Chemical Engineering Thesis Mode 1: Teaching Reform of Inorganic Chemistry for Energy and Chemical Engineering Specialty
The specialty of energy and chemical engineering [1] is a discipline that uses the theory and technology of chemical engineering to solve the problems of energy conversion, storage and transportation, and serves human life by producing clean and efficient new energy. Inorganic chemistry is the first professional basic course in this major, and its teaching quality directly affects the training quality of applied and innovative talents. At present, there are many problems in inorganic chemistry teaching. For example, freshmen, who have just entered the university from high school, are very confused in the face of such an informative course. Faced with the trend of reduced class hours and large amount of information, teachers don't know how to grasp daily teaching. In addition, teachers' scientific research pressure and other factors also make them unable to devote themselves to teaching. Therefore, the reform and discussion of inorganic chemistry teaching is particularly important in the teaching process and talent training mode of this major. For example:
(1) School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy of Wuhan Institute of Technology reformed the teaching method of inorganic chemistry by optimizing the course content [2];
(2) Based on the important position of inorganic chemistry and the teaching purpose of inorganic chemistry, the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Qinzhou University constructed and discussed the multimedia courseware of inorganic chemistry [3]. Heze University is an applied local teaching-oriented undergraduate college. 20 12 successfully applied for the major of energy and chemical engineering closely related to the national strategic emerging industries. Our department has reformed and explored the teaching of inorganic chemistry mainly from the aspects of teaching objectives, teaching contents and modern teaching methods.
1 Clear and reasonable teaching objectives
According to the training objectives and modes of energy and chemical engineering specialty, combined with the characteristics of inorganic chemistry course, the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Heze University has set the teaching objectives of inorganic chemistry of energy and chemical engineering for 20 12 years. Through the theoretical basis and experimental practice of this course, students can master the basic knowledge and skills of inorganic chemistry and prepare for training high-quality workers and chemical professionals. At the same time, it also lays a solid foundation for learning professional knowledge and vocational skills in the future. This goal is mainly divided into the following aspects.
1. 1 knowledge target
It is mainly divided into three levels: understanding, understanding and mastering. Through the teaching of this course, students should understand: the diffusion law of gas, the velocity distribution and energy distribution of gas molecules; The concept and theory of reaction rate; The concepts of strong electrolyte dissociation, ionic atmosphere and activity coefficient; Particularity of microscopic particle motion; Lewis structure, isoelectronic principle, molecular orbital theory; Chemical power supply and electrolysis; Physical properties of halogen elements, metal halides, pseudohalides and pseudohalides, interhalides and polyhalides; Physical properties of sulfur and sulfide, elemental sulfur, hydrogen sulfide and bisulfate; Simple silicon, silane, silicon halide and oxygen-containing compound of silicon. Through the teaching of this course, students should understand and master: the equation of state of gas and the law of partial pressure of mixed gas; The first law of thermodynamics, the thermal effect of chemical reaction, thermochemical equation, Gass law, the concept and application of heat of formation, and the judgment method of chemical reaction direction; Effect of concentration on reaction rate; Principle and application of buffer solution; Balance and movement of precipitation and dissolution; Describe the movement of extranuclear electrons, the arrangement of extranuclear electrons, the periodic law of elements and the periodicity of basic properties; Valence bond theory, valence shell electron repulsion theory and hybrid orbital theory; Basic concepts: primary battery, electrode potential and electromotive force and Nernst equation; Chemical properties of halogen elements, chemical properties of hydrogen halide and hydrohalic acid; Physical and chemical properties of oxygen, oxides, ozone and hydrogen peroxide, and chemical properties of oxygen-containing compounds of sulfur. Master the chemical properties of nitrogen hydride and nitrogen oxide.
1.2 professional ability and quality objectives
The goal of ability is to cultivate students' modest character, studious habit and knowledge transfer ability; Cultivate students' good style of hard work and rigorous work; Cultivate students' ability to analyze and solve problems with materialistic dialectical thinking; Cultivate students' awareness of engineering quality and standardization, as well as rigorous and serious work attitude. In terms of professional ability, students can master the basic knowledge of the main properties, structure, existence, preparation and use of important elements and their compounds; Cultivate students' ability to independently carry out chemical calculations and use reference materials; Have the ability to draw characteristic curves by analyzing experimental data, write standard experimental reports and summarize them. The quality goal is mainly to cultivate students' good professional ethics; Cultivate students' work style of diligence, innovation and dedication.
2 rich and reasonable teaching content
2. 1 combine scientific research with classroom teaching to keep the cutting edge of teaching content.
