2. Table of Contents: A table of contents is a brief list of main paragraphs in a paper. (Essays don't need to be listed in the table of contents)

3. Abstract: It is an excerpt from the main content of the article, which requires short and pithy content. The number of words can be as few as dozens, and it is advisable not to exceed 300 words.

4. Keywords or subject words: keywords are selected from the title, abstract and text of the paper, and are words with substantive significance to express the central content of the paper. Keywords are words used by computer systems to index the content characteristics of papers, which are convenient for information systems to collect and provide readers with retrieval. Generally, 3-8 words are selected as keywords for each paper, and a new line is set at the bottom left of the "abstract".

Subject words are standard words. When determining the subject words, the paper should have a theme, and according to the indexing and collocation rules, it should be converted into standardized words in the subject glossary.

5. Text of the document:

(1) Introduction: Introduction, also known as preface, preface and introduction, is used at the beginning of the paper. The introduction should generally write the author's intention, explain the purpose and significance of the topic, and point out the scope of the paper writing. The introduction should be short and concise, and stick to the theme.

(2) Text of the paper: The text is the main body of the paper and should include arguments, arguments, argumentation process and conclusions. The main part includes the following contents:

A. Propose-demonstrate;

B. analyzing the problem-arguments and arguments;

C. solving problems-demonstrations and steps;

D. conclusion.

6. The references of the paper refer to the main documents listed at the end of the paper that can be referenced or quoted in writing. References should be marked on a new page according to GB77 14-87 "Description Rules of References at the End of Documents".

English: Title-Author-Publication Information (edition, publisher, publication date): Author-Title-The requirements for the references listed in the publication information are:

The references listed in (1) should be official publications for readers' textual research.

(2) The listed references shall be marked with serial numbers, titles of works or articles, authors and publication information.

I. Title

The title is the eye of the article. The titles of various articles have many styles, but no matter what form, they always reflect the author's writing intention and the main idea of the article in all or different aspects. The title of graduation thesis is generally divided into general title, sub-title and sub-title.

(1) general title

The general title is the embodiment of the overall content of the article. Common writing methods are:

(1) reveals the essence of the theme. This title form, which highly summarizes the content of the full text, is often the central argument of the article. It has a high degree of clarity, which is convenient for readers to grasp the core of the full text. Such titles are many and common. For example, on economic system model, on economic center, and my opinion on the reform of county-level administrative institutions.

2 types of questions. In fact, the author's point of view is very clear, but the meaning is euphemistic and needs readers to think. This form of title is easy to attract readers' attention because of its implied point of view. For example, "Is the family contract system a single job?" Is commodity economy equal to capitalist economy? "and so on.

(2) explain the scope of content. This form of title, from its own point of view, does not see the author's point of view, but only limits the scope of the article. On the one hand, it is difficult to summarize the main points of the article in one sentence; On the other hand, explaining the scope of the article can attract the attention of peers and readers, so as to attract * * *. This form of address is also very common. For example, the two-tier management system in rural areas of China, correctly handling the relationship between the central government and local governments, and the analysis of post-war western trade liberalization, etc.

4. Use judgment sentences. This title form limits the content of the full text and is flexible. The research object of this paper is specific and small, but the extended ideas must be strong and broad. This kind of title focuses on small things and big things, which is conducive to the expansion of scientific thinking and scientific research. For example, we can see the light of hope in rural China from the rise of township enterprises, scientific and technological progress and agricultural economy, and see the essence of beauty from the perspective of creating beauty through labor.

⑤ Use visualized sentences. Such as inspiring management system, dawn in the history of science and technology, and shining theory.

There are many styles of titles, and the author can make bold innovations in practice.

(2) Subtitles and Subtitles

In order to point out the research object, content and purpose of the paper, the general title can be supplemented and explained, and some papers can also be subtitled. In particular, some argumentative papers generally have a subtitle, such as adding a subtitle such as "discussing with XX" under the general title.

In addition, in order to emphasize a key point of the paper, a subtitle can be added. For example, how to look at the current labor remuneration difference-also talk about the bourgeois rights in distribution according to work, develop protein resources and improve the utilization efficiency of protein-and explore a development strategy to solve the problem of eating.

The main purpose of setting the subtitle is to clearly show the level of the article. Some use words, which generally express the central content of this level; Some also use numbers, which only indicate the order of "one, two, three", and play the role of connecting the preceding with the following. It should be noted that no matter which form is adopted, it is closely related to the content of the hierarchy and the close relationship between the upper and lower levels.

