Since 1980s, Miao people living in different countries have been learning and using Miao Wen with Latin letters more and more. Up to now, this kind of Miao Wen actually has no exact name, and its emergence, implementation, dissemination and function are also little known. However, this kind of Miao Wen is really popular among Miao people all over the world and has become a written form that Miao people all over the world learn and use together. "International Miao Wen" is not a subjective and simple name, it has its own formation process and special functions and functions. Let's start here. 1949 65438+In February, a French Catholic missionary named Bertris came to Laos from France, and he chose a Miao village named Bison Mountain in Rambora for missionary activities. In order to facilitate his work, he first studied Miao language and designed a simple Miao language with dots and horizontal tones in French to write Miao language. At the same time, an American Christian missionary named Barney also preached in Miao Village in eastern Tang Chuan, Laos, and he also created a set of Miao Wen with numbers to express tones. The same nation, with the same language and different writing forms, obviously has many disadvantages. To this end, Betsy and Barney agreed to discuss the unification of the two forms of Miao Wen together in Rambla. In order to apply the unified Miao art, they also invited an American linguist named Smali and two Miao youths to participate in the discussion. 1953 in April, after discussion, they decided on a unified Miao Wen plan. There are 56 initials * * *, 13 vowel * *, and 8 tones * * *. Their specific forms are as follows:

Initial consonant: (56)

p ph np nph

pl plh npl nplh

m hm ml hml f v

No, no, no.

d dh l hl

tx txh ntx ntxh x

ts tsh nts ntsh s z

Right, right, right

c ch nc nch

ny hny xy y

k kh nk nkh h

q qh nq nqh

Vowel: (13)

Love and love

Yi yi

I'm ia

Oh, oh.

u ua

w

Tone: (8)

Bj v d-s g m ("-"means that the sound is not expressed by any letter) Bertes, Barney and Smoler created Miao Wen in Laos. They know that the purpose of writing is to apply. Therefore, in the following time, it is the main task to popularize and apply Miao Wencheng created by Bertais, Barney and Small. In this regard, Berteis has done the most. After the plan to unify Miao Wen was determined, Berteis returned to Bison Mountain. He began to compile Miao textbooks and related reading materials for the Miao people to learn and use. After hearing about the situation in Miao Wen, the Miao people also actively came to ask for advice. However, due to various reasons, Miao Wen's popularity at that time was not fast. According to statistics, by 1959, only about1000 people in and around Bison Mountain had mastered this set of Miao Wen. In order to speed up the popularization of this Miao Wen and expand its application scope, Betasi began to go out of Lamb Labang and promote this Miao Wen in Sannu. At the same time, some Italian missionaries also preached and established schools in Raptors, San 'an, Buli, Nankong and other places, and promoted the same set in Miao Wen. Soon, the Indo-Japanese War spread to Laos, and many people, including Berteis, were trapped in the crowd fleeing the war. 196 1 year, Betasi and many people went to Vientiane. In Vientiane, they continued to open schools, publish books and periodicals, and spread this Miao Wen. 1964, The Dictionary of Miao Law compiled by Berteis was officially published in Vientiane. 1969, a man named Hambach also compiled and published a Miao English dictionary in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The publication of these two dictionaries and other books has greatly promoted people's research on this set of Miao Wen. Many people joined the ranks of learning, which greatly increased the number of Miao people learning this set of Miao Wen. By 1975, most Miao people in Vientiane had mastered this set of Miao Wen, and most of them later became important communicators of this set of Miao Wen.

The Indo-zhina War in 1970s made thousands of people become refugees and flooded into Thailand. Among them, there are more than 60,000 Miao refugees alone, accounting for more than half of the total number of refugees. They live in several different refugee camps. In refugee camps, the concentration of personnel and sufficient time provide convenient conditions for the popularization of Miao Wen. In order to keep in touch in the future, learning and mastering this Miao text has become the conscious action of many Miao people. They organize themselves and carry out teaching activities. In a short time, many Miao people in the refugee camp have mastered this kind of Miao Wen. With the increasing number of refugees, the burden on the Thai government is getting heavier and heavier. As a result, the United Nations began to transfer some Indo-Chinese refugees to the United States, France, Canada, Australia, Germany, Argentina and China. In this way, Miao Wen, created by Berteis, Barney, Small and others, was introduced into relevant countries with the migration of Miao people. The scattered Miao people use this set of Miao Wen for communication, so this set of Miao Wen continues to be used by Miao people in some countries and gradually forms an international Miao language. When Miao Wen was used for international communication, many Miao people knew nothing about it. The popularity of "International Miao Wen" began with the Miao people who became refugees.

