1, what is autism?

Autism is a kind of brain development disorder, which is characterized by social disorder, communication disorder and repetitive and limited interest behavior.

Autism begins before the age of three, and it is obvious after the age of three. Most children need long-term rehabilitation training and special education support.

2. Is autism and autism the same thing?

Yes, the professional name of autism is autism spectrum disorder (A S D). Autism and autism are two translation names of English autism.

Autism is mainly used by medical and special education circles in Chinese mainland. Autism is mainly used in Chinese-speaking countries such as China, Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan Province Province.

3. Is autism a mental illness?

Autism is not a mental illness, but most autistic children have psychological problems, such as cognitive, emotional and behavioral problems; Autism is not autism.

4. What kind of disability does autism belong to?

Since 2006, China has listed autism as a mental disability.

5. When was the earliest diagnosis of autism at home and abroad?

1943 Leo Ka 'nner, a famous child psychiatrist from Johns Hopkins University, published the first paper on autism.

The cases of 1 1 children are listed, and the concept of autism is put forward for the first time.

65438-0982 Professor Tao Guotai from the Department of Pediatric Psychiatry of Nanjing Brain Hospital reported 4 cases of autistic children for the first time, which attracted domestic attention.

6. What is the prevalence of autism?

At present, the average global prevalence rate reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) is 62/ 10000(0.62%), which is equivalent to one autistic child in every 160 children.

From the situation reported by various countries, the actual prevalence rate of autism may be even higher than this data.

7. Is there a gender difference in the incidence of autism?

There are obvious gender differences in the incidence of autism. The prevalence rate of boys is significantly higher than that of girls, and the ratio of male to female is 4-6/ 1.

8. Why is there autism?

The cause of autism is still unknown. Epidemiological studies have screened out many risk factors that may lead to autism, but none of them are the direct factors leading to autism.

It is generally believed that the interaction between gene variation and adverse environment, especially de novo mutation, may be the main cause of autism, but the specific pathogenic factors and mechanisms are still unclear.

Studies have shown that some factors, such as elderly parents, pregnancy infection, poor medication or exposure to chemicals in the first three months, may increase the risk of autism.

9. Is autism caused by incompetent parents?

No, decades ago, when people didn't know about autism, some people thought that improper methods of raising children by adults would lead to autism, especially the mothers of children.

There is a saying called "refrigerator mom theory", which means that a mother's cold parenting style will make her child suffer from autism.

This statement has been refuted by science and facts. Studies have confirmed that autism is a developmental disorder of the brain and has nothing to do with parental rearing patterns.

10, will the only child get autism?

No. Studies have found that autism occurs before the birth of a child, and the symptoms of autism gradually appear from a few months after birth to three years old. Some children behave like ordinary children at first, but their functions gradually deteriorate to produce autism symptoms.

It should be noted that the core symptoms of autism may last for life. Although scientific and timely rehabilitation can help autistic children make progress and become independent, it does not mean that autism stops in childhood.

1 1. Why can't a child be diagnosed with autism at birth?

There are mainly the following reasons:

(1) Before the age of 1, the range of children's behaviors is limited, and there is insufficient decisive diagnosis evidence for their behavior types and development, and there is no effective instrument to measure them.

(2) A large number of autistic children also have intellectual problems, and many parents ignore autism out of concern for mental retardation.

(3) One of the main problems of autism is language development, which cannot be fully recognized until the age of 3.

(4) Some autistic children have the same development as normal children from the beginning, and the symptoms of autism do not appear until 2-3 years old.

(5) Some parents lack understanding of their children's physical and mental development. At first they ignored it, but later they didn't believe it. They wanted to wait and see for a while, which delayed the diagnosis.

(6) At present, doctors in many hospitals lack the knowledge of autism diagnosis and enough clinical experience, especially the symptoms of autism at a young age are difficult to diagnose, so there are many cases where autism is regarded as a temporary disease.

12. If the first child is autistic, is it possible that the second child will still be autistic?

If there is no clear genetic test, having a second child does have certain risks. But the situation of every family cannot be generalized.

Generally speaking, more than 90% families with autistic children can also give birth to normal and healthy children; If the second child gives birth to a girl, the risk of illness is lower; Judging from cases around the world, there are few cases in which two consecutive children suffer from autism.

13. When do autism symptoms usually appear?

According to the Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Autism in Children issued by the Health and Family Planning Commission on July 23rd, 20 10, the onset time of autism in children is before 3 years old.

Among them, 2/3 children gradually developed autism symptoms after birth, and about13 children regressed after normal development 1-2 years, and began to develop autism symptoms.

14. Will autism be misdiagnosed?

Because the diagnosis of autism is based on behavioral symptoms, it is difficult to avoid misdiagnosis. If doctors have rich experience and professional knowledge, there will generally be no misdiagnosis.

The most likely misdiagnosis will occur in some very mild children, and their symptoms may be ignored by doctors.

In addition, for younger children, if systematic training is carried out, their situation will be obviously improved.

