Students read and think.
Teacher: Let's think further. What have you learned? Write the key words.
Students think again.
Teacher: OK, let's talk about it again and tell you what you saw in this article. Ok, raise your hand. Ok, thank you!
Health: After reading this article, I understand that there are still people in China who are not confident, as can be seen from the seventh paragraph.
Teacher: OK!
Health: It is about people who work hard, people who work hard, people who plead for the people, and people who die for the law. These are-they are down-to-earth people who plead for their lives and work hard. That is to say, there are still some people in China who don't lose heart.
Teacher: Good. I learned a very important question. The people of China have never lost heart. There are many confident people in China. Key issues in understanding the full text. -All right, go ahead. Go on, what else have you read?
Teacher: OK, thanks!
Health: China people have not lost heart.
Teacher: I also understand a problem. Ok, keep talking.
Health: What China people have lost is self-deception and trust.
Teacher: Anything else? Ok, please sit down! I learned another key question. Some people say: Have China people lost confidence? This statement is wrong. Because China people-some China people have lost confidence, confidence or self-deception. We can also add that this is a way for the authors to confuse each other, so this question will not be pushed forward. Ok, did you find anything else? Thank you for your speech.
(The students didn't speak)
Teacher: OK, we can think about it. Let's invite the last student to speak.
Health: It is clearly pointed out that the vast majority of China people have not lost confidence, which has greatly stimulated the ambition and national confidence of China people. Shows the author's patriotism.
Teacher: Well, he understands that the purpose of this article is that the author wrote this article to stimulate the national self-confidence of China people. You see, the answers of three students have solved three important problems. First of all, the article is very important: China people have not lost confidence. Second: What is the method used by the author? Third, what is the purpose of the full text.
When we read an article, we usually have to solve three major problems: First, why do we write this article? Our classmates answered just now. If we want to explain it in depth, we need to practice the background of the times: 193 1 year, when the Japanese launched the September 18th Incident and the Northeast fell, bureaucratic politicians and social "celebrities" of the Kuomintang of China held many "legal meetings" in Beijing and other places to pray for "saving the country". Some people even "pray for the blessing of Buddha and Bodhisattva" and say, "Now people's hearts are immersed in decline! This is not an increase in the power of the Buddha, nor is it a disaster. "1On August 27th, 934, Ta Kung Pao, an influential bourgeois newspaper at that time, also published an editorial about Confucius' birthday, spreading the defeatist argument that' China people have lost confidence'. The lackeys and literati of the bourgeoisie also roared that "the people of China have lost confidence". What kind of China people have lost confidence? On September 25th of the same year, Mr. Lu Xun wrote "Have China people lost their self-confidence? , was strongly refuted. (blackboard writing: why do you want to write? )
The second question is what is the theme: China people have always been confident. (blackboard writing: what is the theme? )
Then there is another question: where is the beauty? What's good about this article? Why does it still appear in our textbooks 70 years later? Why did many textbooks choose this article? Ok, let's concentrate on solving this problem: what is the beauty of this article? Look at the text and think about this problem. Students can exchange ideas. (blackboard writing: there is nothing to see. )
Students think.
Teacher: Well, just two minutes ago, everyone was familiar with the text. Now, around your own goals, think and choose what you are interested in to prepare: 1. Where is the beauty of the text title? Second, where is the structural beauty of the full text? Third, what is the beauty of the rebuttal method? 4. What's good about the demonstration part of the text? Fifth, where are the words, sentences and language expressions of the full text? Sixth, what do we think is good when reading the argument? Six questions, choose one and start preparing!
Students think further.
(5 minutes later. )
Teacher: Very satisfied, fully concerned and thinking about the problem. Now, let's invite students to communicate on the issues they are interested in. It depends on our confidence.
Teacher: OK, let's enjoy it together. Now, it depends on our confidence. Let's start communicating. Who will go first?
Health: China people have lost confidence. This is the argument of the Kuomintang and some people. Have China people lost confidence? Lu Xun raised his doubts and refuted the wrong argument. He lashed out at the Kuomintang emotionally.
Teacher: What are the advantages of being more concise?
Health: He questioned from the beginning, and his language was clear and clear.
Teacher: Miao put forward an argument at the beginning of the article that can correct the other side's point of view. It is not perfunctory, euphemistic and straightforward, and it is refreshing to read. -Good, keep coming.
Health: This paper first puts forward the wrong view of the other party to refute, and then puts forward my own correct view, and demonstrates it from the opposite side to make my own view more specific and clear.
Teacher: Refutation is to refute the other side's point of view, and the argument also plays a role in refuting the other side's point of view. Refuting first and then standing, the level is very clear and logical.
Health: The beauty of this article lies in the method of refutation. The method of this paper is to wave the other side's argument, which can't support the point of view at all. Just refute the other side's argument.
Teacher: The angle of rebuttal is very clever.
Teacher: The level of this article is very clear. It is divided into three levels. The first level is from boasting about vast territory and abundant resources to pleading with the League of Nations to pray to God and worship Buddha. This is the first level. The second level is based on the other side's argument, discussing the self-deception of China's development. The third level is to discuss that China people have not lost confidence, which is precisely the backbone of China.
Teacher: Anything else?
Health: No more.
