Hurdling technique: a study of a pair of teenagers' hurdling technique
Abstract: Hurdling is a sport with high exercise value. Engaging in systematic hurdle training can not only develop students' physical qualities such as speed, bounce, flexibility and agility, but also help to cultivate students' psychological qualities such as courage, tenacity and decisiveness. Therefore, although the hurdle race is difficult, it is still a favorite sport for teenagers, and it is also an important content of physical education class and extracurricular training in middle schools.
Keywords: juvenile hurdle speed, strength, moving speed, running and crossing combination ability
Hurdling is a highly technical event in track and field events. It is required to cross a certain height and a certain number of hurdles on the premise of running fast, so it puts forward higher requirements for athletes' physical form, physical function, physical quality, sports technology and psychological quality. However, the teaching time of physical education class hurdles in ordinary middle schools is usually very short, especially in rural middle schools, which often lacks systematic training of track and field teams. It is very difficult to master the difficult hurdle technique in a short time. Therefore, in the annual county sports meeting, few students complete the competition with relatively correct hurdling skills, and more often they see the injury caused by hurdling. Over the past few years, I have accumulated some experience in training students to practice hurdles, and explored and studied the skills of teenagers' hurdles.
In my opinion, the basic requirements for the hurdle technique of young hurdlers are: quality training must be combined with the link movement technique and overall movement technique of special techniques to serve the improvement of hurdle speed and hurdle running speed.
1. Characteristics of Hurdles
1. 1 hurdles
Hurdles include men's1100m hurdles, junior high school men's100m hurdles, women's100m hurdles, junior high school women's 80m hurdles and men's and women's 400m hurdles. All the above items are composed of 10 columns, but the height and distance of the columns are different, so these projects are in some technical links. It consists of four parts: starting the first hurdle, hurdling, running between hurdles and finally sprinting. Hurdle is the key to determine the hurdle technology and sports performance. Hurdle consists of two parts: swinging leg and jumping leg (empty shear).
1.2 characteristics and difficulties of hurdle technology
1.2. 1 technical characteristics of hurdle race
Hurdle running is the key part of hurdle technology, which consists of jumping, flying over the hurdle and falling on the lower hurdle, and is the difficulty of the whole hurdle action. (1) Crossing: Keep a high running speed before crossing, and the last step is a little smaller than the last step. When the sole of the cross-legged foot touches the ground, the swinging leg swings forward from the back of the body, the big legs begin to close to the back of the body, and the knee joint swings to a height higher than the waist. When the legs push and swing together to complete the leaping action, the upper body leans forward, the other arm of the swinging leg swings forward and upward, and the other arm bends to one side of the body, forming? Attack column posture? . (2) Flying over the hurdles: After flying, the body's center of gravity moves forward along the flight trajectory formed by jumping. After the straddle is lifted off the ground, the thigh of the swinging leg continues to swing forward and upward until the knee joint exceeds the height of the hurdle and the calf swings forward quickly. When the sole of the foot approaches the hurdle, the swinging leg is almost straight and the toes are slightly upturned. Shoulders and arms of the swinging leg extend above the railing together, and the upper body leans forward so that the head approaches or exceeds the knee of the swinging leg slightly higher than the ankle. (3) Landing on the lower hurdle: the swinging leg actively presses down, and the cross leg accelerates to pull forward, and the legs are cut and twisted around the hips. When the sole of the swinging leg moves over the hurdle, the legs are bent and spread out, the calves are tightened and leveled, the toes are hooked on the heels and leaned against the hips, the knees are pulled forward, and the knees pass through the armpits. When the sole of the foot crosses the hurdle, the knee continues to tighten and lift to the midline of the body, the sole of the foot moves forward along the shortest route, and the body is in one leg-
1.2.2 technical characteristics of hurdle race
The length of the three steps between hurdles is different, and the relationship between the speed of each step and the support and flight time changes, forming a unique rhythm of hurdle race. The horizontal speed of the first step of hurdle race is reduced because of hurdle race, and the knee joint is always straight when starting on the ground, so the first step is shorter than the last two steps. The relationship between the movement structure, support and flight time of the second step is roughly the same as that of sprint. The third step is to form a quick short step by preparing for take-off, and the action characteristics are the same as those of the last step crossing the first hurdle.
2. Analysis and training of physical and mental development characteristics and hurdle skills of young hurdlers.
2. 1 Youth Strength Quality Development and Hurdling Special Strength Training
2. 1. 1 Development characteristics of teenagers' physical fitness.
Because teenagers are in the period of growth and development, their physical and mental development is not perfect, and their muscle strength is also in the period of growth and development, so their muscle strength is relatively weak. Hurdling is a sprint event, so the strength that sprinters need is what hurdlers must have. Hurdlers not only need the same needs as sprinters, but also need the strength of hip joint, which we call special strength. This kind of strength is unique and necessary for hurdle events.
2. 1.2 is mainly about speed and strength training.
The special strength training of young hurdlers should focus on speed strength training, and its exertion characteristics are basically the same as those of sprinting, which is explosive exertion. The explosive force depends on the contraction speed and strength of muscles and the coordination ability of the central nervous system. Therefore, speed and strength training must be combined with the characteristics of special sports, that is, speed and strength training should be combined with special technical movements in order to effectively improve the special performance of hurdle race.
2.2 Teenagers' Speed Quality Development and Hurdling Special Speed Training
Similarly, teenagers in the growth and development period are relatively weak in muscle strength, and the speed depends on the unit time spent completing technical movements, that is, the action cycle. Therefore, it is very important to improve teenagers' speed quality and hurdle speed, master sports skills skillfully, improve the contraction speed and strength of muscle groups, improve the sensitivity of nerve process, shorten the action cycle and speed up the action frequency.
2.3 Young people flexible coordination quality development and hurdle special flexible training
2.3. 1 characteristics of flexible and coordinated physical development of adolescents
Teenagers are in the period of growth and development, the bones are not completely calcified, and the muscles and ligaments are also in the period of growth and development, and the muscle elasticity and joint flexibility are better than those of adults. Hurdling requires athletes to have better flexibility and coordination. Special flexibility and sensitivity training not only plays a positive role in increasing the elasticity of muscle groups, but also requires high flexibility and sensitivity of the body in hurdle sports, especially for shoulder straps, trunk and hip joints.
2.3.2 Introduce flexibility training methods and flexibility training in hurdles.
Adolescence is the best time to develop flexibility and coordination. Attention should be paid to the development of flexibility and flexibility of hip, waist and shoulder, and combined with the requirements of special skills, the range of motion ability of hip and shoulder and the stretching ability of ligament should be improved.
2.4 The development of teenagers' psychological quality in hurdles and the introduction of training methods.
By replacing hurdles, shortening the distance between hurdles, lowering the height of hurdles and running with others, students' learning difficulty can be reduced, their psychological obstacles of being afraid of hurdles can be eliminated, and their confidence in running the whole course can be established.
References:
[1] Lv Xinying. Human physiology [M]. Education press.
[2] Human Anatomy Compilation Group. Human anatomy [M]. Higher education press.
[3] tian maijiu et al. Sports Training [M]. People's Education Press.
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