang and Peng Shaolin: the development of eco-tourism concept and its response.

Use [J], Journal of Ecology.

3. Xia Lingen: "Tourism Green Management" [M], Shanxi Education Press.

Published in 2003.

4. Zhong, Zhao Shidong and Xiang: Principles and methods of ecotourism planning.

Law [M], Beijing, Chemical Industry Press, Environmental Science and Engineering Publishing Center.

Published in 2003.

5. Zhang Guangrui: Theory and Practice of Ecotourism [J], Journal of Tourism.

6. Wang Yuehua: "On the connotation of developing ecotourism" [J], "Ideological Front".

7. Dilibel, Abdullah and Hameithy Yimiti: Populus euphratica in Tarim.

Preliminary study on ecotourism development in Xinjiang forestry national nature reserve [J]

The third issue in 2006.

(About the author: Mehmud Muhammad is a lecturer at the Tourism College of Xinjiang University.

Hameithy Yimiti, Vice President and Professor of Xinjiang University

Stuck Jiang Aili, Assistant Professor of Tourism College of Xinjiang University)