That's why with the growth of age, people around or parents feel that the child has been misdiagnosed, in fact, because the whole state of the child has recovered satisfactorily.

What are the main manifestations of autism?

(1) Social development

Lack of communication or communication skills with others, lack of safe attachment with parents;

Lack of eye contact with people, little or no active communication.

(2) communication

◆ Language communication barriers, backward language development, or language retrogression after normal language development, or lack of communication;

◆ Parrots learn to talk. Repeat advertising words that others have said or heard, etc.

(3) behavior.

◆ Refuse to change the habits and routines in daily life;

◆ Narrow interests, will be very focused on certain items, or be particularly interested in certain items;

Rigid, repetitive or ritualized behavior;

Other common behaviors include hyperactivity, distraction and self-stimulation behavior.

16, does every autistic child behave the same?

Autistic children behave differently from everyone. In terms of intelligence, it ranges from IQ below 40 to genius IQ 120 or above.

Language, from no language to mechanical parody, eloquence and even sophistry; Social interest, from not being interested in people to being interested in people to hating people.

In terms of interest behavior, from bottle caps to astronomy, from bricks to maps and traffic routes, from advertisements to historical biographies, from illiteracy to calculating perpetual calendars, ordinary people can't compare with the numerical calculation of square sum, from illiteracy to unforgettable memory genius.

In addition to the unique communication and social performance of autistic children, each child's performance is different.

17, can't autistic children talk?

Autistic children can speak, but generally lack the ability of language communication.

According to available data, about 25% of autistic children have no spoken language or only limited oral expression ability.

After rehabilitation training, with the improvement of social communication function, the language ability of autistic children can also develop gradually.

18. Is there any problem with the intelligence of autistic children?

According to a survey conducted by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2009, about 46% of autistic children have an average IQ or above.

Although there is no sensitive and reliable tool to test the IQ of autistic children, the IQ index provided above only represents an estimate.

However, this result shows that some autistic children have the same IQ as the general population, or even higher IQ. It has also been reported that 60% of autistic children are accompanied by different degrees of mental retardation.

19, do autistic people have aggressive behavior?

Autistic people generally don't deliberately attack others, just because of their communication and expression obstacles, sometimes they "communicate" with others in a different way from ordinary people, or when people don't understand their needs and wishes, behavioral and emotional problems will occur. Autistic people have no intention of hurting others, can't calculate people, and lack resistance, so they are considered to be the most real people.

20. Are autistic children particularly smart?

Autistic children vary greatly among individuals. Most of them have no special abilities, and only a few show "island wisdom", especially in painting, musical instruments, music, color, calculation, mechanical memory, orientation identification and so on. If they are properly guided, cultivated and transformed, these abilities will have positive significance for their career development.

2 1. Is there any problem with the feeling of autistic children?

Studies show that 56-90% of autistic children have sensory integration disorder, so most of them will have sensory problems.

For example, hearing sensitivity: some sounds I like, and some sounds I am particularly afraid of; Abnormal tactile sensation: I don't like hugging and touching; Analgesia: how afraid of pain; Visual abnormality: like or dislike special images, like strabismus and backward vision; Abnormal proprioception: I like taking a car, I am afraid of taking the elevator, and I like spinning around.

22. Is there anything wrong with the exercise of autistic children?

Some autistic children also have allergic or hypoallergenic manifestations in motor function, such as dislike of rough ground, easy motion sickness and seasickness, dislike of being pushed, and always holding on to something to keep balance when acting.

Others like to swing back and forth, like to turn around, don't like to sit still, like to stay active and so on.

23. Will autism be complicated with other diseases?

More than 70% of people with autism will have different types and degrees of other diseases (* * * disease).

Common diseases include mental disorder, abnormal sensory perception, gastrointestinal problems, attention disorder, mental retardation, epilepsy, immune imbalance, anxiety and depression.

These diseases will adversely affect the quality of life, rehabilitation effect and prognosis of autistic patients.

24. Is there a cure for autism?

Because the etiology and pathogenesis of autism are still unclear, there is still a lack of drugs for the core symptoms of autism.

Mainly relying on rehabilitation training and special education, drug therapy is an auxiliary symptomatic treatment, such as antipsychotics, antidepressants and ADHD drugs, which will help to treat related symptoms.

25. How to help autistic children in public?

As a stranger, seeing an autistic child can make different reactions according to the situation. If they take the initiative to say hello to you, we can nod and smile back.

If they have some inappropriate behaviors, we can ignore them and don't give advice to parents. Sometimes ignoring them is also a kind of tolerance and acceptance.

26. What is World Autism Day?

World Autism Day is called "World Autism Awareness Day". In June 5438+February, 2007, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution to designate April 2 as "World Autism Awareness Day" from 2008.

It aims to raise people's attention to the research and diagnosis of autism and autistic patients.

On April 2nd every year, the United Nations announces the theme of Autism Day, the Secretary-General of the United Nations will deliver a speech, and various publicity and advocacy activities will be held around the world.

Beijing xing hope children autism treatment rehabilitation professional organization