Everyone has written papers in various fields and must be familiar with them. With the help of papers, you can effectively improve your writing level. Do you know how to write a paper correctly? The following is the format of my graduation standard thesis for your reference, hoping to help friends in need.

Graduation standard thesis format 1 1, title. Should be able to summarize the most important content of the whole paper, concise and eye-catching, generally no more than 20 words.

2. Abstracts and keywords.

The abstract of the paper should explain the main points of the paper. Explain the research purpose, research methods, achievements and conclusions of this paper. Keep the basic information of the original paper as much as possible and highlight the creative achievements and new ideas of the paper. It should not be a simple list of chapter titles. About 500 words is appropriate.

Key words are the key words that can best reflect the theme of the paper, generally 3-5.

3. Contents. It is not only the outline of the paper, but also the subtitle of the paper, so you should mark the corresponding page number.

4. Introduction (or preface). The content should include the present situation at home and abroad in this research field, the problems to be solved in this paper, and the theoretical significance and practical value of this research work in economic construction, scientific and technological progress and social development.

5, the text. It is the main body of graduation thesis.

6. Conclusion. The conclusion of the paper should be clear, concise and complete, and should clarify one's own creative achievements or new ideas and their significance in this field.

Graduation standard paper format 2 I. Measures to improve the reliability of network communication

(1) Improve the related technical level.

To improve the reliability of network communication, we must first choose scientific and correct technology and use technical support to ensure the normal operation of network communication. In general, redundancy design and fault-tolerant technology will be adopted first, that is, all computers in the whole network system will be set as mutual backup machines. In this way, if a computer fails, the task of the computer can be entrusted to the backup machine, thus reducing the problem of network system paralysis and further improving the reliability of network communication. In addition, we need to strengthen the research on new technologies, comprehensively consider the development of network technology, the use of network equipment and other factors, improve the adaptability of the network, so that it can maintain normal operation for a long time, so as to meet business needs.

(2) Improve the network structure system.

The choice of network structure is particularly important to ensure the reliability of network communication. Choosing a multi-layer network architecture can not only isolate faults, but also realize load segmentation and support general network protocols. The multi-layer structure consists of access layer, core layer and distribution layer. In the network system, the multi-layer structure can simplify the network operation and improve the reliability of network communication. Let's take a look at these three floors separately.

① Access layer. The access layer provides broadband for the network and access ports for users. It is the starting point of being allowed to access the network system and can effectively control the network traffic. In the network system, the access layer has the characteristics of low cost and strong function, which is particularly important for realizing the security of the network structure.

② Core layer. The core layer is the most important part of the network structure. It can not only divide the network, so that different switching blocks can be connected, but also provide data packets for switching blocks, and quickly complete the data exchange work. It should be noted that in network applications, when the core layer divides the network, it can't control the list, nor can it worry about the data packets.

③ Distribution layer. In the network, the distribution layer is used to calculate the dividing point between the access layer and the core layer, which can not only divide the core layer, but also provide corresponding data processing. In the network system, the distribution layer has many functions, which can not only determine the networking of the network center, but also realize the access of the working group to the network.

(3) Strengthen the reliability of equipment

To improve the reliability of network communication, we must ensure the safety of related equipment. First of all, when purchasing network equipment, it is necessary to ensure that the quality of the equipment can meet the relevant requirements, and the purchased network equipment has a high cost performance. Then do a good job of equipment maintenance. During the operation of the network system, it is necessary to check the network equipment regularly or automatically, so as to find the equipment failure in advance and repair it in time, and avoid the paralysis of the network system due to the equipment failure.

Two. Concluding remarks

Nowadays, the application of information technology is more and more extensive, and the security of network communication has attracted more and more attention. There are some security risks in current network communication, which have caused some troubles to people's lives. Therefore, according to the design principle of network reliability, it is necessary to continuously strengthen the research of related technologies, ensure the rationality of network topology, do a good job in equipment maintenance, and further improve the reliability of network communication.

Graduation standard paper format 3 1. Paper type, page setup, layout and text.

