Requirements for writing and submitting scientific papers Scientific papers should be innovative, scientific, reproducible, readable and normative. (1) Innovation: This is the first one. Without innovation, there is no need to write scientific papers. The so-called innovation means making new breakthroughs and discoveries in understanding, putting forward new theories, technologies and methods in application, and achieving remarkable research results. (2) Scientific: experimental data and reasoning must be rigorous and accurate; In the process of writing, you should think carefully and your argument should stand scrutiny. (3) Reproducibility: also known as repeatability. According to the experimental methods, experimental conditions and experimental equipment described in this paper, readers should be able to get the same results when repeating the author's experiments. But it should be clear that some proprietary content or content that should be kept secret should not be written in the text. (4) Readability: the text is fluent, the grammar is correct, the concept is accurate, the expression is clear, the argument is clear and the argument is sufficient. (5) Normality: it is in line with the provisions of regular submission. Writing 1 title of scientific papers is also called title and title. The title should use the logical combination of the most appropriate and concise words to reflect the most important specific content in the article. The title should be concise, accurate and eye-catching, and the first contact between readers and literature retrieval is the title. Every word of the topic should be carefully selected, and the least used word reflects the most accurate content of the paper. According to GB77 13—87-87, the title generally does not exceed 20 words. Therefore, it is forbidden to describe the content of the paper point by point with complete words with subject, predicate and object structures; We should also avoid being too general to reflect the theme of the paper. However, in recent years, professional journals also have sentence titles, such as: GTP binding protein rholp is necessary for cell cycle process and cell polarization for one year. If the topic is difficult to be summarized in one sentence, subtopics can be used to supplement the specific practical information and lower-level content of the paper to make it accurate. 2 The author's signature should generally be listed under the title. The function of signature: it shows that the author has priority over the results and is the legal sovereign of the paper; Indicate the author's responsibility and be the person in charge of the paper; It is convenient for readers to contact. The Copyright Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) (199 1, 1 implemented in June) stipulates that "copyright belongs to the author"; Copyright includes "the right of authorship, that is, the right to show the identity of the author and sign his name on the work." At present, there are many problems in the signature of scientific research papers, which violate scientific ethics: (1) Some people did not participate in scientific research at all, but in order to achieve the purpose of evaluating professional titles, they took some improper measures to make their signatures. (2) Some people add the names of well-known professors who have not participated in any work related to this study in order to make the article published smoothly. (3) In order to publish their low-level articles in core journals, some people do not hesitate to take courtship and other means to write down the names of the staff of the magazine editorial department, so that their articles can be published smoothly. (4) Some papers are signed by more than a dozen people, from leaders at all levels to experimenters or custodians, regardless of whether they participated in the research work or not, all of them are listed, and interpersonal relationships are put in the first place. (5) Several people * * * participate in a research work. When writing a research paper, they all want to put their names first and even argue endlessly. Regarding the qualification of signature, the general views are as follows: ① The author should participate in the research work from beginning to end. The author should be able to reply to the research results. Authors must participate in the writing of research papers. The author must read the full text of the paper, agree to its publication, and bear all the responsibilities arising therefrom. Academician Zou Chenglu and others pointed out that the authors of scientific research papers must have an understanding of the whole process from topic selection, design, specific experiments to drawing necessary conclusions, and really make contributions to one or several specific links. Those who only take part in part of the experimental work can't sign their names, and the author can thank them by adding footnotes at the end of the article, because he can't be responsible for the research paper. Some famous scientists in China and some developed countries in the world sometimes plagiarize and tamper with data in their signed articles, which has a bad influence on the reputation of these scientists. Author's signature, responsibility first, honor second. The first author of a paper should generally be the main executor of the specific work, and sometimes he can also be the main designer of the whole research work or the main person in charge of a series of papers. The order of other authors' signatures should be based on submission. When scientific researchers submit excellent papers to important international academic journals, they should follow the international practice, that is, the rule of first name before surname, in order to avoid the embarrassing situation of China scientists in international exchanges; Avoid the confusion when international colleagues cite China scientists' papers. The author department indicates the author unit mainly for the convenience of readers to contact the author. Ask for a copy, discuss an idea, invite a lecture, etc. At the same time, it also provides the responsible unit for his works. The signer should write the full name, plus the postal code, write it under the author's name and print it in smaller font. The authors of the paper come from different units and need to be clearly marked with different symbols or Arabic numerals. Some publications require that the author of the communication be indicated in the footnote on the first page, and the fax number and e-mail address should be provided. Graduate students, advanced students, visiting scholars, etc. It should be signed by the unit where they finished the paper. The author should sign his name with a symbol and add a footnote to the lower left of the first page of the paper to explain his current unit. 4 (Abstract) 4. 1 Abstract Purpose All academic journals that are officially published and distributed to the outside world require that the investigation reports, experimental methods, technical articles, review articles and research papers in the journals be accompanied by Chinese and English abstracts. This can make readers understand the research results of the article with less time and energy. Research progress, existing problems and lessons. English abstracts can also introduce the main contents of articles to foreign counterparts who do not understand Chinese, thus playing the role of international academic exchanges. It is also the need of retrieval work, which is sorted out by Abstract Periodical Society to make it a second-class document. 4.2 The composition of the abstract is generally composed of the following three parts: (1) Research Purpose: Briefly describe the research purpose, research content and problems to be solved. (2) Research Methods The experimental methods and basic steps adopted in this study are briefly introduced. (3) The research results briefly describe the main findings and conclusions of the experiment and the value of the paper. 4.3 The position of the abstract should be placed under the title of the article, the author's name and the work unit, so that readers can understand the content of the article before reading and decide whether to continue reading. With regard to English abstracts, at present, some professional journals in China put the abstracts above the text under the title, some at the end of the article, and some put all the abstracts on the last page of the journal. Traditionally, English abstracts are best placed after Chinese abstracts and before the text. 4.4 The length of the abstract should not be segmented. However, the abstracts of long reports and dissertations can be segmented. The number of words in the abstract depends on the need. Generally, Chinese manuscripts are about 250 ~ 300 words; English manuscripts should be printed with 1 000 symbols, which should not exceed 3% of the full text in principle. When writing an abstract of a paper, we should try our best to write the contents of the paper and the main elements of understanding these contents into the abstract. 4.5 Abstract Writing Many people are used to using "this article" and "this research" as the beginning of the abstract when writing the abstract. From this research paper, these words have no information and should be deleted. We should write in the past tense of the third person instead of "our school …", "my institute …" and "our hospital …" in the first person. The academic value of writing research papers should be realistic and objective. 4.6 Translation and Writing of Abstracts UNESCO stipulates: "No matter what language is used, scientific papers published all over the world must be accompanied by a short and concise English abstract." Therefore, all the officially published academic journals in China have added translated English abstracts to their articles, thus accelerating international academic exchanges. At present, English abstracts of academic papers in domestic journals should be printed on one page, so that international colleagues can know more about China's scientific and technological achievements.