[Fund Project] Research on Water Safety Technology, a major project of the Tenth Five-Year National Science and Technology Plan (200 1BA6 10A-02)
[Author Brief Introduction] Li Li (1977-), female, from Anyang, Henan Province, is studying for a master's degree, mainly engaged in technical and economic research on water resources; Qin Dayong (1959-), male, He.
Beitang Ren Shan, professor-level senior engineer and doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in water conservancy planning research; Zhang Zhanpang (1958-), male, from Xinji, Hebei, deputy.
Professor, master tutor, mainly engaged in technical and economic research of water resources; Jing Juan (198 1-), female, from Hebi, Henan, is studying for a master's degree.
We should conduct technical and economic research on water resources.
A New Model of Sustainable Development of Water Resources Based on Circular Economy
Li Li 1, 2, Qin Dayong 2, Zhang Zhanpang 1, Jing Juan 1.
(1. North China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Zhengzhou 450008; 2. China Academy of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100044)
[Abstract] In view of the current situation of water shortage and water environmental pollution in China, this paper points out how to make efficient use of water resources and protect the water environment.
Circular economy based on is the inevitable choice to realize the sustainable development of water resources in China, and the circular economy with circular economy as the core is being actively discussed.
A new model of sustainable development of water resources based on the concept of heart. By adopting various feasible and favorable measures and advanced technologies based on circular economy
Technology can realize the sustainable development of water resources, thus effectively solving the problem of water environmental pollution and the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources.
[Keywords:] circular economy; "3R" principle; Sustainable development of water resources; pattern
[China Library Classification Number] F407.9 [Document Identification Number] A [Document Number]1006-7175 (2006) 06-0359-03
A New Model of Sustainable Development of Water Resources
Through circular economy
Ber Ber 1, 2, Qin Dayong 2, Pang 1, Jingjuan 1
(1. North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450008; 2. China
China Academy of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100044)
Abstract: Water is the source of life and the foundation of development. The water crisis has affected the rapid development of China.
Forecast of China's economic trend. It shows that the inevitable choice to realize sustainable development is to develop circular economy.
Green economy based on effective utilization of resources and environmental protection. And discuss how to build a
A new sustainable development model of water resources with circular economy as its core concept and core competitiveness. we
All feasible measures and advanced technologies should be taken to promote the sustainable development of the economy. Only us
Promoting the development of circular economy can fundamentally solve the problem.
Keywords: circular economy; 3R principle; Sustainable development of water resources; New model
0 quotation
Water is the basic natural resource of human social and economic development, and also belongs to human beings.
An irreplaceable source of life for survival and life. But now half the people in the world
The river water volume has been greatly reduced or seriously polluted, accounting for 80 countries in the world.
40% of the world's population is seriously short of water. Water crisis has become a problem in today's world.
The restrictive factors of social and economic development in many countries. Building a circular society is
The inevitable trend of human sustainable survival and development. The reality of circular economy
Quality is based on the "3R" principle as the most important action criterion to realize resources and energy.
Sustainable utilization. And the healthy recycling of water resources is just one of them.
First, recycle resources. To create a circular economy of water resources is to establish a circular system.
The necessary foundation of circular society.
The circular economy model of water resources is constructed according to the concept of circular economy.
Water resources recycling circle, to achieve the reduction, reuse and recycling of water resources.
By increasing water consumption through multiple channels and adopting various water-saving measures comprehensively, it has been greatly reduced.
Water demand, gradually form the coupling relationship between circular economy and water cycle, and finally realize it
Zero growth target of current water demand. Developing circular economy of water resources is the top priority.
The trend of world economic development, water resources circular economy embodies the people-oriented, comprehensive
The essential requirement of the concept of sustainable development is to change the extensive mode of economic growth.
Intensive economic growth mode, taking the road of new chemical industry development
It is also an important strategic measure to build a sustainable economy and develop society in an all-round way. hair
Developing circular economy of water resources is also a guide for rational development and utilization of water resources in the future.
Thinking is the foundation of sustainable development of water resources.
—359—
A summary of circular economy theory
The origin and development of circular economy theory 1. 1
The concept of circular economy originated from the rise of environmental protection in the last century.
