Abstract: Pharmaceutical engineering is an engineering specialty that crosses chemistry, pharmacy and engineering, and its teaching goal is to train engineering and technical personnel engaged in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Writing a master's thesis, in view of the unreasonable curriculum of traditional Chinese medicine in pharmaceutical engineering specialty, this paper puts forward the teaching reform idea of combined pharmaceutical curriculum group, so as to reduce the class hours of basic courses and make students have more time to study professional courses.
Key words: pharmaceutical engineering; Curriculum setting; Optimize the combination; improve
First, the problems encountered in the basic course of pharmacy
Pharmaceutical engineering is an interdisciplinary engineering specialty of chemistry, pharmacy and engineering, and its teaching goal is to train technicians engaged in pharmaceutical manufacturing engineering. Facing the setting principle and professional characteristics of the main course of pharmaceutical engineering undergraduate, "thick foundation, wide caliber, emphasis on practice and distinctive features", students must lay a solid foundation before studying pharmaceutical engineering courses. These basic knowledge mainly include humanities and social sciences, mathematical physics, chemistry, pharmacy, biology and biotechnology, engineering technology and so on. The author makes a preliminary statistics on the curriculum of pharmaceutical engineering in China's universities of science and technology.
During the four-year course study of pharmaceutical engineering specialty, students have to study more than a dozen basic courses, graduation practice and graduation design (thesis), and finally they have to study compulsory pharmaceutical engineering courses, and they have to complete basic courses such as chemistry, pharmacy, chemical engineering, biology and biotechnology in the remaining teaching period.
That is to say, students majoring in pharmaceutical engineering should not only learn the basic courses of chemistry, pharmacy and chemical engineering, but also learn the professional courses of pharmaceutical engineering (optional courses are not included). Under such a teaching curriculum, too many courses are easy to disperse the teaching hours, and it is impossible to emphasize the professional focus in the allocation of class hours. What the teacher said is general, it is difficult for students to connect knowledge points in series in their study, and the expected teaching effect cannot be achieved.
Taking the basic course of pharmacy as an example, the national pharmaceutical engineering major has set up three courses of medicinal chemistry, pharmacology and pharmaceutical analysis in the basic course of pharmacy. Among them, pharmacology is an important course in the basis of pharmacy, but there are no important basic courses such as physiology and clinical medicine syllabus in science and engineering colleges, which leads to the teachers not explaining the concepts and professional terms about physiology, pathology and clinic in pharmacology teaching. If you speak, you will spend most of the class time explaining them one by one. The teaching content is intermittent, which will delay the teaching progress and reduce the teaching effect. As beginners, students can't master all the knowledge points of pharmacy in a short time, so they often cram for the exam and forget it after the exam. In view of this problem, the author puts forward some suggestions for improvement after years of participation in the formulation of the teaching plan of this major.
Two, around the professional training objectives, a reasonable combination of professional basic courses
Pharmaceutical engineering majors cultivate talents who meet the needs of socialist modernization, develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically, have knowledge and design research ability in pharmaceutical engineering, have a strong foundation, a wide range of specialties, high quality, strong ability and sufficient stamina. Therefore, the curriculum must be arranged closely around this purpose. According to the characteristics of this major, the course must be reasonably integrated and optimized. The author thinks that the three main basic courses, namely, the basis of pharmacy, the basis of engineering and the basis of chemistry, can be summarized by teachers, taught to students, and helped them understand the teaching content, so as to achieve twice the result with half the effort.
Taking the basic course of pharmacy as an example, the purpose of students' learning the basic course of pharmacy is to have professional knowledge of pharmacy and lay a foundation for the perception and understanding of professional courses. Medicinal chemistry requires students to learn the chemical structure, physical and chemical properties and structure-activity relationship of drugs; Pharmacology requires students to learn the role of drugs; Drug analysis requires students to learn the methods of drug analysis and identification, which are closely related.
In the past, the teaching contents of medicinal chemistry, pharmacology and pharmaceutical analysis overlapped, wasting normal teaching time. After the teaching reform, the contents of these three courses can be merged into one course, named "Comprehensive Pharmacy Course". Through the integration of the three knowledge points, the knowledge group is reasonably organized, so that students can understand the main points of various drug knowledge more easily.
Compared with traditional teaching, the reformed teaching course has the following characteristics:
1? Reduce the total class hours and give students more time for self-study and thinking.
