The photo is so classic that the protagonist chooses to ignore it. Putin said: there may be washing powder in it. According to the statistics of papers published by The Lancet magazine from June 5, 2006 to 2006 10, the death toll in the Iraq war ranged from 390,000 to 940,000.
The concept of justice. Pascal said: "What order will people take as the basis for ruling the world? On everyone's whim? That would be a mess! People don't know justice. "
Some people say that the essence of justice is the authority of legislators. Some people say that it is the interests of the monarch; Others say that he is an established custom that can only be understood by reason.
Justice should not be uncertain, it should be an indicator of inner goodness, human persistence and social compliance.
The source of justice. The concept of justice sprouted from the original concept of equality and formed in the society after the emergence of private property. People in different societies or classes have different interpretations of justice. Plato believes that what people should do according to their own level is justice. Christian ethicists believe that it is just that the body should obey the soul.
Most people think that fairness is justice.
In the west and ancient Greece, justice was discussed as a value standard of social system arrangement.
In the Republic, Plato put forward that justice is the justice of the city-state first.
Plato regards the unity and prosperity of the polis as the overriding goal, and regards making contributions to the country as the highest morality of citizens. He regards the whole society as the only goal, the individual is a tool to serve the whole, and the value of the individual can only be an organic part of the whole, completely integrated into the whole.
He believes that "the justice of a country lies in three kinds of people doing their own things in the country". When "businessmen, helpers and protectors do their own things in the country and do not interfere with each other, there will be justice and the country will become a just country."
All social strata perform their duties, and individuals keep their duties and get their places. All men are born unequal, so everyone should accept his fate and keep his position.
Aristotle, unlike his teacher, highlighted the concept of equality and clearly put forward that "injustice means inequality and justice means equality".
Better than Plato, he put forward the idea that the rule of law is superior to the rule of man. He believes that a good public order needs legal protection, and an excellent political body should make legal and other institutional arrangements around how to achieve justice.
Aristotle first put forward and expounded the two elements of the rule of law-the good law system and the supremacy of law. He insisted on Plato's view that the evil law is illegal, and that the law governing the political system is evil, and observing the evil law cannot be called adhering to the rule of law.
Abiding by the law means obeying justice, and the purpose of legislation is to promote the realization of justice.
More importantly, he pointed out that rulers should also be bound by law, which constitutes the core of modern rule of law.
The neglected principle. American scholar Rawls put forward two principles of justice:
First, everyone should have equal rights in the free system owned by others;
Second, social and economic equality suits everyone's interests and should be open to all.
Great social inequality will inevitably lead to violent rule. 1994, the Rwandan massacre killed 100 million people in 100 days. During the eight years of Habré' s dictatorship in Chad, 40,000 people were killed and 50,000 people were put in prison. 200,000 people were deprived of their property because they opposed the government.
At that time, the French government was bent on preventing the United States from interfering in Rwanda affairs and supporting the slaughter of Hutu extremists. The military remained silent about Habré' s tyranny.
The embodiment of justice. In the Bible, King Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon declared to three God-fearing Jews, "If you don't worship, you will be thrown into a burning furnace."
The king asked the three Jews to think about it, and the answer was, "Nebuchadnezzar, we don't have to answer you about this." Nevertheless, the God we serve can deliver us from the burning kiln, and he will deliver us from your hand. " If not, you should know that we will never serve your God or worship the golden statue you set up. "Believe that betrayal is not justice.
The French Revolution was a nationalist movement. 1792, the Legislative Assembly ordered all localities to build altars with the following inscription: "All citizens should live, live and die for the motherland." The revolution believes that loyalty to the country is the benchmark of justice.
However, Arendt once proposed the concept of the evil of mediocrity. Under the totalitarian background, careerists have lost the ability to distinguish right from wrong. In the public trial, the Nazi executioner Eichmann thought that "he just carried out the orders of his superiors." For those who have no judgment, the superior is justice.
The way to achieve justice. Due to the population problem, the gap between the rich and the poor and the slow development, the road to justice is still far away.
In ancient and modern wars, both sides claimed to be teachers of justice, but they used different standards of justice. If the opposing sides are the ruler and the ruled respectively, then the justice principles of the ruler are often unity, social stability and law-abiding; The ruled emphasizes another set of rules, such as opposing autocratic corruption, democracy, freedom and equality. These principles are all aimed at gaining moral advantages, and behind them are interests.
In the eyes of economists, sacred things are only seriously overestimated values, including justice. As long as you invest enough, you will naturally be shaken. In Friderici Drenmart's play The Return of the Old Woman, the heroine Claire offered a sky-high price of 65.438 billion Swiss francs to kill her former lover, and finally she realized her wish.
Perfect social rules, including the goal of winning, unity and cooperation are the key to deal with the lack of social justice and various problems.
Numerous facts show that in today's world politics, justice achieved through the rule of law is the real justice. Freedom is achieved in equality, which is justice.