The earliest record of Pu Shougeng's lineage was written by Zheng Sixiao (Fujian Lianjiang,1241-kloc-0/318) in the eighth year of Germany (it should be a year after the seventh year of Xiangxing, 1280). Nanfan is a general term for the residents of southern China, the South China Sea (Nanyang) and even the vast Indian Ocean during the Tang and Song Dynasties.
Yuan and other "History of the Song Dynasty" said: "Shou Geng is also from the Western Region." He Ming Qiao Yuan (1558- 163 1 year) also said that Pu Shougeng's ancestor was a Shumin from the Western Regions. The Western Regions, from the Han Dynasty to the Tang and Song Dynasties, are the general names of countries far away from the west of China.
During about 1890, German Hilde pointed out that Pu Shougeng's word Pu was a transliteration of the common name Abon, from which Pu Shougeng's surname came. * * * people can be called Nanfan people, but what is certain is that Pu Shougeng is a * * * person. (Quoted from Pu Shougeng's Examination, Chapter III, Pu Shougeng's Past Life, collected in Sang Yuan)
In the History of H Fan Language, written by Yue Fei's grandson and son of Southern Song Dynasty (11234), it is written: "Panyu (Guangzhou) has Hai Li Za, and its most proud one is Pu, whose name is Bai Fan. Because I was adrift at sea, I was afraid to return because of the storm, but I asked my master to stay in China to lead to the arrival of the goods. ..... years old, settled in the city. ..... rich and magnificent. ..... after I returned to the north. ..... it's even worse to say that he has money. ..... "In the Song Dynasty, foreign businessmen who came to China from Nanyang were called Hai Lao and Bo Lao, so * * * businessmen were also called Hai Lao. It is said that Pu is a Zhancheng person and should be a merchant living in Zhancheng. Zhancheng, in the south-central part of Vietnam today, was a diplomatic state in the Tang Dynasty and a vassal state in the Song Dynasty.
An Examination of Pu Shougeng published by Japanese scholar Sang Yuan in1912-1917: "The surname of Pu in the history of H was the richest man in Guangdong at that time, in charge of foreign trade; Pu Shougeng's ancestors were rich and well-off, and the prime ministers traded with each other. In contrast, they are afraid that the surname Pu in history is the ancestor of Shou Geng. " "According to Hanshu, although Pu's surname was extremely luxurious, it soon perished. The father of Shou Geng, Pu Kaizong, moved to Guangquan, which was related to the decline of Pu's surname? "
In the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty, Quanzhou Port became increasingly prosperous and gradually surpassed Guangzhou Port. However, due to the "decline of family wealth", Pu Shougeng's father, Pu Kaizong, moved from Guangzhou to Quanzhou and settled in Yunlu Village, Fashi Township, near Houzhu Port, Quanzhou, and continued to engage in overseas trade mainly in transporting and selling bulk spices. Jiatai in the Southern Song Dynasty (1204) served as the main book of Anxi County; Six years later (1233), in order to encourage Pu's foreign trade activities, the Southern Song Dynasty named him "Cheng Jielang". (See Pu Kaizong, a list of Quanzhou people).
According to the Pu family tree in Quanzhou, some researchers believe that Pu Shougeng's predecessor is the * * * family, and his ancestral home is Langzhou, Sichuan. After Pu Zongmeng, his father's name was Pu Shibin, who was born in a famous family in Xishu and was a scholar for generations. He is an official brother and moved from Sichuan to Quanzhou. This is because Pu Shougeng "introduced Yuan into Song Dynasty". In the Ming Dynasty, the Pu family was discriminated against and rejected, and "it was forbidden to study as an official". As a result, the reviser of Pu's genealogy fabricated a "glorious history" from the first generation to the sixth generation, leaving a blank for the seventh generation of Pu Shougeng to avoid.
Overseas Trade After Pu Kaizong's death, Pu Shougeng inherited his father's career and engaged in overseas trade, mainly transporting and selling bulk spices. At the beginning, the Pu family used to be an upper-middle class, and life was not very rich. After careful management by Pu Shougeng, it quickly revived and reached its peak.