The graduation thesis will be printed on international standard a4 paper (297mx210mm). The page is divided into two parts: the graphic area and the white border area. All characters, graphics and other symbols can only appear in the graphics area. The dimensions (margins) of the white edge area are: upper (25mm), lower (20mm), edge wrapping (25mm) and edge sewing (20mm).

Text and graphics are always written horizontally from left to right. Text is always edited in columns.

Use standardized simplified Chinese characters. Don't use traditional Chinese characters unless necessary. Avoid using variant characters, compound words and other nonstandard Chinese characters.

Second, the cover of the newspaper.

The cover consists of prefix, thesis title, author, school, grade, student number, instructor, members of the defense team, defense date, degree application and so on.

Prefix: The top of the cover is centered, occupying two lines. The content in the previous line is that Henan Radio and TV University uses the No.3 genre; The next line is "graduation thesis of Chinese language and literature major (undergraduate)", in bold type No.3. There is a blank line at the top and bottom of the text.

Thesis title: No.2 bold, centered at the bottom of the text, with two lines up and down.

Sub-topic: No.2 is bold, the main title is centered below, and a dash is added before the text.

Author, school (RTVU), grade, student number, instructor, members of the defense team, date of defense, degree application and other project names are in bold type No.3, and the contents are in italics type No.3, with appropriate center and left alignment under subheadings, and arranged in sequence. The line occupation format is:

Author: xxx

School: xxx, grade: xxx, student number: xxx.

Instructor: xxx, professional title: xxx.

Members of the defense team:

Xxx (moderator), title: xxx.

Xxx, title: xxx

Date of defense: 20xx, x, x, x, x.

Education: Bachelor (this item can be omitted if you don't apply)

Because the subtitle of the thesis is optional, you can apply for a degree or not, and the members of the defense team can be 3, 5 or 7, and the cover content is uncertain. In order to maintain the overall beauty of the cover, the spacing can be adjusted appropriately.

Third, the thesis.

The paper consists of content (outline) and theme, author's name, completion date, abstract, keywords, text, notes, references, appendices and other items.

Papers that need to be included in the catalogue should occupy one page. The word "directory" is in bold type No.3, with the top centered; The first and second level titles, references, appendices and their corresponding page numbers are listed below. Small size song 4.

The title of the paper is bold No.3, with the top arranged in the middle and a blank line above and below;

Author's name: No.4 in italics at the bottom and middle of the topic.

Completion time: center below the author's name, with the words "X year X month" in italics on the 4th.

There is a blank line under the author's name, starting from the left. Write the word "abstract" in bold, click a colon, and then arrange the contents of the abstract. The number five is generally used, and the font is regular script.

Keywords: below the abstract, from the top left, write the words "keywords" in bold, click the colon, and then arrange the keywords. There are no spaces between words. Font font is the same as abstraction.

Text: Start with a blank line under the keyword. The text is usually Song Ti No.5, with two squares at the beginning of each paragraph, with the top square at the back and a single square.

Title in the body:

First class title. The title number is "I", No.4 is in bold, exclusive, and there is no punctuation at the end. If it is in the middle, there is a blank line above and below.

Second-level title, the title serial number is "(1)", which is the same as the font size of the text, dedicated line, with no punctuation at the end;

The serial number of the third, fourth and fifth grades is "1." , "(1)" and "①" have the same font size as the text, and generally there is no exclusive line, with a period at the end. If the line is exclusive, punctuation is not used. The titles at the next level of each level shall be numbered consecutively.

Notes: Notes appear as footnotes. Labeling symbols are sorted by page, labeled in the upper right corner of the last word to be labeled, and labeled with Arabic numerals with circles or brackets in turn. At the same time, leave an appropriate number of lines on this page, separate it from the text with a horizontal line, write the corresponding note number after leaving a blank on the left, and then write notes. Each note takes up a paragraph, using the style of Little Five. It is recommended to use the computer footnote function.

References: at the end of the text item, the left two lines are marked with "References" in bold type No.4, and the left two lines are arranged with "References in Song Dynasty No.5", with each reference starting from another line. See the text of "Implementation Plan" for the items in the resources.

