1. 1. 1 ancient civil engineering

The time span of ancient civil engineering is very long, from the Neolithic Age in 5000 BC to the middle of17th century, about 7000 years ago. Brilliant achievements have been made in building construction, bridge engineering, water conservancy engineering and iron tower engineering. Many masterpieces handed down from ancient civilizations still stand today. For example, the Great Wall in China and the Egyptian pyramids. Zhao Zhouqiao, built in the 6th century, is the earliest open-shouldered arch bridge in the world. It was selected as 199 1 by the American Civil Engineering Society, as the world 12 civil engineering milestone.

1. 1.2 Modern civil engineering

The time span of modern civil engineering is about 300 years from the middle of17th century to the middle of 20th century. During this period, building materials changed from natural materials to man-made materials, and the construction theory also changed from summing up long-term construction experience to attaching importance to science and giving consideration to experience. In terms of construction technology, some large-scale machinery with excellent performance is accompanied by the emergence of various extremely effective construction methods, which makes people start to build civil engineering with complex structure or harsh environment. The Eiffel Tower, Empire State Building and Golden Gate Bridge built in this period are still great civil works.

1. 1.3 Modern civil engineering

Modern civil engineering began in the middle of the 20th century. Today, civil engineering has made great progress in building materials, structural theory and construction technology.

In terms of building materials, high-strength concrete, high-strength low-alloy steel, polymer materials and tempered glass are increasingly appearing in buildings. In structural theory, using the powerful calculation and drawing ability of electronic computer, the results of mechanical analysis and calculation are more in line with the actual situation of the results, and the structural design is more reliable. For building technology, it has developed into the integration of machinery, electricity and computer. In the process of construction, whether it is going to heaven, going into the ground, climbing mountains or going into the sea, it is no longer an obstacle to construction; With the wide application of welding technology, the development of steel structure has entered a new stage.

The world-famous buildings created by modern civil engineering include: Taipei International Finance Center, Shanghai Jinmao Tower, Petronas Tower in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and cable-stayed bridge in Normandy, France.

1.2 Understanding the current situation of civil engineering

Today's civil engineering is more and more closely combined with its use function or production technology.

Modern technologies and equipment such as architecture, structure, water supply and drainage, heating, ventilation, gas supply and power supply required by public buildings and residential buildings are increasingly integrated.

Industrial buildings require constant temperature, constant humidity, micro-vibration, corrosion protection, radiation protection, fire prevention, explosion protection, magnetism protection, dust prevention, high (low) temperature resistance and high (low) humidity resistance, and develop in the direction of long-span, overweight and elastic space.

In addition, a large number of high-rise buildings have sprung up, underground projects have developed rapidly, urban viaducts and overpasses have appeared in large numbers, and rapid transportation and large-scale water conservancy projects have been gradually realized.

It is worth mentioning that after the reform and opening up, China's comprehensive national strength has been greatly improved, and it has the conditions for developing and utilizing water resources on a larger scale. For example, the Three Gorges Project and the South-to-North Water Transfer Project are world-class large-scale water conservancy projects.

1.3 understanding of the future development of civil engineering

With the deepening of China's reform and opening up and the rapid economic development, China will face a greater climax of construction. It can be said that with the leap of national economy, we are facing a great period of great development of civil engineering. Moreover, such an excellent development environment has been and will continue to receive urgent attention from western countries.

As a cross-century generation, this excellent situation provides us with an unprecedented opportunity to display our talents and impact the international level. At the same time, we also deeply feel that this is an era in which opportunities and challenges coexist, cooperation and competition interweave, and innovation and conformism. How to grasp the development trend of civil engineering at the turn of the century and create a new era of civil engineering with China characteristics and world-class level is a severe challenge to our cross-century generation.

2. My feeling and understanding: China civil engineering should take the road of sustainable development.

China's civil engineering has its particularity.

"China is the most populous country in the world. A large resource divided by 65.438+300 million becomes insignificant, and a small problem multiplied by 65.438+300 million becomes a big problem. " Professor Liu Sila's words really showed the difficulties of our country. The total amount of coal, oil, natural gas, water and forest resources in China ranks among the top in the world, but its per capita share is lower than the world average. Population, energy, education and pollution have become four serious problems facing our country. It is urgent to take the road of sustainable development. Civil engineering must also be based on the long-term and take the road of sustainable development.

Looking around the world, the modernization process of the United States can be described as advanced, but the current data show that in the future, the United States will invest 654.38+0.6 trillion US dollars to solve the unsafe state of existing projects, such as the corrosion of buildings by chloride ions. As a contemporary civil engineer, while inheriting the brilliant achievements of predecessors, we should also learn more lessons from accidents, innovate and improve in our future work, and realize sustainable development.