In the first year of Jingyan (1276), it was written in the Biography of the History of the Song Dynasty Ying Guogong that "Pu Shougeng prospered Quanzhou Shipping Company for thirty years". Yang Qingjiang and Chen Cangsong 1987 compiled the annals of Fujian's ship administration. During the period from Song Ziyuan's 57th year (1092) to Xianchun's 3rd year (1267), Quanzhou's ship administration officer was promoted. According to the records in Fujian Tongzhi, Pu Shougeng was appointed to promote Quanzhou Shipping Company, and was changed to Jin Yang in the fifty years of spring (1250) and fifty-two years of spring (1252) respectively, and his name did not appear until the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. Therefore, in fact, Pu Shougeng only worked as a city envoy for less than three years, which is also in line with the Song Dynasty official system in which local officials rotate every three years. However, whether he is promoted to Quanzhou Shipping Company or resigned, he can be "good at profiting from shipping for 30 years", which shows that Pu Shougeng is powerful.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, the South China Sea was rampant. According to "Quanzhou Fu Zhi Ji Bing", during the Southern Song Dynasty, there were 6 incidents of pirates invading the spring in Quanzhou (excluding mountain thief drama) and 8 incidents of pirates invading the spring in Tongzhi, Fujian. The last of the two books was in the tenth year of Xianchun (1274).
In the tenth year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1274), pirates attacked Quanzhou, and the officers and men were at a loss. Pu Shougeng and his brother Pu Shouke (refer to Quanzhou People's Directory Pu Shouke), in order to protect the huge interests of the family, relying on powerful maritime forces to help the official constitution repel it. Because of their achievements, they awarded Fujian an appeasement ambassador and a coastal garrison ambassador (collectively referred to as Fujian appeasement coastal garrison ambassador), who were very powerful in military and political affairs and commanding coastal defense along the appeasement.
Notes in Quanzhou Official Records: "At the end of the Song Dynasty, Pu Shousheng, a native of the Western Region, traded with his younger brother Shou Geng. At the end of the Xianchun period, Shou Geng went to Fujian to recruit officials and envoys to fight pirates ..." Shen Yuqing and Chen Yan compiled Fujian General Records, saying: "In the tenth year of Xianchun (1274), pirates invaded Quanzhou. ) Pu Shousheng and Shou Geng repelled it. " Wu, a native of Quanzhou, according to the textual research of Song Shi Ying Gong Du Zong Ji, Zhao Shunsun was appointed as Fujian's ambassador to Fujian in February of the tenth year of Xianchun (1274). Thus, Pu Shougeng was appointed as Fujian's ambassador to Fujian after February of the tenth year of Xianchun (1274).
Qing Gu Zuyu's Reading Historical Records Volume 95: "Pu Shougeng is a good Quanzhou, but at first he was just an outlaw. Shou Geng took advantage of the eagle and the dog, took a leave of absence and took a position. He has been good at marketing for 30 years, and he was officially recruited. ……"
Pu Shougeng is both an official and a businessman. He can trade spices in a wider scope by virtue of his power, and he can seize benefits and increase wealth through various "legal" means.
Pu Shougeng monopolized Quanzhou spice overseas trade for nearly 30 years in the late Song Dynasty. "He traveled to and from the sea with good people, resulting in huge output and thousands of children." Pu Shougeng has a large number of seagoing ships. 1973, he excavated a Southern Song ocean-going cargo ship in Houzhu Port, with a deadweight of more than 200 tons. The ship is rich in spices, including Dalbergia odorifera, sandalwood, agarwood, frankincense, dragon incense, pepper and so on. Some scholars believe that this seagoing ship may be a spice ship of the Pu family, which is "closely related to the spice industry of the Pu family".
