Practice Report on Garden Tree Cultivation in Lin Nan

-Experience after tree cultivation practice

I. Internship time: July 4, 2005-July 8, 2005.

Practice location: Nanjing campus, park, square green landscape plant area.

Practical purpose: Through the study of plant changing pots, transplanting and planting big trees in parks, and later maintenance management, combined with the theoretical knowledge in the classroom, we can better learn and apply the knowledge of tree cultivation.

Instructor: Yang Xiulian Reporter: Li Dandan Student ID: 0292 108.

Second, the internship route

Nanjing Forestry University Arboretum-Nanjing Baochuan Shipyard Ruins Park-Tree Species Investigation-Nanjing Riverside-Nanjing Stone Town-Nanjing National Defense Park

Third, the internship process.

During the five-day field practice, we learned the pot-changing technology of mallow plants and carried it out by ourselves.

In order to change pots, it is important to watch the planting, maintenance and management of trees in the park. The following are

Focus on the report, and finally appendix a tree questionnaire, which is also an important part of the internship.

This paper mainly introduces the planting and maintenance of trees.

In cultivation, as the saying goes, "plant three tubes and seven tubes", and all the plants planted in greening are living plants.

Many units often have high planning and design standards and low level of construction and maintenance when landscaping, which leads to short-term prosperity. Therefore, in the process of landscape construction, we should pay attention to the planting and maintenance management of green tree species.

1, planting green seedlings

In principle, seedlings should be transplanted during dormancy, usually in spring and autumn. Spring sowing should be sooner rather than later; In autumn, seedlings are usually raised at the end of defoliation at 10. Special circumstances should be treated specially, such as seedling emergence in summer, which should be carried out in the early morning, evening or night, and should be planted with the seeds.

In addition to paying attention to the season when transplanting trees, there are three problems to be paid attention to when planting:

(1) Intensive cultivation

Intensive cultivation is required for the soil, and the land used for afforestation is often not cultivated land, which needs deep ploughing with a depth of 40 cm ~ 50 cm to loosen the soil and increase the capacity of water storage and moisture conservation. The soil preparation should be meticulous, and horizontal ditches should be made according to the requirements of ditch planting, which is convenient for irrigation and beautiful.

(2) Selection of tree species

It is necessary to consider that the color, shape and charm of the branches and leaves of trees should be in harmony with the surrounding environment to beautify them. We should not only consider the special functions of trees in anti-pollution, anti-virus, air purification, etc., but also consider whether tree species adapt to soil properties, such as strong moisture resistance and wide cultivation distribution of willow. The barren soil can be planted with elm, pine, cypress, cuckoo, etc. Poplar and Juglans mandshurica can be planted in places with thick soil layers; Saline-alkali land can be improved by changing soil and planting saline-alkali tolerant tree species, such as Tamarix chinensis, Hippophae rhamnoides, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Ulmus pumila, Populus simonii and Amorpha fruticosa. Seedlings must be strong and free from pests and diseases.

(3) Seedling raising method

1. Bare-root seedling method: This method is suitable for transplanting most broad-leaved trees in dormant period, and its advantages are relatively complete root preservation, convenient operation, saving manpower and material resources and convenient transportation.

2. Soil ball seedling method: the survival rate of planting is high, but its construction cost is high. When transplanting large seedlings, the diameter of soil ball is generally 2 ~ 3 times of the head diameter of the plant.

(4) Pruning of trees

Generally speaking, if you can't carry intact soil balls with you in the process of seedling emergence, you should cut off the old roots and rotten roots of the plants, dip the bare roots in mud, then wrap them with wet grass and straw bags, cut off the yellow branches and leaves before installation, cut off some stems or even cut off according to the integrity of the soil balls, and combine pruning and shaping methods to ensure their survival to the maximum extent.

(5) Packaging and transportation of trees and heels.

