Based on high energy consumption and great damage to the ecological environment. Whether it is cultivated land and fresh water to maintain people's basic survival or energy and mineral resources to support sustained economic growth, there is a relative shortage. For example, per capita mineral resources are only 58% of the world average, fresh water resources are 25% of the world average, and cultivated land resources are only 40% of the world average, so the ecological environment is very fragile.

According to records, the environmental problems in China have reached a very serious level. Due to the destruction of vegetation on both sides of the Yangtze River and serious soil erosion, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China flooded from 65438 to 0998, with huge losses. In recent decades, the sandstorm weather in northwest and north China has become more and more serious, with 8 occurrences in 1960s, 13 occurrences in 1970s and more than 20 occurrences in 1990s. Since the spring of 2000, there have been many sandstorms in the east of northwest China, southwest of northeast China and north China. From June to April in 2004, there were 1 1 sandstorm weather processes in China, which involved most parts of northern China and 19 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and had a serious impact on agricultural production, transportation and people's lives. These are all due to the serious damage to the natural ecological environment, such as excessive reclamation of wasteland in some northern areas, overgrazing in grassland areas, excessive use of rivers and water in agricultural irrigation areas, and excessive exploitation of groundwater, which directly lead to large-scale grassland desertification, a large number of farmland being swallowed up by desert, windbreaks withering and dying, and losing the functions of water conservation and topsoil protection. In terms of resources, China's excessive consumption is amazing. In 2003, China's GDP accounted for 4% of the world, but it consumed 55% cement, 36% steel, 30% coal and 25% aluminum. China's energy consumption for creating 1 USD GDP is 4.3 times that of the United States and 0.5 times that of Japanese1/kloc-0.

At the same time, the area of soil erosion in China has reached 3.56 million square kilometers, accounting for 1/3 of the land area, and the speed of land desertification and soil erosion is still accelerating. Desertification land reaches 3460 square kilometers every year, which is equivalent to losing the land area of a medium-sized county every year. The sediment discharge of large rivers increases, the river becomes turbid, the riverbed rises, and the ecological environment deteriorates seriously. Therefore, China's requirements for ecological construction are more urgent. The deterioration of living environment and the exhaustion of natural resources have seriously affected the development of society and the quality of life of people. This contradiction will be more prominent in the coming period. Numerous facts have proved that without a good ecological environment, there will be no healthy and harmonious social life, let alone the all-round development of people. Therefore, we can't continue to take the traditional road of industrialization that consumes a lot of resources and energy, but we must re-examine and coordinate the relationship between man and nature, realize the harmonious development between man and nature, and build an ecological civilization. Rebuilding the harmonious and unified ecological civilization between man and nature has become the realistic basis and primary task of building a harmonious socialist society.

The general secretary pointed out that achieving social harmony and building a beautiful society have always been the social ideal pursued by mankind. The socialist harmonious society we want to build should be a society of democracy and rule of law, fairness and justice, honesty and friendship, full of vitality, stability and order, and harmony between man and nature. The relationship between man and nature directly affects the existence of human society, and the investigation of the relationship between man and nature is helpful for us to understand the level of social development and the height of human civilization from a more macro perspective. Therefore, the ecological civilization put forward in the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is the concept of combining modern civilization represented by contemporary globalization with sustainable development, which makes us more clear about the realistic predicament and outlet of human beings, thus bridging and resolving the contradiction between environmental protection and economic development.

Third, ecological civilization is an inevitable choice to rebuild the relationship between man and nature.

A scientific understanding of the relationship between man and nature?

Human beings cultivate and work on the earth, and the richness of nature breeds human civilization. However, with the process of industrialization, human society began to develop viciously.

From the beginning of18th century to the end of 20th century, the industrial revolution reached its peak in the rapid development of more than 200 years. The development of industry and agriculture has already broken through the limit of growth, and the progress of science and technology has basically reached the point where human imagination has been greatly released. However, it has not always brought good news to human society, and it hangs like a sword of Damocles over human heads. [5] On the one hand, human beings try their best to grab natural resources, on the other hand, they try their best to make wastes with increasingly complex components. Human activities have destroyed the natural conditions for survival, and plunged the whole earth into the crisis of resource depletion and environmental pollution. f？ Carter wrote in Topsoil and Human Civilization: "The reason why civilization is declining in the hometown where these civilizations are bred is mainly because people spoil or destroy the environment that is conducive to the development of human civilization." According to the prediction of the famous "Rome Club", if human beings can't find alternative energy sources and stick to the existing way of life, the earth will run out of the last drop of oil one day in the middle and late 20th century, economic growth will come to an abrupt end, and human society will inevitably fall into recession. [6]

Marx and Engels were saints who reflected and scientifically understood the relationship between man and nature earlier. On the one hand, they hail the arrival of a new era of civilization, on the other hand, they aim at criticizing the decay and irrationality of this system and establishing an ideal society and a new form of civilization for life. Engels rudely attacked the naivety and arrogance of human beings: "We should not be too intoxicated with our victory over nature. Every time such a victory, nature is retaliating against us. " [7] The relationship between man and nature, according to the Marxist point of view, is the unity of true equality and harmony, that is, the view of nature that advocates the unity of the interests of man and nature. Today, human beings should also have the ability to actively adjust their behavior and realize the harmonious development between man and nature. As Engels said: "We, together with our flesh and blood and mind, belong to and coexist in nature;" Our total rule over nature is that we are stronger than all other animals and can understand and correctly apply the laws of nature. " [8] From the profound analysis of the relationship between man and nature, it can be seen that although modern human beings are in an active position, man is always the product of the natural environment, and human survival, reproduction and development need to obtain material and energy from nature. Man and nature should always maintain an honorary relationship of * * *. ?

