Air-suction precision seeder is a multi-purpose full-suspension precision seeder. By replacing different sowing discs on the air-suction seed metering device, corn, beet, castor, soybean, sunflower, melon, sorghum and other crops can be sown accurately, and many processes such as ditching, fertilization, sowing, covering soil and suppression can be completed. Once, and its row spacing, operation depth, fertilizer discharge and soil cover.
The air-suction precision seeder is mainly composed of a frame assembly, a ground wheel assembly, a four-bar mechanism, a seed metering assembly, a fertilizer metering assembly, a seed metering assembly, a fertilizer metering assembly, a mulcher assembly, a press wheel assembly, an intermediate transmission assembly, a fan assembly and a fan transmission assembly.
Air suction precision seeder adopts vertical disc air suction seed metering device. The suction chamber of the seed metering device is connected with the air inlet of the high-speed rotary fan. One side of the seed metering disc is the negative pressure channel of the suction chamber, and the other side is the seed filling area of the seed metering chamber. When the fan rotates to generate negative pressure, the rotation of the ground wheel drives the seed metering disc to rotate at the same time, and the seed metering hole on the seed metering disc turns to the seed filling area of the seed chamber. Because the seed chamber is communicated with the atmosphere, the seeds are sucked into the seed metering hole. The seed metering disc continues to rotate until the negative pressure disappears in the seed metering area, and the seeds are put into the ditch opened by the seed metering device under the action of gravity. The seed metering device is equipped with a serrated scraper, which can scrape off excess seeds by adjusting its position to meet the requirements of precision sowing.
According to agronomic requirements, fertilization can be adjusted to positive and lateral positions as needed. When the machine starts to work, the rotation of the ground wheel drives the square shaft of seed metering through the square hole sprocket and chain, and then drives the square shaft of fertilizer discharging through the square hole sprocket and chain, so that the outer grooved wheel of the fertilizer discharging device assembly rotates, and the fertilizer is put into the ditch opened by the fertilizing ditcher assembly to complete the fertilizing process.
1. Correct selection and application of air-suction precision seeder
1. Choosing precision and semi-precision seeders according to local conditions to implement precision and semi-precision sowing is an important measure to realize precision agriculture by machinery and the core of cultivating group quality. Practice has proved that under the existing soil fertility and fertility conditions, it is generally accepted by farmers to reduce the sowing amount appropriately, so that the starting point of wheat seedlings is suitable, the dynamic structure is reasonable, the field is full of light, the individual develops healthily, the ears are full and the grains are heavy. However, it is necessary to increase precision and semi-precision seeders according to local conditions. For fields with medium fertility, the main stem and tiller should be cultivated equally. It is required that the basic seedlings should reach 654.38+0.8 million ~ 2.7 million plants /hm2 (sowing 90 ~ 65.438+0.35 kg/hm2) and the yield should reach 5250 ~ 6000kg/hm2. If the field with superior fertility adopts the cultivation methods of small groups, strong individuals and tillering as the main agronomic methods, and the basic seedlings are required to reach1.20,000 ~1.80,000 plants /hm2 (sowing 60~90kg/hm2), and the yield is more than 6,750 kg/hm2, the rotary tillage should be completed at one time by using the socket-wheel cone-disc seed metering device.
The choice of precision and variable precision seeder is also different with different power machines. The specifications of precision and semi-precision seeders are designed according to the different power and suspension modes of tractors. When choosing, you should choose the seeder with the same power matching and suspension mode as your existing tractor according to the instructions or signs.
2. Make good use of precision semi-precision seeder (1) and do a good job of maintenance before entering the site. First of all, add lubricating oil to the transmission and rotating parts of tractors and seeders according to the requirements of the manual, especially pay attention to the lubrication and tension of the transmission chain and the fastening of bolts on the seeder before each shift change; Secondly, it is necessary to clean up the sundries in the sowing box and the grass soil on the ditcher to ensure that it is in good condition.
(2) Do a good job in various adjustments. First, adjust the sowing amount according to the provisions of the instruction manual and agronomic requirements; Then properly adjust the depth of rotary tillage stubble cleaning, ditching, soil covering and suppression wheel; After that, align the row spacing of the ditcher, and adjust the suspension level of the frame and the tightness of the drive chain appropriately.
(3) Do a good job in field experiments. In order to ensure the quality of sowing, before sowing in a large area, we must insist on trial sowing for 20 meters and invite agricultural technicians and farmers. Before sowing in a large area, carry out experiments and consultation to confirm that it meets the local agronomic requirements.
(4) Pay attention to adding good seeds. The seeds added into the seed box are not small, scratched or mixed, which ensures the effectiveness of the seeds; Secondly, the amount of seeds added to the seed box should at least cover the entrance of the seed box to ensure smooth seeding.
