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With the acceleration of urbanization and motorization, traffic congestion is rapidly becoming one of the important problems that restrict the development of cities in China. Based on the present situation of urban traffic, this paper expounds the characteristics of rail transit, and discusses the great advantages of rail transit system in urban construction in environmental protection, rapidity and safety.
[Keywords:] rail transit, subway, light rail sustainable development
The development of modern urban transportation has promoted the great progress of social productive forces, met people's growing demand for transportation consumption, promoted the prosperity of cities and brought great wealth to mankind. But at the same time, road congestion, frequent accidents, air and noise pollution, energy shortage and other problems have also followed. Due to the travel and population movement of modern urban residents, it is a common phenomenon that the passenger flow is highly concentrated and the flow direction is roughly the same during the peak hours of a day, but it is difficult to adapt to the needs of modern passenger transport only by vehicle transportation, especially in big cities and some rapidly rising medium-sized cities.
The experience of traffic development in big cities abroad also proves that it is impossible to fundamentally solve urban traffic problems by road traffic alone. China's highly dense urban population and limited road space resources determine that China should give priority to the development of urban rail transit system with the least per capita road space resources, the lowest energy consumption and pollution. It is imperative to focus on developing a new urban public transport network system with rapid rail transit as the backbone.
First, the characteristics of urban rail transit engineering
Urban rapid rail transit system (subway, light rail) belongs to a multi-disciplinary complex system. The development experience of many big cities in the world for nearly a hundred years tells us that only by adopting the rapid rail transit system as the backbone network of public transportation can the urban traffic problems be effectively solved.
1. Urban rail transit provides large-capacity transport services.
Urban rail transit provides a resource-intensive, environment-friendly, comfortable, safe and fast large-capacity transportation service mode. It does not interfere with other urban means of transportation, has strong transportation capacity, high service level and remarkable resource and environmental benefits, and is the fundamental way to solve the traffic problems and sustainable development of megacities.
2. Intensive mode of rail transit.
Rail transit not only provides efficient and high-quality bus travel service, but also is an intensive mode of transportation that saves energy and land resources. The process of motorization in big cities is accelerating, and simply adding cars on wide roads can no longer solve the urban traffic problem. After all, the potential utilization capacity of bus lanes is limited, and the inefficiency of individual scattered traffic in the use of land resources is obvious. The supply of ground transportation provided by land resources in the central business district has gradually dried up. By developing valuable underground space resources, it can provide new traffic supply, alleviate the shortage of ground space resources and support the sustainable development of the city.
3. Urban rail transit is a huge comprehensive and complex system.
(1) The construction scale is large, and the rail transit network of a city is generally more than 100 kilometers to hundreds of kilometers.
(2) The technical requirements are high, almost involving the high-tech fields used in modern civil engineering and mechanical and electrical equipment engineering.
(3) The project investment is large, with a cost of 300-400 million yuan per kilometer.
(4) The construction period is long, 4-5 years for single-track construction and 30-50 years for network construction.
(5) There are many participating units, with hundreds.
(6) The information is massive. The amount of information generated in the process of construction and operation is very large, and the processing work is very heavy.
(7) The system is complex, and the relationship between rail transit and other modes of transportation and urban development, the relationship between rail transit network layout, construction sequence and resource sharing, and the relationship between rail transit project planning, construction, operation and resource utilization should be considered.
Second, the advantages of rapid rail transit compared with other modes of transportation
At present, China's urban traffic demand is increasing, and economic growth and income increase will stimulate the future urban traffic demand, which will lead to the deterioration of environmental pollution, increased land consumption and urban traffic congestion.
The development of urban social economy needs a safe, efficient, clean and economical urban transportation system; The improvement of the quality of life of urban residents needs safe, convenient, comfortable, fast and low-cost public transport services; The improvement of urban environment needs traffic policies that are conducive to environmental improvement. Therefore, the development goal of urban traffic must be coordinated with the economic development goal of urban society.
Compared with its competitive mode, the transportation system based on rail transit has great technical advantages: greater traffic volume, effective land use, lower energy consumption per kilometer and environmental pollution. Environment is a matter of great concern in modern society, because electric traction and large-capacity centralized transportation are widely used in urban rail transit. Therefore, the pollution caused by each passenger is much lower than that caused by other modes of transportation.
In addition, the development axis of rail transit can guide the change of urban form and help realize the gathering benefits of commerce and trade. This is the inevitable choice for the sustainable development of megacities and their transportation.
Third, the advantages of rail transit system compared with the mode of transportation
(1) Improve the urban environment. Using rail transit instead of public transportation has become the first choice for public commuting tools. By reducing the number of cars and buses driving in the city center, automobile exhaust emissions in urban areas will be greatly reduced and air quality will be improved. Foreign research shows that the carbon dioxide emission per unit transportation volume of rail transit is only 10% of that of cars and 25% of that of buses.
(2) Greatly alleviate traffic congestion. Rail transit is also a means of transportation with a large volume of traffic. Rail transit in many big cities abroad accounts for more than half or even 80% of the total passenger traffic. The subway can transport 30,000-60,000 passengers in one direction, the light rail can transport 20,500-20,500 passengers, and the bus can transport 2,000-5,000 passengers.
(3) Traffic safety is improved, and the safety of rail transit is several times higher than that of cars and buses;
(4) A convenient and efficient rail transit system will improve the mobility and mobility of citizens;
(5) The improvement of traffic accessibility will inevitably increase the land price of cities along the route and the value of property and real estate development along the route;
(6) Promote the transformation of old cities and the development of new cities along the rail transit. Because rail transit can provide a fast and low-cost tool for medium and long-distance commuting, urban residents will spread to the suburbs along the track;
(7) The construction, operation and maintenance of rail transit system will stimulate domestic demand and create new employment opportunities;
(8) The development axis of rail transit is helpful to realize the business agglomeration effect, change the urban form, rationally allocate resources and promote the upgrading of industrial structure and consumption structure.
In short, through the comparative analysis of rail transit and other common modes of travel, we find that compared with public transportation modes such as buses, private cars and bicycles, rapid rail transit has unique advantages such as large volume, low pollution, low noise, low energy consumption, high speed, low cost, small land occupation, good comfort and all-weather service, which cannot be replaced by other modes of transportation. In big cities, especially megacities, it is necessary to build an integrated and comprehensive urban transportation system with rail transit as the backbone to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion and ensure the sustainable development of the city.
Four. The benefits of rail transit system to cities or regions
Because the rail transit system is fast, punctual and comfortable, passengers will be more willing to ride, which will attract the original cars, bicycles and pedestrians, thus increasing passenger flow. Especially, if we can win the passengers of private cars, it will alleviate the pressure caused by road traffic on the environment, such as noise, exhaust emissions, road land, etc., improve road safety, and help to reduce the traffic pressure in the city center without destroying the flow of people.
Vigorously developing rail transit is of great significance for upgrading urban structure, solving economic and social contradictions in urban development and realizing sustainable development strategy.
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