(2) Man and nature are an interdependent whole?

Man is the existence of life, and natural ecology also exists as "the existence of life". On the one hand, natural ecology has its own evolving life process; On the other hand, as a member of the objective real world, the life state of human beings is inextricably linked with the life state of natural ecology, and the death of natural ecology will inevitably lead to the exhaustion of human life. Therefore, the harmonious relationship between man and nature should first be the relationship that sustains life. Based on this understanding, famous scholars Schwertz and Leopold founded "ecological ethics". They believe that life is a great creation of nature, and human and natural life should be greatly respected. The practice of "dividing life into high value (human life value) and low value (natural life value)" is one-sided. Therefore, the concept of "goodness" should be expanded, and the right and wrong of human behavior should be understood from nature rather than limited to human beings, and the concept of goodness should be extended to nature. "Any behavior that helps to maintain the integrity and stability of biological communities should be just, kind and beautiful" [3] 233. An ethical theory can't be regarded as a perfect ethical theory if it doesn't include the behavioral norms of human's influence on nature and doesn't confirm that human and ecology are a particularly close and vital relationship. Therefore, man and nature should be organically linked by the bond of life, and the perfection and normal operation of life should be regarded as the inherent requirement of the harmonious relationship between man and nature. Man is not the "master" or "ruler" of nature, but a member of the natural family; Humans should be good citizens in this big family. The creatures in nature are not slaves of human beings, nor are they born for human beings. They should be equal members of the big family of nature. It is far from enough to pay attention to the natural interests of human beings and the ecological balance. It is also necessary to establish a new ethical system, establish a new equal relationship between man and nature, and persist in opposing "human chauvinism." Recognize not only the value of human beings, but also the value of living things and all natural things; Not only human rights, but also biological rights and even all natural rights should be recognized. Trees, flowers, rivers and oceans that seem to have no feelings have their own needs and the right to exist. Their value and rights are not determined by their usefulness to human beings, but are inherent as a balanced natural chain. The basic needs of natural creatures and human beings are similar, and they all need water, oxygen and nutrition. Therefore, human beings should never be above the equal status of nature and realize the harmonious coexistence and interdependence between man and nature. If we only want to "dominate" and "rule" nature blindly, it is bound to artificially destroy the "equal" relationship between man and nature and disintegrate the harmonious environment between man and nature, and both human beings and ecology will be devastated. ?

(3) Ecological civilization is the inevitable choice to rebuild the relationship between man and nature?

Nature is the foundation, root, starting point and destination of human beings. The idea that human development and social development must be coordinated with natural development expresses the yearning and pursuit for the primitive harmony between man and nature. [9] 15 The basic concept provided by ecological civilization is the overall concept of the global ecological environment system, and it is the concept that all elements in the system are interrelated and mutually restricted. Man and nature are an interdependent whole. By destroying the biological population in nature to meet the uncontrolled needs of human beings, it can only lead to the destruction and depletion of the entire ecological environment resources, and ultimately endanger human beings themselves. Therefore, ecological civilization requires human beings to re-understand their relationship with nature. From the perspective of nature, the relationship between man and nature is equal, not the relationship between master and slave, nor the relationship between conquest and conquest. Compared with industrial civilization, ecological civilization embodies more extensive and far-reaching equality, that is, equality between man and nature, equality between contemporary people and contemporary people, and equality between contemporary people and future generations. Equality between man and nature means that in the process of transforming and utilizing nature, human beings should not only follow the objective laws of economic development, but also follow the laws of natural development. Because human beings are a part of nature, they are bound to be bound and reacted by nature. Therefore, human beings must abandon the past concepts of "human beings are above nature" and "human beings can control nature at will" to protect nature and make people and nature get along equally. Equality between contemporary people and between contemporary people and future generations means that natural resources and environment belong to all mankind, and contemporary people and future generations enjoy natural resources and environment equally. No country or region can maintain economic development at the expense of resource waste, environmental pollution and ecological destruction. Moreover, contemporary people should not squander resources and trample on the environment, and must leave a beautiful and sustainable earth for future generations. In other words, to rebuild the harmonious unity between man and nature, we should care about both man and nature, realize the hand in hand between man and nature, the unity of the past and the present, the dialogue between the present and the future, and the coordination of time and space. While maintaining human development, it also maintains the balance of nature and ensures the coordinated development of social system and ecological system. Therefore, ecological civilization is an inevitable choice to rebuild the relationship between man and nature. ?

References:?

[1] Lin Hongmei. Summary of the theoretical seminar on "Ecological Civilization and Harmonious Society" [J]. Introduction to Ideological and Theoretical Education, 2008 (5): 92-93.

[2] Yang Duogui, Zhou Zhitian, Chen Yifeng. Challenges and strategic choices for the harmonious development between man and nature in China [J]. Shanghai Economic Research, 2005 (4): 6- 12.

[3] Leopold. Yearbook of Shaxiang [M]. Hou, translated, Changchun: Jilin People's Publishing House, 2000.