In western countries, Miao is a minority living in the main ethnic group. They are facing the high modernization of the main nation, but their language and culture are in danger of extinction. This sense of crisis urges Miao people to re-learn their own language and culture. In this way, an upsurge of learning "International Miao Wen" has quietly arisen among Miao people who have entered western countries. Children are the best hope for the survival and development of Miao people, and many parents require them to master their own spoken and written languages. In order to achieve this goal, in places where Miao people are concentrated, Miao people's associations or societies directly set up extracurricular Miao language schools for Miao children; Or require regular schools (including universities) to offer "International Miao Wen" courses and Miao Wen courses. Some people personally compile books, newspapers and periodicals for everyone to read, record audio-visual images of Miao people for everyone to learn, and even raise funds to set up "International Miao Wen" radio and television programs in local radio and television stations to improve the learning interest and efficiency of Miao people. These practices have greatly improved the popularity of "International Miao Wen" among Miao people who have entered western countries. By the early 1980s, some Hmong people had a little savings economically, and some Hmong people began to go to Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, Viet Nam and China to find their roots or visit. They not only brought their own development experience, but also brought the "International Miao Wen" which promoted their own development. In order to facilitate contact with them, Miao people in China, Viet Nam and Myanmar, as well as those who have never left Thailand and Laos, have also learned and used this set of Miao Wen. At this point, the real "international Miao Wen" has been fully formed. Through the long-term efforts of creators and users, coupled with objective factors such as the migration of Miao people around the world caused by war, the International Miao Wen has been widely used among Miao people in various countries, which has obviously promoted the production, life, economy and cultural undertakings of Miao people in various countries. After the formation of "International Miao Wen", Miao people used it to communicate and publish all kinds of information in Miao Wen publications, which strengthened the ties between Miao people and found relatives and friends. As some Miao people said: Without "International Miao Wen", Miao people seem to be very close and far away; With the "International Miao Wen", the Miao people are far away and seemingly close. "International Miao Wen" is like an invisible bond, which closely links the Miao people of all countries. What's more gratifying is that some Miao people make use of "International Miao Wen" to exchange propaganda, exchange needed goods and carry out activities such as tourism, economy and trade, thus increasing their income and promoting their respective economic development. For example, in China, some Miao people write articles in International Miao Wen and publish them in relevant foreign journals to introduce the production, life and customs of Miao people in China, which attracts many foreign Miao people to visit China every year and promotes the development of local tourism. On the other hand, some Miao people in China use the "International Miao Wen" to promote their unique national costumes and other handicrafts abroad and earn a lot of foreign exchange. Some people even introduced some capital and technology to cooperate on some projects. In Thailand, Laos and other countries, "International Miao Wen" also plays the same role, even better in some aspects. Therefore, it can be said that "International Miao Wen" has changed or is changing the traditional way of life and production of the Miao people, which has led to economic activities such as cross-border tourism and cross-border trade of the Miao people, which is undoubtedly of great practical significance to the development of the Miao people in various countries.

The formation of "International Miao Wen" has also inherited and protected the traditional culture of Miao nationality, and many new cultural development phenomena have emerged. In the past, Miao poetry, stories and Lusheng tunes were all passed down from mouth to mouth. Since the "International Miao Wen" came into being, many people have used it to record Miao's poems, stories and Lusheng tunes, and compiled and published them, making them an important cultural heritage for future generations to study, study and permanently preserve. Some Miao scholars also use International Miao Wen to write papers and books, sum up their experience in production and life, and even create modern songs and literary works for the Miao people, which greatly enriched their cultural life and promoted the modernization of their culture. In addition, "International Miao Wen" has promoted the formation of written Miao language, standardized and unified Miao language, and facilitated the communication between Miao people in various countries. It is reasonable to believe that with the further development of the function of "International Miao Wen", the Miao language will be more abundant and developed.

The formation and function of "International Miao Wen" is a miracle in Miao history. This linguistic and cultural phenomenon is rare among other ethnic minorities in the world today.

The appearance of characters is an important symbol of human or national civilization, which has been verified by the Miao people who are about to enter the 2 1 century. It can be said that "International Miao Wen" is bringing the Miao people all over the world into a new historical development stage. Through the popularization and application of "International Miao Wen", it is entirely possible for the Miao people to gradually move towards civilization and modernization.