First of all, human cloning violates the principle of ethical harmlessness.
Hurt the clone. The clone is another individual, another actor completely independent of the cloned original body, and this subject has been hurt. What harm have you suffered? First of all, from the perspective of technical possibility, we can't predict what kind of chain reaction will happen in this natural and interdependent system of organisms if a gene closely related to other genes is involved. According to the current knowledge, it is impossible to rearrange all the genes in the human genome accurately and make them work normally. It is precisely this that constitutes an important reason why people oppose human cloning. Because no one can rule out the risk that cloning technology is likely to lead to a large number of miscarriages and disabled babies.
Second, human cloning violates the principle of autonomy in ethics.
Human cloning activities often occur in the following situations: for example, a couple lost their only son in an accident, and they wanted him to be "reborn", so they made another child through cloning technology, and most of their genomes were copies of the previous one. In this way, although parents have satisfied a certain desire to a certain extent, this whole behavior pattern means a foreign decision to the copied child, depriving the child of that part of freedom (the so-called principle of autonomy is embodied in this freedom), and one of the most important essential characteristics of a person is embodied in his unrepeatable uniqueness. Werner, a famous German philosopher, said that a special priority of human beings is that everyone has his own unrepeatable characteristics. The above-mentioned couple did not have a second child because they liked the first child too much, but cloned the second child. The second child may be different from the first child, but the cloned child is not much different from the first child, which is equivalent to "rebirth" him. It can be seen that the second child is entirely to obey the parents' intentions. As a tool for parents, parents remember their lost children through him. The uniqueness that a clone should enjoy as a human being has been deprived, and his freedom not to have an identical person 30 or 60 years older than him has been rudely trampled. In Britain, there is an organization that manages artificial insemination, called Artificial Conception and embryology Administration, which intends to let deaf parents choose deaf fetuses according to their own wishes and eliminate healthy embryos in the cultivation of IVF. They think deaf people are good for communication and training, but a spokesman for the Royal Institute for the Deaf actually said that this choice is appropriate and we support it. If people can design and nurture their offspring according to their own wishes, then anything terrible can happen. Deaf parents choose to give birth to a deaf fetus, which probably wants to be a healthy person, but this is impossible. He was rudely deprived of his natural right to an open future as a human being. This of course violates one of the most basic ethical principles.
Third, human cloning violates the principle of ethical equality.
In cloning activities, there is a relationship between the designer and the designed. In human cloning activities, the future human gene configuration is determined by parents, doctors or countries, while individuals are only the result of the former's decision and creation. As we all know, design is based on the designer, and a human figure with differences between the designer and the designed is a basic violation of the principle of equality. Because people can't answer why he or anyone else has the right to be the designer of human characteristics and personality in the future. Obviously, there is a sense of moral superiority here. It seems that we, or a doctor, philosopher or chief executive of a country, have the right to control others. However, this mentality is not only absurd, but also politically dangerous.
China explicitly opposes human cloning, but gives practical support to the application of cloning technology in the field of human medical technology. "