Graduation standard paper format 4 1, cover

Adopt the unified cover format of the school, and fill in the title of the paper, author's name, student number, college (department), professional name, instructor's name and completion date on the cover.

The topic of the paper should not be too long, generally no more than 25 words.

2. Chinese abstract

Abstract is a brief statement of the paper, independent and self-sufficient without comments and annotations. It contains data and conclusions, is a complete essay, and can be used and quoted independently. Abstracts of papers generally have no paragraphs, and sentences without names are often used. Charts, chemical reactions, mathematical expressions, etc. Generally, it is not used in Chinese, and it is not allowed to use non-universal foreign abbreviations or codes, and it is not allowed to use references. When writing the abstract of the paper, we should pay attention to the following aspects: the problems studied in the paper and its purpose and significance; The basic idea and logical structure of the paper; The main methods, contents, results and conclusions of the problem research. The abstract of a paper is generally 200 ~ 400 words.

3. English abstract

The contents of English abstracts should basically correspond to Chinese abstracts, conform to English grammar, and be fluent in sentences and words.

4. Keywords

Keywords are words or terms selected from papers used for document indexing to express the information items of the full-text theme. Generally, 3 ~ 8 keywords are selected for each paper.

5. Contents

The table of contents is the outline of the paper, which reflects the outline of the paper. Each line of the directory page consists of the title and page number, including the Chinese and English abstracts; Preface; Chapter, article, paragraph number and title of the main content; Summarize; References; Notes; Appendix; References, indexes, etc.

6. Preface

The preface is the first chapter of the paper, which is the main chapter for reviewers, defense members and readers to understand the research background and general situation of the paper. The main purpose is to explain to the reviewers, respondents and readers of the paper the problems to be studied and the related background or some matters. The preface usually includes the following four aspects: research purpose, research status at home and abroad, research purpose and significance; Theoretical tools, research methods and technical routes adopted in this paper; The basic idea and logical structure of the paper; Literature cited, symbols used, calculation formulas and other problems that need to be explained in this paper. The preface is written in chapters, and no one calls a word.

7. Document body

The text of the paper is the main body, which generally consists of five parts: title, narrative, chart, table and formula. The writing form can be different according to the nature of the topic, generally including theoretical analysis, data, calculation methods, experiment and test methods, analysis and discussion of experimental results after finishing and processing, comparison with theoretical calculation results, personal arguments and comparison between this research method and existing research methods. It requires seeking truth from facts, correct theory, clear logic, clear hierarchy, fluent writing, true data and correct formula derivation and calculation. If there are research results with tutors or others, they must be clearly pointed out; If you quote other people's conclusions, you must indicate the source and be consistent with the references.

8. Reference

Only the literature that the author has read directly and cited in the article is listed. All references should be placed after the conclusion of the paper, not after each chapter. The project of each file must be complete, and all projects are indispensable. The writing format of all kinds of documents should conform to the national standard "GB77 1487". When citing references, the serial numbers arranged by Arabic numerals should be indicated in square brackets at the upper right of the citation and listed at the end of the article in the order in which the references appear. In particular, when quoting other people's scientific research achievements, it should be explained at the citation place. You can choose page footnotes for liberal arts papers.

9. Appendix

Generally as a supplementary project of the main body of the paper. Mainly includes the formula derivation that is too lengthy in the text; Auxiliary mathematical tools or repeated data tables needed for easy reading; A list of computer programs that are too long to fit in the text; Abbreviations used in papers; Investigation, experimental materials, etc.

10, thank you.

I would like to express my gratitude to the units and individuals who have provided all kinds of funding, guidance and help for the completion of research work and provided favorable conditions for the writing of papers. Thanks should be realistic, sincere and objective.

Format flow

1, paper title

(Signature below) Requirements are accurate, concise, eye-catching and novel.

2. Contents

A table of contents is a short list of main paragraphs in a paper. (Essays don't need to be listed in the table of contents)

3. Summary:

It is an excerpt from the main content of the article, which requires short and concise content. The number of words can be as few as dozens, and it is advisable not to exceed 300 words.