In 1960s, American ecologist Carlson published Silent Spring from 65438 to 0962.
Day ",points out that the biological world and human beings are facing the danger of circular economy".
The term "Spacecraft Theory" was first put forward by American economist K Balding.
Theory "can be used as an early representative of circular economy, which mainly refers to people,
In the large system of natural resources and science and technology, there are many problems in resource input and enterprise life.
In the whole process of production, product consumption and its abandonment, the traditional dependence on resources should be eliminated
The linear growth of consumption has changed the economy to rely on the cycle of ecological resources to develop.
Economy [1].
In the 1970s, the idea of circular economy was just an idea.
In 1980s, people began to realize that the resource-based approach should be adopted.
Types of waste disposal. In 1990s, the strategy of sustainable development was established.
As the development trend of the world, it has produced environmental protection, clean production,
Green consumption, waste recycling, etc. Should be recycled and avoided.
Circular economy strategy characterized by waste generation. After the 1990s,
Developing circular economy and knowledge economy have become two major trends in the development of the international community.
Potential. China began to introduce circular economy in 1990s.
Thought.
1.2 Connotation and principles of circular economy
The so-called circular economy, that is, the abbreviation of material closed-loop flow economy, is
A new life is characterized by the ladder and closed cycle of material and energy.
Mode of production. Circular economy takes "3R" as the most important action principle (that is, reduction
Quantitative reduction, reuse, recycling), circular economy
The principle of "reduction" refers to reducing as much as possible in the process of production and service.
Resource consumption and waste generation; The principle of "reuse" means that the product is used many times.
Continue to use after use or repair, renovation or remanufacturing, and extend production as much as possible.
Product life cycle to prevent products from becoming garbage prematurely; "Recycle" principle
It refers to turning waste into resources to the maximum extent, turning waste into treasure and turning harm into benefit.
Benefits can not only reduce the consumption of natural resources, but also reduce the discharge of pollutants.
Put [2].
The characteristics of circular economy are low consumption, low emission and high efficiency.
Conform to the concept of sustainable development and realize the economic growth mode of "resources-products-"
The feedback cycle process of waste-renewable resources can benefit more effectively.
Using resources and protecting the environment, with as little resource consumption and environmental cost as possible,
As far as possible to obtain economic and social benefits, so that the economic system
Coordinate with the material circulation process of natural ecosystem to promote the permanence of resources.
Keep using it.
The essence of circular economy is sustainable ecological economy, which should
According to the law of material circulation and energy flow in natural ecosystem, seek to rebuild meridians.
The economic system aims at bringing the economic system into the natural ecosystem harmoniously.
In the process of material circulation [3]. Circular economy can also be called a green economy.
Economy, "turning green into gold" economy [4]. It requires that the composition of economic activities is "capital"
Resource utilization-green industry (product)-resource regeneration ".
Dynamic, all materials and energy are reasonably utilized in the economic cycle.
1.3 the difference between circular economy and traditional economy
The difference between traditional economy and circular economy lies in: traditional economy is
One-way substance composed of "resources-products-pollution discharge"
Mobile economy. Circular economy advocates a sustainable development based on resources.
Economic development model based on circulation; It is used according to ecological laws.
Natural resources and environmental capacity, realize the ecological turn of economic activities, is real.
The inevitable choice and important guarantee for implementing the strategy of sustainable development.
2 China water resources need to develop circular economy.
2. 1 Overview of water resources
The total amount of water resources in China is about 2.8× 10 12m3, but per capita has water.
The resources are less than 2 200 m3, which is about 1/4 of the world's per capita water resources, ranking first in the world.
12 1, the northern area is only 990 m3, which is less than the world average 1/8. across the country
16 The per capita water resources of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) are lower than the level determined by the United Nations.
Water shortage line 1 700 m3, in which 10 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) are below 500 m3.
Severe water shortage line. Two thirds of large and medium-sized cities in China are facing water shortage, of which 1/6 is serious.
Water shortage, and most of them belong to water quality water shortage caused by pollution.
China's water resources have the following characteristics: ① There is little water, and rainfall is sometimes separated.