In March of the first year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1275), shortly after Pu Shougeng was appointed as the special envoy to pacify the coastal capital of Fujian, Pu Shougeng took part in an anti-Song war. When Chen, the right prime minister, moved the capital, he killed the governor in front of the temple, causing the left-wing army in front of the temple to rebel. Xia Z, commander of the left-wing army, joined hands with Pu Shougeng and defeated them in succession, winning in Ruian (Wenzhou), Wenling (Quanzhou) and Sanyang (Chaozhou). (See the biography of Dong Wenbing in Yuan Dynasty)
Characters rebelled in the 13th year from Song Shiyuan to Yuan Dynasty, that is, in the year of German 52 (1276). In February, the Yuan army went south and surrounded Lin 'an. Yuan army is good at land warfare but shorter than naval warfare. It is said that Pu Shougeng is an old hand in maritime affairs and owns as many ships as possible. If we can recruit Pu Shougeng, it will not only seriously weaken the maritime power of the remnant Song, but also give a devastating blow to the remnant Song with the help of Pu Shougeng. Before the Yuan Army attacked Lin 'an, Bo Yan, commander-in-chief of the Yuan Army, sent Bubo and Zhou Qing to visit Pu Shougeng and Pu Shouke, but failed.
In 1952 (1276), in March, Bo Yan, the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty, fell to Lin 'an, and Emperor Gong surrendered, and the Southern Song Dynasty actually perished. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Ke, the younger brother of Emperor Gong, was sent to Fujian by an inheritor, hoping to recover. In May, Zhao G set up another court in Fuzhou, which was the first year of Jingyan (1276). Hoping to get the help of Pu Shougeng, he continued to fight Yuan along the coast of Fujian and Guangdong, so he appointed Pu Shougeng as the envoy of Fujian and Guangdong, and at the same time served as the "main city ship", giving him more power. The combination of prominent power and powerful maritime strength made Pu a pivotal figure in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.
In November of the first year of Song Jingyan (13th year of Yuan Dynasty 1276), Yuan soldiers entered Fujian from Zhejiang. In order to avoid the Yuan Army, with the help of Pu Shou K and Pu Shou Geng, Chen and Shao Shijie led hundreds of sailors in the Southern Song Dynasty to set sail from Fuzhou to Fashixia Village in the southern suburbs of Quanzhou, with Quanzhou as the capital.
Yuan (1341-1368) wrote in Quanzhou's Songs of Building Cities: "I heard that Jin Shu is the reason why the country is not in the city. You don't look at Quanzhou's closure of the city and don't accept Song Emperor. There was a city at that time. "
He Ming Qiao Yuan's Min Shu: "Jing Yan went to the sea and sailed to Quanzhou Port. He was divided into 2,500 Huai troops and ordered to keep Geng and take the boat. Shou Geng refused to accept a closed-door life and went to the table with Masako Sima Tian. "
Yang Ming and Si Qian's "Quanzhou Fuzhi" note: "Song Youshu went to Quanzhou, and the Song imperial clan wanted to respond, and the county chief Pu Shougeng closed the door."
Qing Qianlong's "Quanzhou Fuzhi" notes: "Song Zhuke went to the spring in Zhou and kept Geng visiting, so please stay in Zhang Shijie. Or persuade Shijie to stay alive, then all the ships will not follow, and Shijie will not follow and return vertically. Then there were not enough boats, and * * * plundered. In a rage, Shougeng killed the literati and Huai soldiers in the imperial clan and spring. ……"
According to the above information, regarding the incident of Jingdi's visit to the spring, some people said that Pu Shougeng "closed the door to thank guests" and "closed the door and refused to accept his life", while others said that "Shougeng came to see me, so please stay in Zhang Shijie". Therefore, Song Jun changed the berth to the Otter Cave in Waizhu, Quanzhou. Song Jun lacks ships and military assets. "Two thousand ships were plundered by Pu's ships, but there was no cargo." Pu Shougeng was furious and sent his best friend Sun secretly out of the city to meet the Yuan army on the way south.
In the 13th year of Yuan Dynasty (the first year of Jingyan in the Southern Song Dynasty, 1276), on the eighth day of December (the first month of the solar calendar, 1277), Yuan soldiers arrived in Quanzhou from Zhejiang, and the state capital, Park Shougeng, and Masako Sima Tian offered sacrifices to the city. "Quanzhou Fu Zhi" quoted Yu Fang's summary: "Song Pu Shou Geng returned to Yuan according to the county." Zhang Shijie had to escort Duanzong to move abruptly to Guangdong and then to Chaoyang via Zhangzhou. Before he left, he robbed more than 400 Pu's seagoing ships moored in Fashi area.