4. Keywords or subject words

Keywords are selected from the title, abstract and text of the paper, which are words with substantial meaning to express the central content of the paper. Keywords are words used by computer systems to index the content characteristics of papers, which are convenient for information systems to collect and provide readers with retrieval. Generally, 3-8 words are selected as keywords for each paper, and a new line is set at the bottom left of the "abstract".

Subject words are standard words. When determining the subject words, we should analyze the theme of the paper and convert it into standard words in the thesaurus according to the rules of indexing and collocation. (See Chinese Thesaurus and World Chinese Thesaurus).

5. Text of the document:

(1) Introduction: Introduction, also known as preface, preface and introduction, is used at the beginning of the paper. The introduction should generally write the author's intention, explain the purpose and significance of the topic, and point out the scope of the paper writing. The introduction should be short and concise, and stick to the theme.

(2) Text of the paper: The text is the main body of the paper and should include arguments, arguments, argumentation process and conclusions. The main part includes the following contents:

A. Questions-arguments;

B, analyze the problem-arguments and arguments;

C, solving problems-demonstrating methods and steps;

D. conclusion.

Step 6 refer to

Thesis references are the main documents that can be referenced or cited in research and writing, and are listed at the end of the paper. References should be marked on a new page according to gb77 14-87 "Description Rules of References at the End of Documents".

English: Title-Author-Publication Information (Edition, Publisher, Publication Date)

English: Author-Title-Publication Information

The requirements of the listed reference documents are:

The references listed in (1) shall be marked with serial numbers, titles of works or articles, authors and publication information.

(2) The listed references should be official publications for readers' textual research.

Graduation standard paper format 5 1, page design

Top margin: 3cm, bottom margin: 2.5cm, left margin: 2.5cm, right margin: 2.5cm, footer:1.3cm.

2. Chinese and English abstracts

Title of the paper (No.3 bold, center)

(Blank line)

Abstract (middle 3 bold)

The first line is indented and printed (2

[Keywords] (bold No.3), followed by the keyword (Song Dynasty No.4), and the two keywords are separated by semicolons.

Note: Title, Chinese abstract and keywords should be typed on one page. English abstract titles generally have 3-5 keywords (No.4 Times New Roman, bold) (blank lines).

Abstract (No.4 Silla Horse Body, bold)

Times New Rome, No.4, writing an English abstract.

blank line

Keywords: (No.4 Times New Roman, bold)

Note: English abstracts and keywords are printed separately on one page, and the abstracts and keywords should strictly correspond to Chinese.

3. Contents

Table of Contents (bold number four)

blank line

Chapters, sections, sections and their starting page numbers are in small four-letter style, and the page numbers are placed at the end of the line, and the contents of the catalogue are connected with the page numbers by dotted lines.

Note: The directory should be added in the format of inserting the directory. First, set the title of each chapter to "title" format at all levels, and then insert-reference-table of contents in the table of contents page. Update the table of contents after modifying the text.

4, text typesetting requirements

Use 1.5 times line spacing for the text, and add "header" and "page number" to each page.

The header is "shandong institute of business and technology 20xx Graduation Thesis" with the number five in the middle.

5. Subtitles at all levels

The subtitle formats are one, and (1) and 1. And (1). The specific format is as follows:

The title 1 (I) is bold, centered in bold No.3, followed by another paragraph.

Title No.2 ((1)) No.4 is typeset in bold, with two spaces in front and another paragraph behind.

Title 3 is typeset in (1. ) Small four, with two spaces in front and a period behind. Align with the text, no need to start a new line after the text.

Note: In general, there are no punctuation marks, such as periods, after each line title.

6. Tables and figures

The basic elements of the table in the text should be complete, as simple, clear and beautiful as possible. The table should have a header (bold in the center), and the header (title) should not be too long. In principle, it should not exceed the width of the table. If it exceeds the width, it should be returned and the footnote should be returned.

Tables usually take the form of three rows. The text in headers, footnotes and tables should use font number 5, or it can be set to font number 5 if there is too much content. The text in the table should be single-spaced and centered.

Tables in the text should be numbered consecutively. Tables should be properly separated from the text. There is a blank line between the header and the previous text, and there is also a blank line between the back of the table and the text.

;