Fable stories in essays and historical biographies of pre-Qin philosophers. It is not an independent article in the original work, but as one of the means of argument, with the help of a convincing or ironic story to clarify a certain truth. However, it spread independently because of its high literariness, which had a far-reaching influence on later literature and became an independent literary genre. The word "fable" first appeared in Zhuangzi. Originated from the folk, developed from metaphor and prevailed in the Warring States period. There are more than 200 fables in Zhuangzi and more than 300 works in Everything is Wrong, which is not uncommon in other works. It comes from folk stories, historical legends, or stories created by authors, most of which are magnificent, strange and full of literary color. As far as the author is concerned, the purpose of using fables is mainly to illustrate the author's point of view, or as a metaphor, or as a sustenance, or as an argument, so as to illustrate his own proposition, that is, Zhuangzi's "fable is widely used". From the content point of view, the fables in the pre-Qin period, first, use the concrete and vivid fables to help people understand and accept more abstract and even profound philosophies, such as Mencius' theory of "promoting youth" to clarify his theory of nourishing qi; "Zhuangzi" uses "looking at the ocean and sighing" to illustrate the unparalleled "Tao" and "dreaming of butterflies in Zhuang Zhou" to illustrate that life is like a dream. One is to use fables to help explain political views. For example, "Zheng people buy shoes" and "wait for rabbits" in Han Feizi, which shows that "Wang Zhizheng used to be the people of the world and was stupid"; "Carving a boat for a sword" in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is also a conservative figure who accuses him of using the old law regardless of the changes of the times. One is to clarify moral cultivation, such as Zhuangzi's metaphor of "knowing cows and treating doctors" and "struggling to inherit" as a metaphor of determination; The "Qi people begging for help" in Mencius satirizes those who pursue wealth without shame, and the "two sons learning chess" also makes it clear that learning requires dedication to achieve something. In addition, there are strategies used to illustrate the vertical and horizontal strategies, which are more common in the Warring States Policy. For example, in Wei Ce, Wang Wei was discouraged from attacking Zhao by doing the opposite, and in Qi Ce, Zhao Yang was discouraged from attacking Qi by adding superfluous words. Fables use fables to illustrate the main idea of the argument, but the image of the fable itself has objective significance, which may be consistent with the understanding of the fable, or it may be different. In addition, fable has its own value, from which we can see the face of society, including the nature of society and the human world at that time, which has high social awareness value. The artistic achievements of pre-Qin fables are also very high, especially the author has created many vivid images with strong romanticism through rich imagination and fictional plots. This point is particularly prominent in Zhuangzi, such as laughing at Dapeng after scolding (Xiaoyao Tour) and denouncing stealing feet (Stealing feet). The stories are strange, but they are all harmonious and have typical significance. Exaggeration is a common technique in pre-Qin fables. For example, in Zhuangzi, a craftsman cuts a thin layer of powder from his nose with an axe, but it is calm and vivid. Personification is also a common technique. The author endows a large number of animals and plants with human personality characteristics to reflect social life, such as The Warring States Policy, The Smith, Zhuangzi and The Owl Got a Rotten Mouse, and satirizes a class of people and souls that are common in society by using the cunning of the fox, the fierceness of the tiger and the ugliness of the owl. The rich imagination, vivid images, exaggerated and personified use of fables in the pre-Qin period, as well as the simple general structure, language washing, colloquialism and personalization also have high artistic value, which not only directly influenced the fable creation in the Tang and Ming dynasties, but also played a role in inheriting myths and enlightening novels. Simple storylines and personalized dialogues in pre-Qin fables inspired the generation of later novels; Many of these fables can be regarded as the prototype of chores and strange novels in Wei and Jin Dynasties.