The author's understanding of the internal relations of things and the development of thinking should be conveyed through structure, level and paragraph. Therefore, the structural arrangement of the article is determined by ideas, and ideas are the basis of structural arrangement. It can be seen that the structure of the article reflects the idea of the article, and the idea of the article is reflected through the structure of the article.
If we can correctly analyze the structure of the article, we can accurately grasp the thinking of the article. The "article" mentioned here can be a paragraph or a whole article.
1, analyze the paragraph structure, grasp the paragraph idea, and analyze the paragraph structure from the following aspects: (1) buckle the center and take the outline as the purpose. The central sentence is the "general outline" of a paragraph.
Analyze the structure of a paragraph. If a paragraph has a central sentence, first find the central sentence. The first layer of a paragraph is between the beginning sentence and the following sentence, whether to put forward an idea first and then analyze and demonstrate it, or to put forward a situation first and then explain it, or to say it first and then explain it separately.
On the contrary, it belongs to the paragraphs such as analyzing and demonstrating before drawing a conclusion, or describing and summarizing first, and the first layer is in front of the termination sentence. If it is a quoted paragraph, the first layer is placed after the opening sentence and the second layer is placed before the closing sentence.
(2) Straighten out the thinking and clarify the structure. There are only two structural forms of paragraphs: one is vertical structure and the other is horizontal structure.
When the structural form is clear, the level of the paragraph is basically clear. Here are two ways to analyze a college entrance examination question.
There are nine sentences in the following paragraph, and there are four different understandings of the levels in the paragraph, so choosing the right one () Today's reform requires our generation to pay the price for national rejuvenation. The price is hard work, and you have to plan to live a hard life.
③ Economically speaking, input and output. (4) What we suffer today is to invest in future generations.
⑤ Some people think that the reform only focuses on immediate interests, which is very shallow. In the history of the world, any turning point is full of turmoil and difficulties.
Modern people thought that the Renaissance in Europe was peaceful and prosperous. In fact, people at that time were very bitter and started a new era in difficulties. Today's reform, people in the future will have different views.
Only when we look at the era of great change in history can we establish a sense of national responsibility and historical responsibility. a、① | ② 34⑤ ⑧ ⑨ b、②34⑤⑤⑤⑤⑤⑤⑤⑤⑤⑤⑤⑤⑤⑤⑤⑤⑤93 1
The author's idea is to put forward his own views first, and then explain the reasons. The opening sentence (① ② sentence) puts forward the viewpoint, ① sentence is the central sentence, ② sentence is the explanation of ① sentence, and the specific content of "cost" is clarified.
(3) Analyze the sentence (9) and explain the truth. In this way, this article can be divided into two parts: ① ②| ③ ... ⑨, and there is an explanatory relationship between them.
When expounding the truth, the author uses the phrases "economically" and "in the history of the world" to lead to two levels respectively, indicating that the truth is expounded from both theoretical and factual aspects. In this way, the explanation part can be divided into two parts, namely 34 ⑤ | 6 ⑧ ⑨.
There is a parallel relationship between them. At this point, we can see that item B is correct.
(3) Grasp the symptoms and analyze the structure. In paragraphs, some related words or keywords are often used to express the logical relationship between sentences, such as "first, second and again", which indicates the priority order or several aspects of the problem and is a parallel relationship; "In short" and "therefore" indicate the conclusion, which is generally the relationship between point and total; "So-called" is explanation, which is an explanatory relationship; In addition, corresponding words, similar sentence patterns, semantic separation and orientation order are all breakthroughs in analyzing paragraph levels.
For example, his face is yellow and white, and he is worryingly thin, like a person who has recovered from a serious illness, but he is in good spirits and shows no signs of depression. (2) The hair is about an inch long, and it seems that it has not been cut for a long time, but it is very straight and straight.
The beard is striking, like the word "one" written in thick ink. There are corresponding words in these three sentences: face, hair and beard.
It is through these three aspects that the author describes Lu Xun's appearance. These three aspects are juxtaposed. It can be seen that the structural level of this paragraph is: ①|②|③ (4) Grasp the semantic blank of the sentence and analyze the structure. Some paragraphs have neither related words nor external formal signs. When analyzing the structure, we should carefully study the content of each sentence and try to find out its semantic density with the adjacent sentences before and after.