There is a powerful local elite group behind Pu Shougeng's reduction. They have a great influence on local politics and defense, such as Xia Z, who lives in Quanzhou and commands three generations of Wuwei Zuo Jun, Tian Zhenzi, who has the right to dispatch Quanzhou troops, Lin Chunzi, who was awarded the order to aid the city of Huachi, the road in Yongchun County, Yan Bolu, who returned to his hometown with the help of the whole city, and Sun, You Yongxian, Wang Yu and Jin Yong, followers of Pu Shougeng.
Pu Shougeng went down to the Yuan Dynasty and handed over his own ships to the Yuan Army to attack the remaining divisions of the Song Dynasty. Dong Wenbing, the general of Yuan Army, was good at giving gifts to Pu Shougeng with a golden roller when he led troops to the spring, and was praised by Yuan Shizu afterwards. The Yuan court awarded Pu Shougeng the title of General Zhao Yong, Commander-in-Chief of Fujian and Guangxi, and appointed military forces to promote Fujian and Guangdong ships. According to Yang Qingjiang and Chen Cangsong's Records of Fujian Shipping Company, Pu Shougeng only spent one year promoting shipping in the thirteenth year of Yuan Dynasty, and changed to a busy ancient belt in the fourteenth year of Yuan Dynasty. )
It should be true that Pu Shougeng, the imperial clan of Nanwai, was killed after the extinction of the Yuan Dynasty, but the time and details recorded in the materials are somewhat different.
One said it was July in the 14th year of Zhiyuan (1277), when Zhang Shijie attacked Quanzhou from Chaozhou.
He Ming Qiao Yuan's Min Shu: "In July of the following year (referring to the 14th year of Zhiyuan, 1277), Zhang Shijie returned from the sea to attack the city, and Shougeng sent Sun Laihang to ask for reinforcements, but refused to defend with You Yongxian, Wang Yu and Jin Yong, killing all the people in the city. If you attack for 90 days, Shijie will be free. "
Yang Ming and Si Qian's Quanzhou County Records: "Zhang Shijie returned to the army to attack the city, and the imperial clan wanted to respond. Shou Geng bought wine to prolong the imperial clan's desire to keep things with the city, and he killed them all in the wine. "
History of Zheng Sixiao's mind: "Ding Chou (1277) was in the second year of Jing Yan, and Zhang Shaobao arrived in Quanzhou, and many people gathered to meet him. The rebel Pu was detained by U for three days, killing tens of thousands of children from outside the country. "
It is said that in the 13th year of Yuan Dynasty (1276), he lived in Zhaog to Quanshi.
Qingganlong notes "Quanzhou Prefecture Records": "Song Zhuke Zhou Zhichun and Shou Geng are visiting, so please stay in Zhang Shijie. Or persuade Shijie to stay alive, then all the ships will not follow, and Shijie will not follow and return vertically. Then there were not enough boats, and * * * plundered. In a rage, Shougeng killed the literati and Huai soldiers in the imperial clan and spring. ……"
"Shu Min" says: Pu Shougeng "Anyone who is in the city will be killed by the paramilitary troops and their sons." Qing Qianlong's "Quanzhou Fuzhi" said: "Kill the imperial clan, the literati and the Huai army in the spring." However, there are different historical accounts about how many people Pu Shougeng killed.
Sun Zhaoyou, the 12th Song Taizu, said in Fuyuan Atlas completed at the end of Yuan Dynasty: "... there are more than 3,000 people in the southern imperial clan, and they are known to have suffered from it (Pu Shougeng)."
Zheng Sixiao's History of Mind said: "Kill tens of thousands of people outside the south."
The Zhao family tree of Yongchun Yuntai recorded the killing of more than 5,000 people.
Zhao's Genealogy of Nanwai Tianyuan recorded the killing of 3,000 people.
Song Shi said there were more than 2,300 people.