2. 1 Develop high technology and apply structural health monitoring to realize sustainable development.

In the actual use of civil engineering, there will be different degrees of damage or performance degradation, which will affect the bearing capacity and durability, and even lead to serious engineering accidents, which will bring heavy casualties and economic losses and have a serious social impact. Therefore, from the moment the building is completed, it is necessary to prepare for health monitoring, repair and reinforcement.

2.2 Make rational use of natural resources, pay attention to the reuse of existing civil engineering facilities, and realize sustainable development.

"Sustainable development is to meet the current needs without sacrificing future generations and meet their needs and abilities".

In order to make rational use of natural resources, civil engineers should actively save energy and land in the process of construction, use and maintenance of civil engineering, and give full play to the role of existing civil engineering facilities.

For example, we can make full use of building greening to effectively reduce the surface temperature of gray brick walls in summer, thus reducing the use of air conditioners; Energy-saving thermal insulation porous brick or composite wall can be used as wall material to achieve the effect of thermal insulation in winter; You can also use new energy sources such as solar energy and underground heat energy to reduce the consumption of non-renewable resources.

In addition, the reuse of existing buildings is also one of the important means of sustainable development. In this regard, Shanghai has gained a lot of successful experience: a large number of idle factories have been transformed into exhibition halls, office buildings and artists' studios. Such transformation and reuse not only meet the requirements of modern use, but also save energy and avoid waste, which is an effective method.

2.3 Development and utilization of renewable resources and green resources to achieve sustainable development.

The waste concrete demolished every year and the waste concrete produced by engineering construction in the world will produce a huge amount of construction waste. China's construction projects produce 40 million tons of construction waste and 6.5438+0.36 million tons of waste concrete every year, which has a heavy workload and serious environmental pollution. In addition, China is the largest cement producer in the world in recent 20 years, which is itself an industry with high resource consumption, high energy consumption and high environmental pollution.

Compared with other materials, steel and recycled concrete are more in line with the standards of green building materials, and such green building materials should be vigorously developed.

In this regard, the Aichi World Expo in Japan has taught us a vivid lesson: in terms of materials, the various building materials of the Expo look very high-grade, but many of them are waste utilization. Many wooden blocks are made of building waste wood, and chairs placed everywhere are made of crushed TV shells. The interior wall of Toyota Pavilion is made of recycled waste paper. Japan Pavilion, a long-term venue, not only pursues the harmony between man and nature, but also saves economic expenses. Most of the steel and wood used can be recycled. At the same time, the superiority of bamboo wall is also obvious in the hot summer from March to September in Aichi. The performance of bamboo itself greatly reduces the indoor temperature, and the use of air conditioners is also significantly reduced. This has made me think a lot: in the selection of building materials, we should apply natural renewable resources in appropriate places to save expenses and realize the harmonious and sustainable development of ecology and architecture at the same time. Why not?

In addition, in the long-term venues of the Aichi World Expo in Japan, in order to reduce the heat load, the cocoon-shaped Japan Pavilion has achieved the environmental protection function by using wall greening, biodegradable plastic materials and thinning wood (fine wood cut in the forest). The theme of Aichi World Expo is "the wisdom of nature", and the exhibition hall is built with a large number of modern scientific and technological achievements, which highlights environmental protection and functionality, and embodies human's diligent pursuit of natural beauty. And this should also be the direction that civil engineers should learn and develop in the future. In China, the Yangpu Bridge designed by Professor Brandon Lee is also a classic. The spiral rising structure of the approach bridge can save hundreds of millions of yuan, which is a model for civil engineering to achieve sustainable economic development.

Of course, sustainable development is by no means a blind pursuit of economy, but a most reasonable intermediate state, which not only ensures that the building has enough creativity, but also pursues perfect technical and economic indicators, and obtains the maximum benefit with the least investment. We still have to create classics, but we must not waste money and consume more resources and energy. Today, the architectural world has entered the era of ecological aesthetics. Paying attention to the relationship between culture, ecology, engineering and environment, and paying attention to humanization, energy saving and sustainable development are the focus of contemporary engineers.

3. Examples of civil engineering around us

I mentioned many examples of civil engineering above and described my understanding of them. Next, I want to talk about my understanding of Sutong Bridge.

Sutong Bridge connects Suzhou and Nantong, two ancient cities, and now it is showing its majestic posture. This 32.4-kilometer-long bridge is the first one under construction in the world.

