2. What is the significance and purpose of studying this topic?

3. How is the basic framework and structure of the full text arranged?

4. What is the logical relationship between the parts of the full text?

5. What different views have been found in the process of studying this topic? How do I know these different opinions? How to deal with it?

6. Although it is not mentioned in the paper, what other issues are closely related to it?

7. What other questions have not been clarified by yourself and not discussed in depth in the paper?

8. What is the main basis for making an argument when writing a paper?

Think carefully about the above questions, sort them out with notes if necessary, and write an outline of your speech for use in your defense. Only in this way can we be prepared and not panic when we get cold feet.

Second, the defense skills

Students should first introduce the outline of the paper, which is called "self-report". It should be emphasized that "self-report" is not "self-reading". The important skill here is to be careful not to read the report verbatim and turn it into "reading". "Scripting" is the first taboo. This part can include writing motivation, reasons, research direction, topic comparison, research scope, the latest research results around this topic, my new insights, new understandings or new breakthroughs in the paper. Be concise. Can't take up too much time, usually limited to ten minutes. The so-called "cutting the complexity and leaving the quilt clear, the painting is always familiar", that is to say, try to write the words rich and to the point. We should highlight the key points and express our greatest gains, deepest experience, essence and most distinctive parts. It should be noted here that the theme is unknown; Second, avoid vague content and ramble; Three bogeys are dull and unfocused.

When defending, students should pay attention to manners and manners, which is the first signal to enter people's emotional channel. If the respondents can present a good image with good manners and manners in the first two minutes, it will be a good start. Some people decompose human posture into the smallest units to study (such as head, shoulders, chest, spine, waist, etc.) ). They think that a concave chest means cowardice and inferiority, and a high chest means high mood-but excessive is arrogance and conceit; Shoulders, hands and neck are showing integrity and strength, and the back is straight, reflecting seriousness and self-confidence. But if it is too much, it will be considered rigid and conservative, slightly bent down, and slightly inclined can appear modest and polite. Dr. Sun Yat-sen once said, "Even if the audience is in awe of his manners, the format of his actions must make the audience have a quiet and meticulous atmosphere." His wise words really inspired us a lot.

When listening to the teacher's questions, you should master the following skills:

Calm down, listen and remember.

Concentrate and think seriously.

We should be confident and open-minded.

Seeking truth from facts, never demanding.

Listen carefully and listen clearly.

The skill to be mastered in answering questions is where is the "center", "crux" and "key" needed to answer each question when conceiving? Which angle is the best to answer the question? What examples should be given to prove it? The content of the answer is essentially an organized "oral composition". First, the article should have arguments and arguments. Second, there is a beginning, a subject and an end. Third, it is organized and hierarchical. Fourth, correct words and fluent language. Five, should be articulate and speak at a moderate speed. The beginning should be concise: straight to the point is the best beginning, and straight to the point to express your views is the best way to reply. The expression of the main part can be analyzed item by item, that is, the content to be answered is summarized and analyzed item by item, which is actually to sort out the materials you have mastered from the outside to the inside. Such a statement will not be superficial, but can go deep into the essence. Piecewise analysis can be combined with some practical examples that I have mastered, sorted into several items and listed into several subheadings: divided into several points and said one by one. A full bowl of rice must be eaten bite by bite, and the truth of full stomach must be told one by one, interlocking and interlocking, which makes people remember clearly after listening. If you have prepared a relatively complete outline when preparing, then put some jade beads (for example) along the main line of answering questions to make the center clear, coherent and reasonable.

As a student who will take part in thesis defense, he must first have a deep understanding and comprehensive familiarity with the contents of his graduation thesis. This is to prepare for answering questions that members of the thesis defense Committee may ask about the depth and related knowledge of the thesis. The so-called "deep understanding" means having a horizontal grasp of the graduation thesis. For example, in the thesis entitled "Creating famous brand products and developing national industries", the thesis defense committee may ask what is the relationship between "national brand" and "famous brand". Although "national brands" may not be involved in the graduation thesis, students who take part in the thesis defense must have a "comprehensive understanding" and a "profound understanding" of their graduation thesis, otherwise there will be an embarrassing situation.