Transplanting trees with soil balls (DBH is generally between 10 cm and 15 cm) or packaging precious and difficult-to-survive trees. It can be packed with soft materials such as straw bag, gunny bag and nylon bag. In the process of packaging, pay attention to put the seedlings on the packaging material one by one, and supplement water between the roots. When the weight of the seedlings reaches 50 kg, roll the seedlings into bundles and tie them with ropes, not too tight, so that they can be ventilated and ventilated.

The transportation of seedlings should be rapid and timely to avoid transporting seedlings in windy days. Keep driving smoothly during transportation. When transporting for a long distance, you should stop in the shade and often spray water on the seedlings. Long-distance transportation, big seedlings must bring clods.

If the seedlings can't be planted in time, they must transplant them. In following the trend, the seedlings are inclined to the leeward direction, buried with wet soil, and stamped with their feet. Buried soil thickness is 30 ~ 40 cm. During the period of seedling replacement, attention should be paid to frequent watering and supervision. Coniferous trees generally adopt the method of full burial, that is, the seedlings are completely buried in the soil; Broadleaf trees usually bury 2/3 of the whole seedling.

(6) Planting trees

The diameter of the pit should be wider than the root of the sapling 1/3, and the sundries in the pit should be removed. The plant spacing depends on the purpose of the forest, such as 2 m× 2 m shelterbelt; Plant spacing should be as straight and symmetrical as possible; The tree is vertical; When planting bare-rooted seedlings, after burying the soil to a certain depth, gently lift the seedlings upward and water them after burying; When raising seedlings with soil balls, the soil balls shall not be broken.

(7), maintenance management

Water should be poured at least three times after planting, and the roots should be cultivated after watering; After the trees germinate, spray water 1 time for one or two days, observe and spray in time when the weather is dry, and mow the grass and loosen the soil frequently. When digging a pit, first apply base fertilizer at the bottom of the tree pit; After planting, manure or chemical fertilizer can promote its growth through furrow application or hole fertilization.

2. Greening and maintenance technical measures

(A) the management of green trees

In landscaping, the planting area of trees is not the largest, but it occupies the largest green space. The reasonable collocation of grass, flowers, shrubs and trees embodies the effect of three-dimensional greening. As the saying goes, "Trees are shaded and a hundred flowers blossom", which creates a good microclimate and a beautiful environment. In addition, many shrub trees can be trimmed and shaped after planting, and pavilions can stand in grasslands and scenic spots, and even have a three-dimensional sense of movement.

1, fertilizer and water management

The tree is tall, with developed roots and wide roots. When planting, you need to open a square hole of 0.8- 1.0 cubic meter and fill it with fertile exotic soil 30 cm higher than the flat land before planting. In fertilization, compound fertilizer is the main fertilizer, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in 1-3 young trees is 5: 3: 2. Trees older than three years are 3:2: 1. Fertilization frequency: within three years after planting, apply the compound fertilizer once a year at the beginning of spring, summer and autumn, each time1-2kg, with fewer young trees and more big trees. Fertilization method is: young trees combine with loose soil to apply liquid fertilizer, and big trees apply dry fertilizer in crown width. In principle, no fertilizer can be applied to tall trees for more than three years. Shrub species are small, mainly planted in shallow holes or ditches, with shallow roots. According to the soil and tree potential, proper application of compound fertilizer, liquid application combined with dry application, appropriate application of P and K fertilizers for flowering and fruit-watching shrubs, and appropriate application of N fertilizers for foliage shrubs. The water management of greening trees is mainly based on young trees, and the principle is to keep moisture and not pollute, and the topsoil is dry but not white. Tall trees, with deep roots and luxuriant leaves, will not affect their growth because of lack of water. Shrubs are short and their roots are short. Potted plants must be drought-resistant, moist and waterlogged to grow normally.