"Ji Bing, the Records of Quanzhou Prefecture" said: "Those who harm more than a thousand people in the imperial clan and scholars who are pregnant with soldiers in the spring are extremely vicious."
Kau Pak Shougeng, a Japanese Sangyuan, quoted Yang Ming and Si Qian's "Jeonju Chronicle" as saying: "Killing more than a thousand people in the imperial clan ... this should only be given to men who can carry weapons."
You know, if Pu Shougeng's killing of the Huai Army can also be understood as anger and revenge because the goods were taken away by the Huai Army in the Song Dynasty, then it is obviously problematic to kill Zhao Songzong. Moreover, Pu Shougeng's killing of Zhao Songzong's house was indiscriminate. As long as it is in Zhao Songzong's room under his control, they will all be killed. Even according to the most conservative estimate, the total number of these people (families/men) is more than two or three thousand.
Note: 1. According to different historical records, the number of people killed by Pu Shougeng in Zhao Songzong's room ranged from two to three thousand to tens of thousands. On the one hand, there is a reason for this huge gap.
The record includes the number of literati killed, and more importantly, the figure of two or three thousand people may only include the male of the imperial clan. Excluding women and children.
2. The so-called Huai Army refers to a group of exhausted and defenseless people who retired from the battlefield of Huai River and Huai River. This batch of Song Jun is mainly Huai people, the number is about 10000, and there are 2,500 elite soldiers. Although the whole Southern Song Dynasty claimed to be in charge of the troops at that time, the real core military force was the Huai Army, whether it was fighting capacity or loyalty. It is precisely because of this that Pu Shougeng wants to reduce the yuan, first.
In the history of China, so many regime changes were not caused by the slaughter of imperial clan, but by internal disputes of the royal family or by hostile countries after the savage aliens in the north went south. Moreover,
The imperial clan massacre was the only one, which was decided and executed by a local official.
Therefore, Zhang Shijie did not deceive himself. Pu Shougeng really made up his mind to surrender to the Yuan Dynasty in front of everyone. Judging from the thousands of rooms where he dared to slaughter Zhao Songzong, this * * * grew up in China, but he had no respect for the local imperial power in China. He has no sense of identity with DaSong and no humanity. He invited Song Duanzong into the city, more likely for the sake of doom.
After Pu Shougeng's true face was exposed, Zhang Shijie led troops to besiege the city, Pu Shougeng led Sodo south, Song Jun swept the road south, and Pu Shougeng and the Yuan Army, which had the largest fleet of all ethnic groups in East Asia, went south until the cliff mountain fought a decisive battle. ...
According to Wang Hanfeng's exposition and textual research on several problems of Pu Shougeng, it is estimated that Pu Shougeng probably slaughtered six or seven thousand people. Among them, there are more than 3,000 people in Nanwai Imperial Clan (according to Yang Ming and Si Qian's Quanzhou Fu Zhi, Shao Ding [1228- 1233] has more than 3,300 people in Nanwai Imperial Clan), and there are 2,500 Huai soldiers. The literati are unknown.
From the official of the Yuan Dynasty to the 14th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1277), the Yuan Dynasty established the City Shipping Company in Quanzhou. In April, Dong Wenbing met Yuan Shizu and said, "Keeping Geng in charge of the market means paying attention to his power, guarding Haikou for me (referring to the remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty) and inducing barbarians to submit." This is exactly the intention of the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty to reuse Pu Shougeng.
In July of the 14th year of Zhiyuan (1277), Pu Shougeng was appointed as the general of the town and participated in the political affairs in Jiangxi Province (Zhang Shijie returned to the besieged city, but he did not take up his post).