Uneven distribution, drought is still the most serious natural disaster; (2) If there is more water, we will be in trouble and flood.
Frequent disasters and heavy losses have become a threat to economic development and people's lives and property.
The whole disaster; (3) The water quality is polluted and the water environment is deteriorating.
Environmental pollution makes the increasingly scarce water resources worse. Every year in China,
The economic loss caused by water pollution is about 0.5%~3% of GNP in 65438+ years.
From the founding of the People's Republic of China to the 1990s, the total water consumption in China increased rapidly.
Long, from about 1949 to about 1 000× 108m3 to 2004.
5 548×108m3. The total water supply in China in 2004 accounted for the total water resources in that year.
23%。 The surface water supply accounts for 8 1.2%, and the underground water supply accounts for 8 1.2%.
It accounts for 18.5% and other water sources account for 0.3%. Total national water consumption in 2004
5 548× 108m3, of which domestic water accounts for 1 1.7%, and industrial water accounts for.
22.2%, agricultural water accounts for 64.6%, and ecological water (including only human measures).
Urban environmental water supply and some rivers, lakes and wetlands make up 1.5%[5].
2.2 the importance and urgency of developing circular economy of water resources
After 25 years of reform and opening up, China's economy has developed rapidly, and
Rapid economic growth and population growth, ecological construction and environmental protection
The situation is getting more and more severe, and the contradiction of insufficient water resources will become more and more prominent. estimate
In 2020, the urbanization level of China will reach about 50%, and the city will develop in the future.
The acceleration of development and urbanization will inevitably further aggravate the water crisis. It is estimated that in 2050
The national annual water demand may reach 7000×108 ~ 8000×108m3. By then,
China will approach the limit of available water resources.
The overall deterioration of the ecological environment in China has not been fundamentally reversed.
Environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious. Total national wastewater discharge in 2004
482.4× 108t, in which the industrial wastewater discharge is 221./kloc-0 /×108t, and the domestic wastewater discharge is.
Sewage discharge is 26 1.3× 108t, and chemical oxygen demand discharge is
1 339.2× 104t[6]. A large amount of untreated or substandard wastewater is directly discharged.
Entering rivers, lakes and reservoirs has seriously polluted water bodies. Due to the shortage of water resources and serious water pollution.
The water crisis characterized by severe floods has become a problem of sustainable development in China.
Important constraints. With the further development of China economy, according to science
The requirements of the development concept, vigorously develop circular economy and accelerate the establishment of resource-saving
Society is particularly important and urgent.
As the basic element of any life form, water has developed rapidly in the 20th century.
It is becoming the main restrictive factor affecting the development of human society. Water resources are people.
The most important basic resource of society, through the implementation of the healthy cycle of water, push
It has become a trend for all industries to develop in the direction of high efficiency, green and environmental protection.
—360—
Volume 12 No.6
In June 2006, Water Science and Technology and Economy, Volume 12, No.6.
An important part of the economy. Water environmental problems and water crisis have become a system.
Regarding the fundamental problem of China's economic development, we should implement the policy of water resources recycling economy.
Dealing with water environment and water crisis will ensure the long-term stability of water resources in China.
Stabilize supply and realize the sustainable development of water resources and population, society, economy and environment.
The inevitable choice and effective way of exhibition.
2.3 How to develop circular economy of water resources
Developing circular economy of water resources is to realize the sustainable development of water resources.
Strategic means. In view of the present situation of water resources in China, in order to realize the development of water resources
The ultimate goal of circular economy development and utilization must be to improve the previous water resources.
The development and utilization model applies the principle of circular economy to the development of water resources.
Actively building water conservancy in China with circular economy as the core concept
Take advantage of the new model.
2.3. 1 Establish a water-saving society and improve the efficiency and benefit of water use.
Building a water-saving society is an effective way to solve the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in China
Measures and water-saving society are the whole process of people's life and production.
Have the consciousness and concept of water saving [7], in all aspects of water resources development and utilization, through
By saving and protecting water resources, structural and productive water use will be gradually eliminated.
Type, consumption waste, make limited water resources, to ensure people's drinking water safety and hygiene.
