(2) The combination of TCM theory and modern scientific research results is helpful to promote the development of TCM.
(3) Using the method of experimental pharmacology, combined with the separation and extraction of effective components of traditional Chinese medicine, to provide scientific experimental basis for further research on compatibility and application of traditional Chinese medicine, improving dosage form, improving curative effect and reducing toxicity.
(4) Develop new Chinese medicinal materials with medicinal value, expand the source of medicines and use old medicines in new ways through experimental pharmacological methods.
A brief history of the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the main achievements of modern research: (1) A brief history of the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the main work of materia medica, The Emergence and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, came into being and developed during the struggle between the broad masses of working people and nature. Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, the first monograph on pharmacology in China, is a summary of the drug knowledge gained by working people in the practice of natural struggle and production struggle. Among them, ephedra for asthma, Changshan for malaria, Melia azedarach and rhubarb diarrhea are all valuable scientific records.
With the development of human society, folk medicine is widely used. During the Han and Jin Dynasties, Hua Tuo, Li Dangzhi, Wu Pu and others all made great contributions to drugs. At the beginning of the sixth century, Liang. Tao Hongjing collected Bielu and Bencao Jing, the famous doctors who were popular at that time, compiled the Notes on Bencao Jing, and collected 73O kinds of drugs, which not only increased the types of drugs, but also classified them according to natural sources such as jade, grass, wood, insects, animals, fruits and vegetables, rice grains, and created a natural classification of herbal drugs, which has been used in future generations. There is also a column of "universal drugs for various diseases", which is very convenient for dialectical medication. The book also gives a series of explanations on the collection season, storage, preservation, identification of authenticity, processing methods, drug specifications and medication methods, which plays a connecting role in the history of pharmacy.
There are nearly 30 kinds of materia medica works in the 7th century AD, which are repetitive in compilation style and content, and also have advantages and disadvantages in syndrome differentiation, treatment and interpretation, which need to be sorted out and improved urgently. Don. More than 20 people, including Su Jing and Xu Li, compiled 844 kinds of drugs in New Materia Medica and collected drawings of medicinal specimens from all over the country. It was promulgated in 654 AD, also known as Tang Herbal Medicine. It is the first pharmacopoeia promulgated by the government in China, 877 years earlier than Newland Pharmacopoeia, and it can also be said to be the earliest pharmacopoeia in the world, which has great influence at home and abroad.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, more attention was paid to the collation of ancient medical books, and Kaibao Detailed Materia Medica and Kaibao Re-edited Materia Medica were compiled successively. During Jiayou years, Yu was in charge of Supplementary Notes on Jiayou Materia Medica, and Su Song compiled and painted Illustration of Materia Medica. Based on these two books, and referring to other medical prescriptions, Tang Shenwei compiled a large-scale comprehensive pharmacological work, Classic Prescriptions and Emergency Materia Medica, which was highly valued by later physicians. After many revisions by the state in the Song Dynasty, the Materia Medica with Historical Evidence and Zheng Hexin's Spare Materia Medica with Historical Evidence came out. Later generations collectively referred to the above two books as "Zheng Ben Cao", which was a medical work that collected the achievements of materia medica before the Song Dynasty. It preserves the essence of many ancient classics and the original appearance of early documents. It is a large-scale herbal medicine that has been popular before the publication of Compendium of Materia Medica, and is regarded as materia medica. Some ancient medical books quoted in the book have been lost, but we can get a glimpse from this book, so it is not only of great practical value, but also of great historical significance.
Ming and Liu were ordered to compile Compendium of Materia Medica, which is the second cursive script compiled by the government after Newly Revised Materia Medica. Later, in the 500 years after Zheng Bencao, Li Shizhen published various herbal works, and a large number of practical drugs emerged.