In July of the 14th year of Zhiyuan (1277), Zhang Shijie returned to Quanzhou from Chaozhou in the Southern Song Dynasty, "wishing for Pu Shougeng", and won Pu Shougeng in cooperation with the rebel Chen Tiaoyan and Mrs. Xu of She nationality, which was impressive. This is a life-and-death battle related to the fate of the Pu family, but at that time, the main force of the Yuan Army was not in Quanzhou, and the garrison was thin, and there were adherents of the Song Dynasty in the city, which was extremely unfavorable to Pu Shougeng. On the one hand, Pu Shougeng sent Sun to Hangzhou for help, on the other hand, he "conspired with You Yongxian, Wang Yu, Jin Yong and other departments to refuse to defend" and "fought bloody battles day and night". 10, Zhang Shijie surrounded Quanzhou for more than 70 days (three months before and after), and was forced to withdraw from Quanzhou and return to Guangdong due to the help of Yuan Yuanshuai. The victory of this defense battle dealt a heavy blow to the morale and strength of the remnant Song Dynasty, basically eliminated the situation of repeated seesaw in southern Fujian, and consolidated the rule of the Yuan Dynasty in Fujian.
In March of the 15th year of Zhiyuan (1278), Pu Shougeng was appointed as a political commissar of Fujian Province. In August, Pu Shougeng was appointed as Shu Zuocheng of Fujian Province, "to help coastal counties".
In February of the 16th year of the Yuan Dynasty (the second year of Xiangxing in the Southern Song Dynasty 1279), Pu Shougeng's shipmen were ordered to cooperate with the main force of the Yuan Army to attack Guangdong, "chasing two kings", Zhang Shijie was left on the cliff, the young master Xiangxing Emperor was buried in the sea, and Song also died.
In the 21st year of Zhiyuan (1284), in August, Pu Shougeng was appointed as the provincial official of Zuocheng, Jianghuai and other provinces, and also the provincial official of Quanzhou.
Pu Shougeng paid great attention to win over the old ministers of the Song Dynasty who missed the past but did not participate in the anti-Yuan struggle. For example, former Ji 'an well-known Zhuang Mishao and former punishments Langzhong Zhuang Mida were elected as Zhaoqing Daozhizhong and Guangzhou Daozhizhong respectively; Later, those Song Zongzi who survived for some reason were no longer investigated and even recorded as officials. This strategy has played a positive role in stabilizing the situation and consolidating the rule.
Pu Shougeng held a prominent position in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and his descendants made great achievements in the Yuan Dynasty. According to Pu Shougeng's three sons: Shi Wen (see Quanzhou People's Catalogue Pu), Shi Si and. In the 18th year of Zhiyuan (128 1), Shi Wen was appointed as a Taoist scholar in Fujian, and he was promoted with great achievements. He is an official in Pinghai, Fujian. Apprentice, officials went to the provinces to make peace.
His family moved to Quanzhou in the early 3rd century. The Book of Min (1274) contains: Xian Chun lived for ten years (1274), lived with his brother, made contributions to pacifying Haikou, and was tired of being an official in Fujian to appease the coastal capital, and was in charge of important military and political posts in Fujian. Zhao Cheng, the young master of the Song Dynasty, fled to Fuzhou to ascend the throne, hoping to rely on Pu Shougeng's maritime armed forces and Guangdong and Fujian to resist the Yuan Dynasty. In the first year of Jingyan (1276), Pu Shougeng was appointed as the envoy of Fujian and Guangdong, and as a sailor general. In the same year 1 1 month, Zhao Cheng led the remnants to the village outside Quanzhou, and Pu Shougeng refused to support Song Jun, killing about 3,000 Song imperial clan, scholar-officials and Huai soldiers in the spring. 1February, Pu Shougeng officially defected to the Yuan Dynasty. After demotion, it was highly valued by Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan. In the 14th year of Zhiyuan (1277), "General Zhao Yong was promoted, and both Fujian and Guangzhou promoted the affairs of Fujian and Guangdong, and changed to the town and state generals, and participated in the discussion of state affairs. Parallel Jiangxi saves trouble. " In the 15th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1278), in March, it was proclaimed that "Pu Shougeng wrote a letter to save Fuzhou and help coastal counties" (Yuan Shi 10). Pu Shougeng actively restores and develops Quanzhou's overseas trade with his rich management experience and prestige in overseas countries. In the 14th year of Zhiyuan (1277), Bos in Quanzhou was restored. In August of the following year, Yuan Shizu announced the policy of welcoming and protecting trade in Yuan Dynasty to overseas countries through Pu Shougeng and others. The following year, envoys and businessmen from Zhancheng (Vietnam) and Mabar (a religious country in the eastern Indian Peninsula) came to Quanzhou. Pu Shougeng advocated friendly exchanges with overseas countries and peaceful business, and discouraged the policy of abandoning overseas military activities in the early Yuan Dynasty. In the 16th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1279), in order to conquer Japan, the Yuan Dynasty ordered the construction of 600 warships, of which Quanzhou was responsible for 200. In the eighteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (128 1), Pu Shougeng said, "There are 200 seagoing ships, and today there are 50 successful ships. The people have worked hard. " Stop it by decree. Pu Shougeng abandoned the Song Dynasty and reduced the Yuan Dynasty, which saved Quanzhou Port from war damage, enabled China's overseas trade to continue to develop, laid the foundation for Quanzhou Port to become one of the largest commercial ports in the world in the Yuan Dynasty, and created favorable conditions for the arrival of Quanzhou's religious golden age.