Second, the thesis defense-chart interspersed

Any graduation thesis, whether it is liberal arts or science, involves the possibility of expressing the views of the thesis with charts to some extent, so I think we should be prepared. Charts are not only an intuitive way to express opinions, but also a means to adjust the atmosphere of the thesis defense meeting. Especially for the members of the private thesis defense committee, listening for a long time will inevitably be rejected, and they will no longer accept and absorb what you have discussed, which will inevitably affect your graduation thesis defense performance. Therefore, you should properly insert charts or other media similar to charts in the process of thesis defense to improve your thesis defense performance.

Third, thesis defense-moderate language flow

Students who defend their graduation thesis are usually the first time. Numerous facts have proved that they often speak faster and faster when defending their papers, so that members of the graduation defense Committee can't hear clearly, which affects their graduation defense results. Therefore, in the process of thesis defense, graduation defense students must pay attention to the speed of language flow, combine urgency with slowness, and not bombard the audience like a barrage.

Fourth, thesis defense-eye movement

When a graduate defends a thesis, he can generally leave the manuscript, leave it half-time, or leave it at all. But no matter which way, we should pay attention to our eyes, so that our eyes often glance at the members of the thesis defense Committee and the students attending the meeting. This is a way for you to make eye contact with your audience and make them interested in your topic. At the graduation thesis defense meeting, because of the long listening time, members will inevitably be distracted. At this time, you will politely "pull" their gods back with the projection of your eyes, and let the members' thoughts follow your thoughts.

Fifth, thesis defense-body language assistance

Although the defense of graduation thesis is mainly oral like other thesis defense, proper use of body language will assist your thesis defense and make your thesis defense more effective. Especially if the gesture language is used properly, it will be confident, powerful and irrefutable. On the contrary, if you always stand up straight or bow your head in the process of thesis defense, even if your thesis is reasonable in structure, novel in theme and correct in conclusion, the effect of thesis defense will be greatly affected. Therefore, we must pay attention to the use of body language when defending our graduation thesis.

Sixth, the time control of thesis defense.

Generally speaking, in a more formal thesis defense meeting, there is a requirement for the defense time of the debater. Therefore, students who defend their graduation thesis should pay attention to the mastery of the time of thesis defense. The time control of thesis defense should be strong, and the deadline will end immediately. This seems to be well prepared, and I am familiar with the mastery and control of the content, which is easy to leave a good impression on the members of the graduation thesis defense Committee. Therefore, before the graduation thesis defense, we should have an estimate of the content of the defense. Of course, the flexible reduction or increase in the process of graduation thesis defense is also a manifestation of the time control of thesis defense, which needs attention.

Seven, thesis defense-stick to the theme

There are often many debaters when defending graduation thesis on campus. Therefore, for the members of the graduation thesis defense committee, it is impossible for them to have a comprehensive understanding of the content of each graduation thesis, and some may even be unfamiliar with the topic of the graduation thesis. Therefore, in the whole process of thesis defense, it is very important to deduce the topic around the theme. In addition, members are generally easy to ask questions about the theme of the paper. If the boundary can discuss the topic of the thesis from beginning to end, it will make the judges think clearly and affirm your graduation thesis.

Eight, thesis defense-personal use

In the process of graduation thesis defense, it will inevitably involve the use of names. I suggest using the first person as much as possible, such as "I" and "we". Even if the materials in the thesis are quoted from others, we use "we have quoted" data or materials, especially the graduation thesis is often called self-made, so we should use the first person "I" and "we" more decisively and boldly. If so, it will give people the impression that something is yours and you have done a lot of work! (Excerpted from Youth Science, August, 2003, original text: Several Issues Needing Attention in Graduation Thesis Defense)