It has made new progress and accumulated rich practical experience in drug collection, drug identification, pharmacy and medication. Based on the herbal medicine of syndromes, he consulted nearly 800 books on classics and history. Through on-the-spot investigation and study, the authenticity was identified. Compendium of Materia Medica was compiled into 52 volumes, divided into 16 parts and 62 categories, and 1892 kinds of medicinal materials and120 pictures of medicinal materials were collected. Engraved at the beginning of Jinling 1590. This book summarizes the achievements of China's materia medica before16th century. After its publication, it has been translated into English, Japanese, German, French, Russian and other languages for more than 300 years, which enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad and has far-reaching influence. After the publication of Compendium of Materia Medica, scholars in the Qing Dynasty wrote relevant materia medica works from different angles, such as Revision of Compendium of Materia Medica, Self-compilation of Compendium of Materia Medica, Clinical Practical Little Materia Medica and New Compilation of Materia Medica. It is particularly worth mentioning that the author of "Textual Research on the Names and Facts of Plants in Wu" carefully drew the drug map according to the physical objects, which was clear and realistic and corrected the mistakes in drawing ancient sketches. The "long edition" part extracts the relevant records in the compendium of materia medica and miscellaneous books of literature and history in previous dynasties, which is of great reference value and has been widely valued by scholars at home and abroad.
After liberation, the government was very concerned about the cause of traditional Chinese medicine, and successively promulgated the policy of traditional Chinese medicine, established the research institution of traditional Chinese medicine, and opened the college of traditional Chinese medicine. With the vigorous development of traditional Chinese medicine, a large amount of information has been accumulated in the investigation of traditional Chinese medicine resources, variety identification, chemical pharmacology research and clinical observation. The Central Ministry of Health has compiled and promulgated the Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China (PRC), which clearly stipulates the specifications, efficacy, indications, dosage, usage and quality control of traditional Chinese medicine. Many books about traditional Chinese medicine, such as Traditional Chinese Medicine, Identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chemistry of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Chinese Medicine, etc. , made a preliminary summary from different aspects. It also published large-scale comprehensive drug books, such as Chronicle of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine and Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which comprehensively and systematically summarized the achievements in the research of traditional Chinese medicine. The latter also extracted ancient herbal literature and was an important reference book for the study of traditional Chinese medicine.
(2) The main achievements in pharmacological research of traditional Chinese medicine in recent years have been studied by modern scientific methods for more than 80 years. In the early 1920s, Chinese scholars first made systematic chemical and pharmacological studies on ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and ephedrine. Because of the discovery of its specific pharmacological effects, its paper report not only shocked China, but also aroused great concern abroad, aroused the interest of scholars all over the world in the research of ephedrine and other traditional Chinese medicines, and made ephedrine an important drug in the world. At that time, due to social unrest, war unrest, poor equipment and few personnel, the research progress was slow and the results were not much. The research on this single drug was mainly carried out, and there was no cooperation among chemistry, pharmacology and clinic. In chemistry, we have studied dozens of medicinal materials such as Corydalis yanhusuo, Uncaria rhynchophylla, Ephedra sinica, Changshan, Fangji and so on. Pharmacology mainly studies dozens of medicinal materials such as ephedra, coptis chinensis, Changshan, corydalis tuber and agrimony. After liberation, the government attached great importance to the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine, put forward important instructions for inheriting, developing, sorting out and improving traditional Chinese medicine, and established Chinese medicine research institutions and hospitals at all levels from the central to local provinces and cities, which made the pharmacological and clinical research of traditional Chinese medicine enter a new stage, with the research scope developing from one-way compound prescription, and the research topics ranging from resource investigation to crude drug identification, processing, chemistry,
pharmacology
From pharmacology to clinic, the variety and research scope of a single drug are unprecedented. Rhizoma corydalis, Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae, Radix Ginseng, Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Puerariae, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix Notoginseng, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Fructus Aurantii, Ganoderma, Rhizoma Curcumae, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Herba Artemisiae Annuae, Radix Aristolochiae, Herba Leonuri, Trichosanthis Radix, etc. Are all in-depth. There are not only many researches on traditional Chinese medicine, but also many herbs, such as andrographis paniculata, sijiqing, Ilex pubescens, dwarf tea, fushoucao and rhododendron manshurica. , for clinical application, greatly enriching the variety of drugs. This paper summarizes the pharmacological research of Chinese herbal medicine, partly expounds the theory of Chinese herbal medicine (such as promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, strengthening the body resistance and strengthening the constitution), and partly expounds the effective components of Chinese herbal medicine (such as tetrahydropalmatine, artemisinin, ligustrazine, etc.). ), improved some dosage forms (such as Ganmao Granule and Shengmai Injection). ), and found some new uses of drugs (such as Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, Hedyotis diffusa, etc.). However, traditional Chinese medicine has complex components and diverse functions. One ingredient can never blindly represent traditional Chinese medicine, and a certain function can't sum up all its functions. Therefore, many problems of TCM need further study. This problem needs further study.