Second, troubleshooting of air-suction precision seeder
1, unstable seeding (1) The reasons for unstable seeding are as follows: First, the air pressure is reduced due to the damage of seed suction pipeline, such as leakage, loose joints and cracks, and the air suction is reduced, which makes some or all seeds leak. The main performance is that the sowing amount of individual ridge rows is reduced or missed. Second, the suction hose is of poor manufacturing quality, aging and deterioration, or damaged, leaked or cracked due to improper storage, or the inner layer is separated from the layer, which increases the airflow resistance, resulting in a drop in air pressure and difficulty in seed suction, resulting in a decrease in seed metering or complete missed sowing. Third, the bearings on both sides of the suction fan are seriously worn or disrepair or lack of oil, which leads to increased resistance, decreased speed, insufficient airflow and air pressure, and it is difficult for seeds to be adsorbed on the seed metering disc. This phenomenon mostly occurs when the whole machine (all monomers) is under-sown or completely missed. Fourth, the speed of the main engine (tractor) is reduced, or the power output shaft is faulty, which leads to the reduction of the fan speed and insufficient airflow. Fifth, the transmission system, such as the old V-belt, has serious friction, elongation and loose string, which leads to the decrease of fan speed. Six, the seed metering disc is deformed, rusted or deformed in the seed chamber due to improper storage and installation, so that the seed metering disc is not in close contact with the seed chamber, resulting in air leakage, and some or all seeds are not adsorbed. Seventh, the seeds were not cleaned well, mixed with sundries, which blocked the hole of the seed metering disc, resulting in missed sowing. Eighth, the model of the selected seeding tray is improper, the hole (or strip hole) is too small, the air suction is too small, and the seeds cannot be sucked or the suction is low, resulting in missed sowing or insufficient sowing.
(2) Troubleshooting methods. When the monitor or monitor sends out the signal of missing sowing, the engine should be stopped immediately, and the seeder should be placed on the ground (suspended) to check the reason. If the joint connection is not firm, it can be reconnected; There are smaller holes or cracks that can be repaired with tape. If the hole is too big or the crack is too long, a new tube should be replaced. If the inner wall of the gas transmission pipe has great anti-delamination ability, it should be replaced with a new pipe. The deformation of seed metering disc or seed metering chamber can be calibrated, but it still leaks after leveling, and new products should be replaced; If the engine speed is normal and the fan air volume is still insufficient, please check the fan bearing. If there is abnormal movement or noise, please replace the bearing.
2. There is no sowing at all
(1) Reasons for not broadcasting at all. The seeder does not sow at all during trial sowing and operation, mainly due to serious wear or improper transportation and storage, such as serious wear and deformation of square shaft, shaft sleeve, bevel gear, directional joint and seed metering device, resulting in insufficient wind speed and air volume, and does not sow at all.
(2) Exclusion method. Thoroughly overhaul the seeder before operation, such as straightening the square shaft, eliminating the gap with loose gaskets, and grinding after welding repair with serious wear. Bevel gears with excessive wear should be replaced in pairs, and those with less wear can be padded in the inner hole to eliminate the gap. The directional seam can be filled with wear marks by push welding, and then the surface is leveled. After reassembly, it should rotate flexibly. The seed metering device should be replaced. Pay attention to the lubrication of square shaft sleeve, shaft and bevel gear during maintenance to slow down wear. Collision should be prevented during transportation.
3. The sowing depth does not meet the agronomic requirements.
(1) Reason for failure. It is mainly caused by the long service time of machines and tools and the serious wear of parts. If the ditcher is difficult to enter the soil after wear, the ditch will become shallow; After the cover plate is worn, the coverage is reduced, the coverage thickness is small and the sowing depth is shallow; The depth adjusting screw and adjusting nut are badly worn, so they can be twisted at will, and will automatically retreat to change the adjustment depth when shaking during work; After the tension spring is weakened, the amount of soil covered decreases and the sowing depth becomes shallow.
(2) Prevention and elimination methods. Before operation, it should be carefully overhauled, and the wear degree of the above components should be identified, especially the seeder with long service life. If the lead screw and adjusting nut are seriously worn, they should be replaced with new nuts and equipped with double nuts to prevent loosening. After operation, butter the lead screw and nut to prevent corrosion. If the tension spring is too weak, it can be shortened or replaced with a new one. After the seasonal operation is completed, dismantle it and restore it to a free state, and the surface should be oiled and rustproof; The deformation of the cover plate should be corrected, if it is seriously worn, it should be welded or replaced with new products, and corrosion should be prevented when it is idle. The ditcher should also be maintained in this way.
In addition, it is necessary to prevent reversing without lifting the machine when working; When dropping machines and tools, it is necessary to "be fast first and then slow down", so that the machines and tools can touch the ground gently and touch the ground slowly while moving to prevent deformation and blockage. The transport seeder should avoid collision and be firmly fixed on the frame. Do not drive at high speed.