The combination of scientific research achievements and classroom teaching includes two parts: First, in the teaching process, teachers can bring their own scientific research achievements into the teaching content. This requires teachers to carry out scientific research while teaching, and scientific research topics should also be closely focused on the teaching content, so as to better understand the frontier dynamics of the discipline, grasp it in depth, enhance the depth and breadth of teaching, and effectively improve the teaching quality [4]. In addition, teachers bring scientific research achievements into classroom analysis, organically combine scientific research achievements with teaching, and convey the latest knowledge and information to students. Scientific research promotes teaching and teaching promotes scientific research. Second, in the teaching process, combined with the development of disciplines, make full use of other people's research results, supplement teaching content in time, and build teaching materials. In addition, can it be used in teaching practice? Case teaching? Discuss and analyze specific scientific research cases, compare the advantages and disadvantages of various schemes and their reasons, and choose a reasonable scheme. In the process of project design, through the guidance of teachers, students can independently access information and carry out project research-based learning.
2.2 Build an open teaching environment for inorganic chemistry experiments, combining theory with experiments.
By making full use of the instruments, equipment and teachers in our department's basic laboratory and chemical experiment center, combined with the characteristics of our department's chemical energy engineering specialty and the teaching content of inorganic chemistry, we try to explore a perfect open inorganic chemistry experiment teaching mode, pay attention to the combination of experiment and classroom teaching, and carry out our department's experimental skill competition and inorganic chemistry innovative experiment design competition to stimulate students' learning enthusiasm and cultivate their innovative practical ability in the future. Implement the innovative research plan for college students, guide students to enter the teacher's research room for exercise in the next semester of junior year, participate in the research of topics, and cultivate students' innovative consciousness and practical ability; Encourage sophomores to participate in inorganic chemistry experiment skills competition and encourage students to carry out scientific and technological innovation; In addition, experts and scholars in the field of inorganic chemistry at home and abroad are invited to give academic reports to our department, so as to increase students' interest in scientific research, fully understand the frontier dynamics of inorganic chemistry and make preparations for future scientific research.
3 modern teaching methods combining multimedia with blackboard writing
In view of the situation that the teaching hours of inorganic chemistry are reduced and the amount of information is large, the traditional blackboard writing teaching method can no longer meet the needs of the times, and multimedia technology has been widely used in classroom teaching. On the one hand, the time saved on the blackboard can be used to explain the key points and difficulties, on the other hand, some inorganic chemistry demonstration experiments and physical images can be introduced into multimedia, which makes the boring theoretical teaching more vivid and intuitive and improves students' learning enthusiasm. However, only using multimedia has some shortcomings, such as the derivation of some formulas will be limited, so the combination of multimedia and blackboard writing will be more conducive to the derivation of formulas. In addition, it will also avoid the shortcomings that only multimedia teaching progress is too fast and students can't integrate. In a word, encouraging students to preview before class, combining blackboard writing with multimedia technology, can not only give consideration to teachers' teaching progress and students' mastery, but also give consideration to the breadth and depth of teaching and achieve good teaching results.
4 conclusion
Inorganic chemistry is the first professional basic course for students majoring in energy and chemical engineering, and its teaching effect directly affects students' enthusiasm for learning this major and their solid grasp of the basic knowledge of this major. Combined with the characteristics of energy and chemical engineering specialty in our department, it has certain reference significance for the teaching objectives, teaching contents and teaching methods of inorganic chemistry. We will continue to explore other aspects of inorganic chemistry reform in the future.
Model article 2 of chemical engineering paper: development trend of reservoir chemical engineering research
Promoting the research of reservoir chemical engineering in China is closely related to the social progress in China. In order to catch up with the research on reservoir chemical engineering in developed countries, China must greatly improve its development technology in this field and better promote the development of chemical engineering research.
1 research and development background of reservoir chemical engineering
One of the biggest crises facing mankind is the energy problem, and all countries in the world are worried about the oil problem. So far, mankind has only exploited about 1/3 of the total crude oil reserves, so reservoir development and efficiency improvement are the top priority for every scientific and technological worker. Half a century ago, the world's total demand for oil was increasing day by day. Workers use reservoir engineering principles to improve oil recovery to meet market demand, and at the same time promote the development of reservoir engineering principles. As an important part of petroleum engineering, reservoir engineering is mainly responsible for all kinds of research, which not only grasps the dynamic laws and principles, but also assists the development of drilling and oil production engineering.