2. Tree management

Greening trees, through artistic design and careful management, is one of the keys to the success of greening. Trees require the trunk to be straight, and don't pull out the fixed anchor rod when planting prematurely, so as not to cause the trunk to bend. Adult trees should cut off irregular branches in time, and do not cut off windproof branches with large crown and small leaves. In case of strong wind and heavy rain, branches will be broken and uprooted, causing losses. Shrubs are required to be neat, tangible and orderly, and the tree shape is formed by continuous growth of trees and manual pruning, which can be pruned into spheres, squares, sectors, mushrooms, abstract patterns, lines, column piles and vertebral piles. And clean up the dead leaves in time.

3, tree pest control

The main pests of greening trees are longicorn beetle, psyllid, leaf miner, leaf miner, scale insect and scarab. In recent years, the damage of psyllid on trees and shrubs is more serious, followed by scale insects. Conventional insecticides, rapid culling and Jieteling can all achieve the control effect. The main diseases are root rot, powdery mildew and anthracnose. Commonly used prevention and treatment drugs are thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, anthrax and so on. The common concentration is 800- 1000 times. In addition to drug control, litter should be cleaned up frequently during cultivation to keep it clean, and at the same time, waterlogging should be removed after pruning if necessary.

(2) Maintenance and management of hedging

The maintenance and management principles of hedges are: to ensure the supply of fertilizer and water, to grow vigorously, to trim into hedges and walls, and to achieve the functions of viewing and isolation.

1, fertilizer and water management of hedgerows

Hedges should be trimmed frequently, which requires high fertilizer and water. When planting hedgerows at first, according to the width of hedgerows required by the design, dig ditches with a depth of 40 cm, and fill them with pure and fertile exotic soil, or mix a proper amount of decomposed organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer into the exotic soil for rapid growth after planting. The principle of fertilization is: the base fertilizer is sufficient for topdressing, nitrogen is the main fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium are combined, thin application is applied in several times, and it must be applied after cutting. If necessary, fertilize outside the roots. Water management, mainly based on moisturizing, the topsoil is dry but not white, and it can drain water after rain to prevent waterlogging, so as not to rot roots and affect growth.

2. Hedge pruning

Plane hedges, pattern hedges and case hedges are all trimmed by hand to meet the design requirements. The function of pruning: first, it inhibits the growth advantage of the top of the plant and promotes axillary bud germination, then the branches grow and the walls are full, which is beneficial to pruning and shaping. The second is to speed up the molding and meet the design appreciation effect. Pruning principle: from small to large, prune many times, smooth lines, and shape as needed. Generally, the design height of hedges is 60- 150 cm, and those exceeding 150 cm are tall hedges (also called green walls) to isolate the line of sight. The technical requirements for initial cutting and pruning are as follows: when the hedge grows to 30 cm high, pruning begins. Trim it into prototype 3-5 times according to the design type. Pruning time: after the second pruning, clean the cut branches and leaves, strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, and carry out the next pruning when the new branches and leaves grow to 4-6 cm. If the interval between trimming before and after is too long, the hedge will be deformed and must be trimmed. Noon, rainy days, strong winds and foggy days are not suitable for pruning. Trimming operation: At present, large hedge shears are mostly operated by hand, requiring sharp edges to be close to the hedge surface, without missing or repeated shearing, cutting more protruding parts with strong length and less concave parts with weak length, so that straight planes can be trimmed by drawing. Hedges of various shapes (round, ground, fan, Great Wall, etc.). ) according to the type of pruning, cut more at the top and less around. Setting and pruning: when the hedge grows to meet the design requirements and is set, all new branches and leaves will be cut off at one time to maintain the design specifications.

3, hedge pest control

Hedgerows of Zizyphus jujuba are often harmed by psyllid, liriomyza sativae and powdery mildew, while tea leaves in Fujian are harmed by wood, scale insects and powdery mildew, and Huang Xinmei has strong resistance to pests and diseases, with occasional psyllid. Conventional insecticides, fungicides, doxorubicin and carbendazim can effectively eliminate the above diseases.