Water supply for production; Give play to greater social and economic benefits and create more material wealth.
Rich; Rationally arrange ecological water use and create a good water environment.
2.3.2 Strengthen water legislation and water resources circular economy management mechanism.
Pave the way for the development of circular economy in the form of legislation, and use laws
Means to ensure the development of circular economy. Promote waste reduction according to law
Chemistry, resources, harmlessness, recycling, etc. According to the principle of circular economy
Establish and improve the management system of water resources development and utilization and water environmental protection.
Good national policies on water environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of water resources.
Establishing government incentive mechanism for water resources circular economy and water resources circular development
The economic evaluation system can effectively evaluate the economy and society of water resources circular economy.
Will benefit.
2.3.3 Carry out cleaner production and recycle the treated industries.
Waste water and strengthen agricultural water saving.
Promote the formation of circular clean production in all walks of life; Give full play to the city
Urban sewage collection pipe network facilities, efficient recovery of urban and industrial sewage, strong
Combine urban water with industrial water to realize reclaimed water reuse.
Achieve zero emissions; Vigorously promote the use of "reclaimed water" in cities; Vigorously promote home furnishing
The use of water-saving appliances; Implement agricultural water-saving irrigation and vigorously promote agricultural festivals.
New water-saving measures to effectively save agricultural water.
2.3.4 Broaden water sources and transfer water across basins.
Rainwater storage, optimal utilization of inferior water, seawater desalination and interception are adopted.
There are many ways to intercept rainwater and recharge groundwater, and change reserve flood into ecological water.
Open water source; Inter-basin water transfer has also slowed down the water resources in China to some extent.
The South-to-North Water Transfer Project does not have the contradiction of uneven distribution and the crisis of water shortage.
It not only solves the shortage of water resources in northern China, but also becomes the optimization of agricultural resources.
The effective way to rationally allocate resources is also to ensure national food security and maintenance.
Social stability has become an important measure to promote the sustainable development of social economy.
2.3.5 Give full play to the leading role and service functions of the government.
Give full play to the role of the government in developing circular economy and actively develop water resources.
A new model of source circular economy. Government is the key to industrial development and industrial structure integration.
The promoter of circular economy development needs system, concept and
For the supporting innovation of the system, the government should give priority to the design of the institutional framework and the definition of water environment.
Status factor is a factor of social and economic development and human survival. Simultaneous administration
In developing circular economy, the government should make clear the rights and responsibilities of all stakeholders and give consideration to both.
Principle of efficiency and fairness. In the process of promoting the development of circular economy, charging is necessary.
Give full play to the government's service function and combine the development of circular economy with government industries.
Performance evaluation provides a strong institutional guarantee for promoting the development of circular economy.
Support [8].
2.3.6 Introduce advanced science and technology to ensure circular economy of water resources.
develop
The key to developing circular economy in the field of water resources is to follow the principle of "reduction,
Reuse and recycling "principle, the implementation of comprehensive exploration and comprehensive evaluation of water resources.
Price, comprehensive development and comprehensive utilization [9] encourage and support the efficient use of water resources.
Use. By introducing advanced science and technology, water resources can be recycled and will not be polluted.
Utilize water, waste water and reclaimed water to reduce repeated waste of water resources and rationally adjust production.
Industrial structure, actively develop green industries, and strengthen water-saving technologies in life and production.
Various applications.
3 Conclusion
According to the present situation and future development and utilization of water resources in China.
Under the situation, developing circular economy can fundamentally alleviate the continuous reduction of water resources in China.
Less water pollution and other problems will benefit China's society and economy.
Sexual development is beneficial to the sustainable development of water resources in China and China.
Water environment protection. Actively promoting water resources with the concept of circular economy can
The new mode of sustainable development is to realize the recycling and clean production of water resources.
Low or even zero discharge of sewage and wastewater and sustainable utilization of water resources in China.
The inevitable trend of sustainable development. Only water resources have been effectively protected and rationally utilized.
Development and utilization, our production, life and economic development can complement each other.
Harmonious development also provides a solid foundation for the future survival and development of mankind.
Therefore, the new model of developing water resources circular economy has far-reaching significance and products.
Very influential.
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