There are three requirements for the topic: first, it must be clear. It is necessary to reveal the scope or argument of the topic, so that people can know the general outline of the article, the main content of the discussion and the author's writing intention after reading the topic, instead of specious, hiding the head and revealing the tail, and playing hide-and-seek with readers. Second, be concise. The topic of the paper should not be too long. If it is too long, it will make people feel cumbersome and cumbersome, and they will not get a clear impression, thus affecting the overall evaluation of the article. Don't be too abstract and empty, and don't use very useful or invented words in the title, so as not to make readers feel like a sea of smoke when they see the title, and they can only understand it after reading the text completely. Third, it must be novel. The title, like the content and form of the article, should have its own uniqueness. Not unconventional, unconventional, fascinating and pleasing to the eye, thus arousing readers' interest in reading.

Second, the directory

Generally speaking, long graduation thesis has no subtitle. Papers with subheadings generally have a table of contents because of their multi-level content and complex theoretical system.

The purpose of establishing a directory is mainly to:

1. Let readers have a general understanding of the content and structure of the full text before reading this article, so that readers can decide whether to read it, whether to read it intensively or skim it.

2. It is convenient for readers to choose a sub-argument in the text. A long paper has many sub-arguments besides the central argument. When readers need to know more about a sub-argument, they can rely on the table of contents to save time.

The table of contents is usually placed in front of the text of the paper, so it is the guide map of the paper. To make the directory really play the role of a guide map, we must pay attention to:

1. Exactly. The content must be consistent with the outline of the full text. In other words, the title, subtitle and content of this paper are one-to-one correspondence.

2. Clear and correct. The table of contents should be marked with the page number of the table of contents one by one in the text. Page numbers must be clear and correct.

3. complete. Because the table of contents is the guide map of the paper, it must be complete. In other words, all the contents of the article should be reflected in the catalogue and must not be omitted.

There are two basic types of directories:

1. Text directory.

2. Digital catalogue. This kind of catalogue is rare. However, it is easy for readers to read long speeches, and some of them use this method.

Three. Platform for action

Abstract is the epitome of the full text. Here, the author outlines the overall appearance of the full text with extremely economical pen and ink; Put forward the main arguments, reveal the research results of the paper, and briefly describe the framework of the full text.

Abstract is an accessory part of the text, usually placed at the beginning of the paper.

The purpose of writing the executive summary is to:

1. In order to make the instructor have a general understanding of the main contents of the article before reviewing the full text of the paper, and know the main results and main logical order of the research.

2. In order to make other readers have a general understanding of the problems studied by the author by reading the executive summary, if there is a curse, they should read the full text further. Here, the abstract has become an "advertisement" to recommend papers to many readers. ?

3, the text should be concise. Writing should be carefully worded and expressed in concise and general language, and it is not appropriate to demonstrate every content.

4. The statement should be objective. Generally speaking, it is not appropriate to write only the objective situation of the research, make a subjective evaluation of the work process, methods and research results, and make a comparative explanation with other people's research. The value of a research achievement has its own public opinion, and there is no need to advertise itself. Therefore, seeking truth from facts is also the basic principle of writing abstract.

5. The language should be vivid. Writing should be concise, vivid and fascinating, and literary color should be reflected as much as possible in terms of text polishing, expression and structure, so as to arouse readers' desire to read the text.

Fourth, the text.

The text includes introduction, theory and conclusion. This is the most important part of the graduation thesis, which is discussed in detail in other chapters, so I won't repeat it here.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) reference

References, also called bibliography, refer to the books, newspapers and periodicals consulted by the author in the process of writing his graduation thesis, which should be listed at the end of the graduation thesis. There are three advantages to listing references: first, when the author himself finds that there is an error in the quotation, it is easy to find and correct it. Second, teachers of graduation thesis defense committee can know the breadth of students' reading materials as a reference for graduation thesis review. Third, it is convenient for readers who study similar problems to consult relevant viewpoints and materials.

Of course, the references listed in this article must be major monographs, papers and other materials that are closely related to this article and have played an important reference role in writing my graduation thesis. Don't make too many lists, no matter how light or heavy. The listed references should generally clearly indicate the title of the book or article, author, publisher and publication year. See: graduation thesis model essay for details.