Pu Shougeng, a sinful man, led Yuan into Song Dynasty and rebelled against Song Shiyuan. His nature was extremely bad. Quanzhou was favored by the Southern Song Dynasty for generations, but when the Southern Song Dynasty was in danger, it turned around and slaughtered the royal family and officials of the Southern Song Dynasty in Quanzhou, killing tens of thousands of civilians in order to please Meng Yuan. Even the Mongols were surprised. At that time, Mongolia destroyed the Song Dynasty. Compared with before, it was quite polite, even the fishing city where Meng Ge's legacy must be slaughtered was not slaughtered. Therefore, it is totally untenable for Pu Shougeng to take refuge in Mengyuan in order to save Quanzhou. What's more, these * * * people who lived in Quanzhou were the most cruel to the Mongols in the process of destroying the Song Dynasty.
Quanzhou Xu family uprising soldiers fought against Pu Shougeng, covering the second emperor to flee to the south, and were almost exterminated by Pu Shougeng. Yuan soldiers carried out the strategy of genocide in towns and villages, which not only set fire to Xu Hanqing and Mrs. Xu's hometown, Jinjiang Xuzhai Lane and Chencuokeng, but also forced Xu, Chen, Zeng and others in the second township to flee everywhere. The Xu clan in Nanzhao was also killed because of the anti-Yuan destruction, and almost all the troops were wiped out.
Monks in Qingyuan Shaolin Temple in Quanzhou opposed Pu Shougeng's demotion, but were suppressed by Pu Shougeng and Yuan. They led an army of 10,000 yuan into Shaolin, and more than a thousand monks were slaughtered, leaving only dozens to escape.
Through cruel slaughter and repression, Pu Shougeng finally took control of Quanzhou and became a loyal lackey of the Yuan Dynasty.
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Pu Shougeng family did the same thing, colluding with Quanzhou ships at that time, and creating the Semuna Uprising. But this time, the Pu Shougeng family was not so lucky at the end of the Song Dynasty. The mutinous soldiers were strongly suppressed by the yuan army, and the local Pushi family and even many people in the western regions were wiped out. Pu Shougeng and others were dug graves and slaughtered, and all the temples in Quanzhou except one were destroyed by religious vendetta caused by the war. Moreover, the fate of Platts did not end with the demise of the Yuan Dynasty. After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang decreed that all the Pu's family members of the Pushougeng family in Quanzhou were relegated to poverty, and they were not allowed to be officials from generation to generation. This kind of order was fair and comfortable in people's minds without anyone's objection in the Confucian society which was famous for its benevolence and righteousness at that time. In people's minds at that time, this was the retribution for Pu's slaughter of Zhao Songzong and Huaixi soldiers.