(3) Maintenance and management of grassland

The principles of grassland conservation are: uniformity, purity, and evergreen all the year round. According to the data, under the general management level, green grassland can be divided into four stages according to the planting time. First, the stage from planting to complete growth refers to the stage from the initial planting of grassland to one year or full coverage (100% full of vacant land), also called complete growth period. The second is vigorous growth period, which refers to 2-5 years after planting, also known as vigorous growth period. The third is the slow growth stage, which means 6- 10 years after implantation, also known as the slow growth stage. The fourth is the degradation period, which means 10- 15 years after planting, also called the degradation period. At a higher level of protection and management, the grassland degradation period can be postponed for 5-8 years.

1, restore the management of the complete stage.

According to the design and technical requirements, weeds and stalks should be strictly removed from the ground bed of newly planted grassland, and pure foreign soil should be filled in to flatten and compact to more than 10 cm before turf can be affixed. There are two kinds of turf sticking: one is full sticking and the other is thin sticking. Generally, a square lawn with an area of 20 × 20cm is left blank, and the whole piece has no full-time cycle. It's just that the recovery period is 7- 10 days, and it takes some time for 50% of the open space of the sticker to be filled. The whole period of spring paste and summer paste is only 1-2 months, while the whole period of autumn paste and winter paste takes 2-3 months.

In maintenance management, we should focus on water and fertilizer management, stick anti-waterlogging in spring, sun protection in summer and wind and moisture protection in autumn and winter. Generally, water is sprayed once in the morning and evening within one week after the grass is pasted, so as to check whether the turf is compacted, and the grass roots are required to cling to the outer soil. Spray water every night for two to two weeks after sticking, and generally once every two days after two weeks depending on the season and weather conditions, mainly to moisturize. Fertilize once every half a month from one week to three months after fertilization, spray 1-3% urea solution, dilute it first and then concentrate it, then use 4-6 kilograms of urea once a month, dry in rainy days and liquid in sunny days, and mow the grass with a lawn mower when all the grass is 8- 10 cm high. Weeds should be removed within half a month after planting and in January at the latest. Weeds should be dug up and uprooted in time, and compacted after digging, so as not to affect the growth of main grass.

2. Management in a Prosperous Period

The second year to the fifth year after grassland planting is a vigorous growth stage, and the ornamental grassland is mainly green, so it is very important to keep green. Water management is based on the principle of dryness in spring and summer and wetness in autumn and winter. In the peak season, the growth rate should be controlled by controlling fertilizer and water, otherwise the mowing times will increase and the maintenance cost will increase. Mowing is the key point at this stage. The frequency and quality of mowing are related to grassland degradation and maintenance cost. Cutting times should be controlled at 8- 10 times a year, with an average of 1 times a month from February to September and 1 0/times a year in February of the following year. Don't miss cutting, clean the grass leaves in time after cutting, and moisturize and fertilize.

3. Slow and long-term management

In slow growth period, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened than in vigorous growth period, which can increase root fertilization. It is better to control the number of mowing in 7-8 times a year.

4. Management of grassland degradation stage

Water management, high dry and wet replacement, no waterlogging, otherwise it will aggravate the death of rotten roots and strengthen the inspection and prevention of pests and diseases. All dead parts can be replanted. The regeneration of degraded grassland is slow after mowing, and the mowing times are no more than 6 times a year. In addition, because the main grass is sparse and easy to grow weeds, it needs to be dug up in time. During this period, it is necessary to comprehensively strengthen management and effectively delay grassland degradation.

Fourth, the feeling of harvest.

Five days of engineering practice is over, but what I have learned in such a short time is not quantifiable. I memorized everything I saw, heard, felt, or used a pen with my heart, which I believe will provide immeasurable effect on my future study. . . . .

In fact, the key is to choose a good theme and see what you do most during your internship. Find the center and put it in the frame according to this.

Good luck! !