Phosphate rock refers to the economic utilization of phosphate minerals, which is an important chemical mineral raw material. It can be used to make phosphate fertilizer, yellow phosphorus, phosphoric acid, phosphide and other phosphates, and can be used in medicine, food, matches, dyes, sugar making, ceramics, national defense and other industrial departments. Phosphate rock has been used in industry 100 years.

Characteristics of mineral raw materials

Phosphate rock can be divided into apatite and phosphorite according to its genesis.

Apatite refers to phosphate rock in which phosphorus exists in magmatic rocks and metamorphic rocks in the form of crystalline apatite.

Phosphate rock refers to the accumulation body formed by exogenesis and composed of aphanitic or micro-aphanitic apatite and other gangue minerals.

There are about 120 kinds of phosphorite known in nature, which are widely distributed. But judging from its quality and quantity, there are only a few phosphorus-containing substances that can be developed and utilized. In industry, apatite is the main phosphorus-containing substance for extracting phosphorus, followed by phosphate rock, struvite and copper sulfate. About 95% of phosphorus in nature is enriched in apatite.

(1) apatite mineral

The main chemical composition of apatite [CA5 (OP4) 3 (F, Cl, OH)] is calcium phosphate, and it also contains elements such as fluorine and chlorine. Apatite crystals are hexagonal columns, and aggregates are granular, dense, earthy and nodular. No impurities are transparent, and the common ones are light green, yellow green, brown red and light purple. The luster of glass or grease. The specific gravity is 3. 18 ~ 3.2 1 g/cm3. Hardness 5. It glows green when heated. There are five kinds of most common sediments in nature: fluorapatite, chlorophapatite, carboapatite, hydroxyapatite and fluorocarbon apatite.

(2) Other phosphorite-bearing substances

Bauxite: The theoretical chemical formula of standard bauxite is SrAl3 (PO4) 2 (OH) 5 H2O, and its chemical composition is P2O5 30.77%, SrO 22.45% and Al2O3 33. 12%. Phosphate rock is too hard for a knife to carve. The specific gravity is 3. 1 1. Because of the high content of P2O5, it can be used as phosphate rock, and contains a lot of strontium and rare earth elements, which can be comprehensively utilized.

The phosphate rock layer in Shifang, Sichuan Province is a kind of phosphate rock layer containing sulfur and calcium.

Blue iron ore: It belongs to phosphate, with the chemical formula of Fe3 (PO4) 2 8H2O, and its main components are P2O5 28.30%, FeO 43.0% and H2O 28.7%. Usually columnar, sometimes flat, sometimes spherical, flaky, radial, fibrous, earthy, etc. Specific gravity 2.68 0.0 1. Fresh crystals are colorless and transparent, with glass luster, light blue or light green in color, and dark blue, dark green or blue-black after strong oxidation, which is easy to identify. Blue iron ore is mainly produced in lignite, peat and forest soil with more organic matter, and also coexists with biogas iron ore. There are also blue iron ores in sandy phosphorite containing glauconite. Some blue iron ores are the products of phosphate minerals weathering of primary pig iron.

In addition to the above, common phosphate minerals also includes silver star stone, albite and red phosphorus stone.

Usage and technical and economic indicators

Main uses of phosphate rock

Phosphorus is an important part of biological cytoplasm and an essential element for plant growth. 84% ~ 90% of phosphate rock in the world is used to produce various phosphate fertilizers, 3.3% is used to produce feed additives, 4% is used to produce detergents, and the rest is used in chemical industry, light industry, national defense and other industries. In the consumption structure of phosphorite in China, phosphate accounts for 7 1%, yellow phosphorus accounts for 7%, phosphate accounts for 6%, and phosphide accounts for 16%. Phosphate fertilizer plays an important role in increasing crop yield. There are many kinds of phosphate fertilizers. At present, phosphate fertilizers produced in China are mainly high-efficiency compound fertilizers such as superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, deoxyphosphate and superphosphate, ammonium phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

Phosphate rock is also an important chemical mineral raw material. Part of phosphate rock is used to make pure phosphorus (yellow phosphorus and red phosphorus) and chemical raw materials, and a small amount is used as animal feed. Red phosphorus is used to make matches and phosphides. Yellow phosphorus is highly toxic and can be used as insecticide, incendiary bomb, tracer bomb, signal bomb, smoke bomb and igniter. Phosphorus and phosphates of boron, indium and gallium are used in the semiconductor industry. Used for refining phosphor bronze, phosphor pig iron and cast iron in metallurgical industry. Zirconium phosphate, titanium phosphate and silicon phosphate can be used as coatings, pigments, adhesives, ion exchangers and adsorbents. Sodium phosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate are used to purify boiler water. The latter can also make rayon. Sodium hexametaphosphate can be used as water softener and metal preservative, calcium phosphate as animal feed additive, and phosphorus derivatives as medicine. Aluminum dihydrogen phosphate adhesive has high fire resistance, good impact resistance, strong corrosion resistance and excellent electrical properties, and is used in cutting-edge technology. Fluorapatite crystal is the most ideal laser emitting material, and phosphate glass laser has been applied.

2. Influencing factors of phosphate rock flotation

Effect of Linoleic Acid/Oleic Acid (L) Value on Flotation Temperature and segregation index. The flotation test of Huangmailing phosphate ore shows that the greater the L value. The higher the comprehensive index k, the better the beneficiation effect. When the temperature is low, the fatty acid soap collector with high linoleic acid content should be selected.

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