First of all, clear abstract requirements:

The paper you are writing may have specific guidelines and requirements, whether it is published in a journal, submitted in class, or as part of a work project. Before you start writing, please refer to the requirements or guidelines you received to determine the important issues to remember.

Secondly, the abstract should be independent

Is the abstract just a summary? In most cases, the abstract should be completely independent of your paper. Don't copy and paste the contents of the text, that is, don't quote your own original text directly, and avoid simply reporting your own sentences from other places you wrote. Write your abstract with brand-new words and phrases, so as to be concise and clear while keeping interesting and innovative.

Then look for core keywords.

After writing the paper, try to use 5-7 important words or phrases as the focus of abstract research. If your paper is published in a journal, people can search the core content of the abstract in the online database and find your paper easily and quickly. Moreover, such keywords can attract people's attention.

Then avoid irrelevant content.

It should be noted that the abstract cannot be divorced from the text, let alone contradict the content of the paper. Don't quote ideas or research that are not mentioned in your paper, and don't quote materials that are not used in your paper, otherwise it will be very misleading.

Finally, make basic changes.

Abstract is an article, and like other articles, it needs to be revised before it is completed. Check its grammar and spelling mistakes, and make sure it is in the correct format. Don't give examples, talk about the research process, use charts, give chemical structures, and make self-evaluation.