The semantic relationship between them is the closest, the gap is the smallest, and the closest combination is the last level; The first level of a paragraph is the one with the farthest semantic relationship, the biggest gap and relatively loose combination. For example: ① Mencius in the Warring States period had a few very good words: "Wealth cannot be lewd, poverty cannot be moved, and powerful people cannot be bent. This is called a gentleman. "
(2) It means that high officials and high salaries cannot be bought, poverty and hardship cannot be tortured, and * * * cannot be threatened by force. This is the so-called gentleman. These actions of a gentleman show heroism, which we call backbone today.
The first sentence quotes Mencius, followed by an explanation in the second sentence, and the third sentence evaluates the behavior of the gentleman mentioned in the first and second sentences. It can be seen that the gap between the first sentence and the second sentence is the smallest, which is the second layer, and the relationship between the third sentence and the first and second sentences is the first layer. 2. To analyze the meaning paragraphs of an article, grasp the thinking of the article and understand an article, it is necessary to divide the meaning paragraphs.
With this step, we can understand the author's thinking and master the structure of the chapter. How to divide the meaning segments? (1) Distinguish styles and choose appropriate angles.
Hierarchical is to classify and merge the contents according to certain standards. Different styles have different classification standards, such as narrative style, which can be divided according to different people or things and the transformation of time and space; Generally speaking, the style of argumentative writing can be divided according to the introduction and theory, and the thinking of writing can be clarified, and its internal logical relationship, material attributes and argumentation methods can be analyzed, and further divided according to the common argumentative writing structure (juxtaposition, contrast, total score and hierarchical progression); The style of interpretation is closely related to the object of interpretation, which is divided according to its specific interpretation order, or according to time and space, or according to the composition of things themselves, or according to the development order of events, or according to logic (from light to heavy, from simple to complex).
However, scientific and technological texts generally belong to the category of news, and their structure.
We middle school students are always so carefree, just like T-shirts and jeans, as free and easy as ponytails and yellow ribbons behind our heads.
Although sometimes there will be worries and troubles, they will eventually dissolve into unrestrained frolicking. Look, isn't that us? Please listen to my introduction! The tall and beautiful one is called red crystal.
Don't underestimate others. She is the "first seed eater" in our class. It seems that the "first" gold chair should always be sat by her. A short, chubby and lovely little girl beside Hong Jing is chewing chocolate with relish. She knew at a glance that this was a "little daughter" who grew up in a "happiness jar".
She is the famous "Miss Jiao"-a little mind. Hey, what are Mei Qiong and Jing Li whispering about? These two "stick" together, just like old friends who haven't seen each other for decades, nagging endlessly, which is really enviable! As for me, I am one of the "perverts". People call me "young man". I don't want to pretend to be as quiet as a girl, and I don't like to imitate the behavior of stars.
I like reading. In the sea of books, I will forget everything. At this moment, I eagerly read Boys and Girls.
"Class dismissed!" "Stand up-"With the "clang" sound of packaging bags, the classroom was boiling. "Mei Qiong, hurry up!" "Oh, red crystal, why so hard! Go, go out and have a rest! " Then, our energetic figure appeared on the playground again, echoing our silvery laughter.
Some people say that girls are natural critics. It's true. We often get together, watch TV, talk about novels, stars and classmates.
This ten-minute break is certainly the best time for us to comment. "Ouch-"Xiao Ling stretched herself and complained, "It's really annoying to write all day!" "Yes, teachers only pay attention to grades," said Li Jingshen with the same feeling.
Standing on the first emperor, I couldn't help saying, "Don't forget, the teacher is also good for us!" " ""Now, we want to read very few books. I want to know where those interesting books went before! " Hong Jing, who has always been taciturn, also opened her "golden mouth" at this moment. Mei Qiong also said unhappily, "Yes, let my mother rummage through my drawers all day, for fear that I will be influenced by bad books and periodicals. "
Teacher's Day is coming, and everyone is discussing how to prepare an amazing program. Hong Jing stared at her big eyes and immediately took out her baby repeater from her bag. It was loud and thoughtful. We all listened for a while, and suddenly Xiaoling cried loudly and twisted her waist and said, "Look at me!" " She jumped to the music. Wow! Don't mention how beautiful it is. More charming than my idol Jay Chou. So a few days later, we learned "Feng Jian" dance with her. Everyone is happy. It's time to play. Without much effort, the sound of support broke our ears. The next day, the teacher told us that "Feng Jianwu" in the class won the first place.
We are of course the happiest, because this honor has our sweat.