According to He Ping, deputy commander of Sutong Bridge construction, Sutong Bridge consists of three parts: cross-river bridge project and south and north shore wiring project. The whole line adopts the standard of two-way six-lane expressway. The total investment of the bridge is about 6.45 billion yuan, and it is expected to be completed by the end of 2008. The construction process of Sutong Bridge will overcome a series of worldwide problems and create the best of the four worlds.

Maximum main span. Sutong Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge. Cable-stayed bridges have been built since 1950s, and there are more than 200 cable-stayed bridges in the world. At present, the world's largest span cable-stayed bridge has been built, with a main span of 890 meters, the main span of Stonecutters Bridge in Hong Kong1kloc-0/8 meters, and the main span of Sutong Bridge 1088 meters, which will become the world's largest span cable-stayed bridge after completion.

The deepest foundation. The main pier foundation of Sutong Bridge consists of 13 1 bored piles, with a length of about 120m, a diameter of 2.5m-2.8m, a bearing length of 1 14m and a width of 48m. It is the largest bridge pile foundation in the world and the deepest buried.

The tallest tower bridge. At present, the tallest bridge tower built is the 224-meter steel tower of Duoduoluo Bridge, and Sutong Bridge Tower is a concrete tower with a height of 300.4 meters, which is 6 meters higher than the Stonecutters Bridge under construction in Hong Kong, making it the tallest bridge tower in the world.

The longest cable. The longest stay cable of Sutong Bridge is 577 meters, and its maximum weight is 59 tons, which is 100 meter longer than that of Duoduoluo Bridge, and it is the longest stay cable in the world.

Feng Maorun, chief engineer of the Ministry of Communications, said that Sutong Bridge is the first long-span cable-stayed bridge in the world and will become the first landmark building in China's transformation from a bridge power to a bridge power.

4. The qualities that civil engineering professionals should possess.

To be an excellent civil engineer, you must have "four elements", namely, knowledge structure, practical skills, ability structure, comprehensive quality and innovative consciousness.

The knowledge structure includes public basic knowledge, professional basic knowledge and professional knowledge.

First of all, excellent civil engineers must have a solid basic knowledge of public affairs. On the basis of being familiar with natural science, good ideological and moral quality and basic knowledge of humanities and social sciences are also essential.

Secondly, excellent engineers must also have excellent professional basic knowledge. Have a solid understanding and strong application ability in engineering mathematics, fluid mechanics, geotechnical engineering and structural engineering.

Third, we should have in-depth professional knowledge. Whether engaged in railway engineering, tunnel engineering, underground engineering or construction engineering, every engineer should have advanced professional knowledge in a specific industry. Only in this way can China's civil engineering career be in the forefront of the world.

Civil engineering is inseparable from practice. Therefore, engineers should have superb practical skills. For example: drawing skills, computer application skills, engineering survey skills, structural detection skills.

As an undergraduate in the College of Civil Engineering, I will try my best to master computer language and programming skills during my four-year study in the university, cherish every opportunity of computer practice, master the basic methods of general structural experiments in college physics experiments, material experiments and structural experiments, initially have the skills of structural inspection, do a good job in technical practice and curriculum design, and strive to win the prize in the structural design competition.

In addition, the difference between engineers and scientists is that they are not only restricted by natural laws, but also by social laws. Every project completed by engineers and technicians is a kind of "social activity", and it is impossible for a person to complete it alone in the room. Therefore, we must have enough ability to cope with society and follow social laws.

In my study life, I will constantly improve my self-study ability, improve my engineering ability from my study, improve my management ability from my student work, gradually improve my knowledge structure, cultivate my scientific and technological development ability from it, and make more efforts in my expression ability and public relations ability.

However, these skills do not constitute civil engineers who really contribute to the sustainable development of China. Because the most important thing for engineers is to have noble moral and cultural cultivation and ideological quality. Devote oneself to the cause of the motherland for the benefit of the country and the nation. We can have a strong sense of competition for the honor of our country. There are dialectical materialist thinking methods, down-to-earth, rigorous and hard work style. Only in this way can we become a qualified civil engineer in China.

We should also see that there is still a certain gap between China's civil engineering cause and the world-class level. For example, in many high-rise buildings in China (including Shanghai World Financial Center), almost all their engineering designs are undertaken by foreign countries, almost all their steel products are imported from abroad, and most of their general contracting projects are undertaken by foreign countries. Only the production and installation of steel structures are undertaken by domestic units. Let our younger generation get completely independent intellectual property rights, realize the localization of engineering buildings and catch up with the international level!

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