China and the United States are among the top economic entities in the world at present, while China and the United States are also one of the largest trading partners in the world. Especially since China joined the WTO, the import and export trade volume between China and the United States has greatly increased. Therefore, it is not only typical but also of great significance to study the current situation and trend of Sino-US trade and the trade friction between the two countries.
Since the reform and opening up, China's import and export trade has grown substantially, which has had a significant and far-reaching impact on enhancing China's international influence, promoting domestic economic development, and promoting industrial restructuring and scientific and technological progress. In recent years, China's import and export trade has gradually formed a trade pattern dominated by the United States. From the following table 1, we can see the total foreign trade of China in recent years. At the same time, from Table 2, we can see the current trade scale and development trend between China and the United States.
Second, the characteristics of Sino-US trade From Table 1 and Table 2, we can easily see that Sino-US trade has at least two characteristics:
(1) China and the United States have close trade relations. At present, China and the United States have become the largest foreign trade subjects and trading partners in the world. Since 2005, its annual trade volume has exceeded $200 billion. According to the statistics of the US Department of Commerce, in 2009, China was the second largest trading partner, the third largest export destination and the main import source country of the United States.
(2) The import and export trade between China and the United States is unbalanced. China's exports to the United States are greater than China's imports from the United States. In other words, I have always had a large trade surplus with the United States. Among them, the largest year reached about 6543.8 US dollars+070.9 billion US dollars. The existence of this situation has become the inevitable trade friction between the two countries.
Third, the problems existing in Sino-US trade According to the general trade theory, the greater the foreign trade volume, the greater the promotion of national economic development; If the trade volume between the two countries is greater, the strategic partnership will be closer. However, judging from the current international situation, this kind of trade between China and the United States is not ideal. This is because:
(1) Unreasonable trade structure:
China's import and export to the United States not only has a huge surplus every year, but also exports mainly low-tech primary products and daily necessities, which means that we mainly export cheap raw materials and primary products and cheap labor. These products not only have low added value, but also cause great waste and pollution in the production process.
(2) The increase in the balance of import and export trade affects trade relations. China's huge foreign trade surplus (mainly the United States) has been accumulating and expanding, which not only makes China's foreign exchange reserves show a rapid abnormal growth trend (currently reaching more than 2 trillion US dollars), but also makes the United States have a huge trade deficit and financial deficit at the same time of abnormal consumption growth, which has aroused great dissatisfaction from the US government and people in emerging countries including China. At present, anti-dumping lawsuits against China are increasing every year, as evidenced by the recent rise of trade protectionism in the United States.
Four. Reflections on Sino-US trade since the second half of 2009, the United States has triggered a global financial crisis, which has evolved into a world economic crisis. The outbreak and spread of this crisis has not only greatly damaged the interests of the United States itself, but also brought serious misfortune and challenges to the economies of all countries in the world, including China.
In response to this crisis, China has introduced some corresponding measures to stimulate domestic demand. It can be considered that this is a correct decision. However, in the long run, we should reflect on China's foreign trade system and form. These reflections include:
(1) coordinating foreign trade dependence As an economic power, its resources and population are relatively rich. Our economic development model, timely allocation of funds, reasonable arrangement of capital investment in various time-limited projects, and combination of length and length can achieve stable and reliable benefits.
④ Diversified development types. Real estate commodities can be divided into several types, such as houses, hotels, office buildings, commercial buildings, industrial workshops and tourism real estate. Each category can be divided into several small items, such as houses can be divided into high-grade houses, ordinary commercial houses, affordable housing, low-rent housing and so on. If the developers are strong enough, they can choose to combine multiple real estate types to develop at the same time according to the risk characteristics of various real estate commodities, so as to reduce the fluctuation of the return on investment of a single real estate and reduce the overall development risk of real estate.
3. Take your own risks. Risk retention means that when a certain risk cannot be avoided or it is possible to gain more profits by taking the risk, the enterprise will keep the risk and bear the losses caused by the risk itself. Risk retention can be divided into two situations: one is negative unplanned self-commitment. Those who are not aware of the existence of risks, so they are not prepared to deal with risks, or know that there are risks, but underestimate the degree of risk loss, and the resulting risks are passive or unplanned. The second is active or planned risk retention. Those who know that risks exist and are inevitable, but can't find an appropriate way to deal with them, or keep them because they are more economical than other ways, are active or planned risks.
4. Risk transfer. Risk transfer is another means of risk control. In business practice, some risks cannot be effectively controlled by the above means, and operators have to take transfer measures to protect themselves. Risk transfer is not loss transfer. This method can not be regarded as harming the interests of others and business ethics, because many risks may indeed cause losses to some people, but they may not necessarily cause losses to others after transfer. The reason is that everyone has different advantages and disadvantages, so their risk tolerance is different. The principle of risk sharing is that any kind of risk should be borne by the party who is most suitable to bear the risk or who is most capable of controlling the loss. Engineering insurance cannot transfer all risks of construction projects, on the one hand, because there are uninsurable risks, on the other hand, because some risks are not suitable for insurance. For the risks of construction projects, engineering insurance should be combined with avoiding risks, controlling losses and keeping risks. For uninsurable risks, loss control measures must be taken. Even if it is insurable risk, certain loss control measures should be taken to reduce the amount of risk.
Four. Conclusion In practice, investors' choice of the best way to control risks is based on the principle of getting the maximum benefit with the minimum risk treatment cost. Avoiding risks and reducing risks can only be regarded as a means to improve investment efficiency.
Information source abc2 1 1 Wen Hui.