According to the legend of the site, Pu Shougeng's residence is about 300 mu south of Quanzhou, east to Tumen Street, west to Xiting, south to Quanzhou No.7 Middle School and north to Tushan Street. There are gardens, chessboard gardens, study halls, martial arts schools, kitchens and ancestral halls. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, his descendants had to flee anonymously. In order to avoid the punishment of "anti-color eyes" in the Yuan Dynasty, Quanzhou Pu changed his surname to Huang. Because of reluctance, I deliberately wrote the word "Miao" (Pu). Because Miao (Pu) and Pu have the same sound, if someone finds it dropped, add two points. In order to avoid extinction, they will burn headlights with the signal of Pu, and some will re-establish their surnames. Tracing back to the source, most of the Huang residents in Pukou, east of the pontoon bridge, are descendants of Pu.
The gate of Pu Mansion.
Pu's lane for receiving distinguished guests.
Wujiang Lane is the location of Pu's Wujiang Guild Hall.
Donglu Lane, where Pu children study, is named after Zhu's reputation as "walking by the sea" in Quanzhou.
Zaozi Lane, Pu's barracks kitchen.
In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, chess was very popular. In order to entertain guests, Pu Shougeng set up a chessboard garden in the north of the garden. Thirty-two beautiful women are used as chess pieces, and the famous brands of red and black chess pieces are held in their positions, waiting for the players to call for advance and retreat. Today, its website is called Chessboard Garden. There is an alley near Yiquan Palace called Thirty-two Alleys, which is a night show for thirty-two women who act as chess pieces, with one attic for each person.
To the south of the chessboard garden is the head of the garden, called Pushou Gengyuan, which is connected with Xiting and Chizai and called Pushou Gengyuan.
With Di Pushou K, we will build "Haiyun Building" and "Looking at the Sea" in Fashi, Donghai, and "One Million Mu Pavilion" downstairs. The site is in Haiyin Temple and Taohua Mountain. There are gorgeous villas and gardens in Yunlu Village near Fashi, and all kinds of exotic flowers and herbs, such as jasmine, have been introduced and spread to this day. There is Wumoshan Bay near Fashi, which is said to be the exclusive boat bay for the Pu Shougeng brothers.
Regardless of morality and nationality, on the surface, Pu Shougeng's demotion safeguarded the interests of the family and Quanzhou * * *, which seemed to be the case in the short term, but then the Pu family and Quanzhou * * * fell into the abyss of perdition.
Decades later, the descendants of the Pu family competed with the Yuan court for profits, and the Yuan court sent troops to attack Quanzhou, and Quanzhou's * * * and * * * religions were seriously damaged. "Anyone who destroys them in the western regions with high hair and nose is guilty of manslaughter. Close the door for three days "; Afterwards, "Pu thief (Pu Shougeng) was buried, and the goods of precious stones were not counted. Shougeng's eldest son was cruel in nature and killed Song Zongzi. There are many treasures in the cave, and the agate stone in the cave is it "; "Every body is naked, facing west"; "I was ordered to five punishments, abandon its U in the pig trough and report it to Song Xing for rebellion." (After "Shi Li") Pu Jiaxin * * *, so "facing the west naked" to avoid pigs is the biggest insult. Hatred to dig graves and execute corpses, it will kill members of the Puji clan very cruelly, and those who have to hide out in time or just outside can survive. * * * Most of the wealth, houses and temples were burned, killed and robbed.
A Brief Introduction to Pu Shougeng's Textual Research is divided into five chapters, including the general trend of Sino-Fan trade, overseas Chinese living in China, Pu Shougeng's predecessor, Pu Shougeng's official position in the Song Dynasty and his relegation, Pu Shougeng's official position and his relatives. The textual research of Sangyuan Tibetan language integrates the research results of Chinese and foreign scholars in various languages and has important academic value. This book has been affirmed by historians since its publication.
Book Information Book Name: Textual Research on Pu Shougeng
Author: Sangyuan \ Zang
Press: Zhonghua Book Company
Release date: May 2009-1
ISBN: 9787 10 1066678
Format: 16
Pricing: 29.00 yuan
Book catalogue: the general trend of fan trade in China
Chapter II The living conditions of Ke Fan in China.
Chapter III Pu Shougeng's Past Life
The fourth chapter is Pu Shougeng's official position in Song Dynasty and his demotion to Yuan Dynasty.
The fifth chapter is the official yuan of Pu Shougeng and his relatives.
Original name table of western language books