In traditional teaching, the total class hours of medicinal chemistry, pharmacology and pharmaceutical analysis are about 120 class hours, with an average of 40-50 class hours per course. On the one hand, it is almost impossible for teachers to teach all the contents of the textbook in detail and comprehensively during the total class hours, and some chapters are often deleted; ? On the other hand, in teaching, we must emphasize pharmacological and clinical functions; We must emphasize the chemical structure and physical and chemical properties of drugs; Pharmacology also needs to demonstrate the chemical structure of drugs, and the content of structure-activity relationship is an inseparable part of medicalization and pharmacology. Therefore, the reasonable combination of basic pharmaceutical courses into a comprehensive course can avoid the overlapping of teaching time of the three courses, strengthen the organic combination among the courses in the course group, enable students to better absorb and digest relevant knowledge, and truly implement the setting principle of "thick foundation, wide caliber, emphasis on practice and emphasis on characteristics" for pharmaceutical engineering specialty.
2? Offering an introduction course of pharmacy to guide students to get started.
Before the comprehensive basic course of medicine, an introduction to pharmacy should be offered first. The contents include the history of drug development, naming principles of chemical drugs, related terms and concepts of pharmacology, and basic knowledge of drug analysis. It lasts about 20 class hours, so that only various drugs can be explained in the basic course of drug synthesis.
3? Using comprehensive experiments to cooperate with teaching
In order to achieve better teaching effect, the experiments involved in the three courses can also be carried out comprehensively, such as the continuous operation of aspirin synthesis, analysis and preparation experiments, so that students can integrate theory with practice and finally meet the requirements of training objectives in basic operating skills and problem-solving ability.
4? Multimedia teaching can achieve better results.
Multimedia teaching can be used in teaching, and PPT, Flash, VCD and other courseware models can be used for teaching, so that the teaching content can be displayed in front of students concretely, vividly and vividly, which can effectively stimulate students' interest in learning and increase their perception and understanding of knowledge points.
Thirdly, taking aspirin as an example, the comprehensive teaching of basic pharmaceutical courses is carried out.
Mode: PPT courseware
1? The history of aspirin: from "Have you ever taken aspirin?" This question begins with the description of aspirin-containing drugs commonly used in the market now, and then briefly describes its development history to arouse students' interest. (model essay. )
2? Chemical structure and chemical nomenclature.
3? Pharmacological action and clinical application: Taking aspirin as the forerunner, the pharmacological action, clinical action and adverse reactions of aspirin were expounded.
4? Physical and chemical properties and analytical identification methods: from structural characteristics to physical and chemical properties to analytical identification methods (including methods specified in Pharmacopoeia and salicylic acid detection).
5? Synthesis method.
6? Structural modification: Taking the structural evolution of aspirin as an example, the concept of chemical structural modification of drugs was elaborated in detail.
7? Related experiments: synthesis experiment (synthesis, fine products) → analysis (content, impurities) → preparation. Through the explanation, students can clearly have a comprehensive understanding of the basic knowledge of aspirin, a antipyretic and analgesic drug, without summarizing it themselves, and lay a good foundation for the study of subsequent professional courses (such as chemical pharmaceutical technology).
Similarly, in the basic course group of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy, pharmacognosy, natural medicinal chemistry, pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine and analysis of traditional Chinese medicine can be combined into a comprehensive course, with the classification of chemical structure of traditional Chinese medicine as the starting point. The topics of graduation thesis of traditional Chinese medicine include alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, quinones, glycosides, coumarins, organic acids and so on. Each type of compound prescription describes several representative drugs, including: pharmacognosy characteristics (including pictures, solid or microstructure of crude drugs and decoction pieces); Chemical characteristics; Pharmacological characteristics; Analysis and appraisal methods (including those specified in China National Pharmacopoeia) can avoid the necessity of studying some courses, but as a pharmaceutical engineering major, it is not necessary to set up separate courses.
In a word, the rational optimization of the basic course group of United Pharmaceutical Engineering has a positive effect on the students to master the basic professional knowledge more effectively. As a professional teacher, we should think about how to make students really understand and comprehend the professional knowledge they have learned from the perspective of "teaching" in teaching, so that students can "lighten their burdens" in heavy study. Only when students have a clear idea in the basic course stage can they lay a solid foundation for the study of professional courses.
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