2 tertiary oil recovery technology
Since the reform and opening up, the elites of the world oil industry have been working hard to improve oil recovery. Primary and secondary oil recovery mainly rely on methods such as autogenous pressure and gas injection and water injection, and tertiary oil recovery adopts any previous industrial technology [2]. Therefore, enhancing oil recovery is not limited to a certain stage or means, but mainly depends on the exploitation of substances that do not exist in the original reservoir. Its definition and classification are not contradictory. Reservoir chemical engineering is developed under the background of tertiary oil recovery and with the development of chemical engineering discipline. With the rapid development of modern science and technology, people constantly introduce new technologies and make new achievements. This stage also made people realize the diversity of development and began to explore various technologies, involving various disciplines, mainly colloid and interface science, chemical engineering, chemical reaction kinetics, seepage mechanics, thermodynamics, computational mathematics and other frontier disciplines.
3 chemical compound flooding technology
Most of the oil fields in China are continental deposits, and their distribution is quite uneven. The wax content and aromatic hydrocarbon content in crude oil are relatively high, resulting in water flooding recovery of only about 33%. The study of tertiary oil recovery technology shows that chemical compound flooding can effectively improve oil recovery. On the basis of single chemical flooding, it combines two different chemicals to form a variety of composite systems. Experiments show that compound flooding is more effective than the interaction of single chemical flooding agent. With the development and perfection of various technologies, compound flooding has gradually become the dominant technology to improve crude oil recovery in China. The formula system of compound flooding is mainly composed of two systems: high concentration small slug and low concentration large slug. High concentration slug uses surfactants and additives to form a mid-phase microemulsion system to enhance the emulsification of crude oil. A typical example is micelle-polymer flooding system, with surfactant concentration of 2.5% ~ 5.0% and slug less than 0.4pv. If microemulsion is formed, the efficiency will be higher, reaching more than 80%. Low concentration slug is a strategy introduced later, and its oil displacement principle is mainly capillary number theory, which uses alkali and surfactant to reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water. The system is widely used, both with high acid value and low acid value. In recent years, with the strengthening of research, new products have appeared, such as comb polymer KYPAM, star polymer STARPAM and hydrophobic association polymer A.DH. These new heat-resistant and salt-resistant polymers are beneficial to saving fresh water resources and protecting the environment. It also expanded the salinity of reservoir water and the scope of documents.
4 Oilfield water plugging and profile control technology
Water injection is the main way to develop oil fields. In this process, uneven reservoir distribution leads to channeling along the high permeability zone during water injection, poor water wave and effect, and rapid increase of water cut in oil wells. Especially in the high water cut stage, water short circuit will occur, which will deepen the mining difficulty. In order to change this situation, experts put forward to adopt? Water plugging and profile control? This method. Water plugging and profile control has the advantages of simple operation, small scale, short cycle and remarkable effect, which can effectively improve the effect of water injection development. The oil field water plugging and profile control technology has gone through hardships, from single well water plugging to single well profile control, and now it is mainly developed to adjust deep profile control. It was not until the end of 2006 that the demonstration project of overall water plugging and profile control began. Under the leadership of Oil Production Research Institute, the current work has been carried out in an all-round way, the water plugging and profile control technology has been systematically analyzed, and the unique evaluation and field demonstration have been given. In order to improve the present situation of water injection development, the following adjustment objectives should be formulated: (1) changing single well measures into integral plugging; Near-well profile turns to deep liquid flow; Implement integrated transformation in stages; The evaluation changed from single well to whole; The application is changed to various complex reservoirs, which are no longer limited to conventional water drive reservoirs. According to the survey, there are still many blocks that can be adjusted and blocked as a whole. Therefore, the development trend of water plugging and profile control technology will move forward.
5 Evaluation and improvement
To sum up, although the oil production speed has been obviously improved and the technology has been continuously broken through, we still have to see the situation clearly. While making achievements, we should also be good at summing up experience, finding out shortcomings and analyzing them carefully. For example, the solubility and long-term thermal stability of temperature-resistant and salt-resistant polymer products are not very optimistic, so it can not effectively meet the construction requirements and complete the task efficiently in the field implementation process. Similarly, there are many problems that need to be improved and solved in chemical flooding technology, which need to be carried out by researchers at different levels in the process. Only by studying, innovating and exploring with an endless attitude can we overcome these technical problems? Difficult diseases? Only in this way can chemical flooding technology be further developed on the characteristic road and continuously contribute to the development of reservoir chemical engineering research.
6 concluding remarks
In order to promote the sustainable development of reservoir chemical engineering in China, it is necessary to strengthen this work. Constantly explore experimental techniques to adapt to environmental changes. Master chemical flooding technology and solve problems in practical work. We should continue to study physical and chemical models and verify sensitive parameters. The comprehensive development of reservoir chemical engineering research is conducive to solving the problem of energy shortage, stabilizing China oil market and world peace.