Teacher: OK, if I divide it, I might be like this: the first level is rebuttal (including a transitional paragraph), the second level is argument, and the last paragraph is summary. This is how I divide it. How about the angle?
Health: This article is profound in thought, which clearly embodies the charm of Lu Xun as a thinker, and its language is sharp and vivid. For example, the third paragraph directly refutes the enemy's point of view, and the indirect refutation in the sixth and seventh paragraphs is very obvious and profound.
Teacher: You made two wonderful points, direct refutation and indirect refutation, which were well analyzed. -Where's the title? Do you like this title?
Health: The topic is rhetorical, but it is actually my own answer. The people of China have not lost heart.
Teacher: The topic contains many factors. Let's look at it separately. "Have China people lost confidence?" It contains a point of view, but also contains the meaning of refuting the other side. Reading and reading, we obviously feel the inner resentment. Read it together.
Read "Have China People Lost Confidence?" .
Teacher: I have no strength. Be soft and hard.
Once again, the student asked, "Have China people lost confidence?" .
Teacher: I haven't read the question yet, but I have read the emotion. This title has another advantage. This title is actually a suspense. What do we want to write in this title? You will look down. There are many beauties in the title.
Teacher: OK, there are still two questions unanswered. Did any students answer?
Students think.
Teacher: These two questions are very difficult. You can choose a paragraph or a part to talk about.
Teacher: No one answered. It seems really difficult. Then let's look at the text and arguments. "Do we have China people who have lost confidence!" Powerful and clear-cut. Therefore, reading this sentence gives us confidence and makes us proud. Ok, let's read it together.
The students read "Have we lost confidence in China?".
Teacher: The word "we" should pause a little, and the word "China people" should be read proudly. Read it again.
The students read again "Have we lost confidence in China?".
Teacher: the first one didn't read well, and the second one did well.
Old teachers read, students read again.
Teacher: OK, look at the next paragraph. Parallelism, so it reads fluently.
Students read "Since ancient times, there have been people who have worked hard, people who have worked hard, people who have pleaded for the people, and people who have sacrificed their lives for the law ...".
Teacher: We should read the words "This is the backbone of China". Read it again.
Students read "Since ancient times, there have been people who have worked hard, people who have worked hard, people who have pleaded for the people, and people who have sacrificed their lives for the law ...".
Teacher: Great! Keep coming. "This kind of person, even now so little? ..... "Pay attention to the last sentence and read out the angry feelings.
Students read such people, even now, so few? ..... If you add them together, it is simply slander. "
Teacher: Look, the mood is coming out. Pay attention to the pronunciation of a word. The word "Wei" in "can't be known to all" means "weí" and means existence. If the song "The Hut is Broken by Autumn Wind" is pronounced as "we", is there another one? Inside. All right, let's practice again.
Students read, "How many such people are there, and even now, how few are there?" ..... If you add them together, it is simply slander. "
Teacher: Very good, very good. Let's look at what we have just read. Arguments, arguments and arguments are extremely clear in level and organization. It's a small model for writing a paper. I'll read it to you again and feel its arguments, arguments, arguments and feelings.
The old teacher read: "We haven't lost heart ... that's simply slander".
Teacher: Is the teacher good at reading?
Health: Good!
Teacher: Thank you! You read well, too. Do it again.
The students read aloud: "we have not lost confidence ... that is simply slander."
Teacher: What a good book! Make a comment below. "Do we have China people who have lost confidence?" —— Argument. Mark the word "argument". The second paragraph, "We have been ..." This paragraph-argument. The third paragraph-discussion. Expressing emotions in the discussion, colleagues refute each other.
Student comments.
Teacher: OK, keep drawing these words. Work hard, work hard, plead for the people, lay down for the law, and wave after wave.
Student sketch.
Teacher: ok, continue to comment: "plead for the people" means to speak for the people. "Give your life for the law" is desperate for the truth. The meaning of these two words is related to what we read above, which is actually the beauty of this article, that is, refuting evidence. The argument is not enough to support his argument. This statement is more complicated, let's simplify it. What ingenious techniques did the author use? Three words: analysis concept. (The teacher writes on the blackboard: Analyze concepts. )
Teacher: Let me give you another example. In 1949, Comrade Mao Zedong wrote an article entitled Friendship or Aggression. He said that there was an American who lived in China for many years. His name was Acheson. Acheson said that we have always been friendly to the people of China. We have built many schools in China and given a lot of money to the people of China. We are all expressions of "friendship". Mao Zedong said you used the wrong word, not "friendship" but "aggression". Even the word "friendship" has been refuted, and Acheson's argument is wrong. That's how Lu Xun used it. "Have China people lost confidence?" The words "China people" are obviously found in some China people and all China people. Lu Xun did not refute this place. Where is it? It was in the place where we read aloud just now that we cleverly said that some people in China are not going to all the people in China. So which concept does Mr. Lu Xun pay attention to? It's "confidence" In the theory of friend or foe, whether we China people believe in "land" or other things, the League of Nations or Thaksin. The word "Thaksin" is not "confidence", is it? The words "self-deception" are not "confidence", are they? All wrong. "Trust" is not "self-confidence", and "self-deception" is not "self-confidence"! The concept of "confidence" is wrong. Therefore, it is said in the article that "self-confidence would have disappeared long ago if the paper was presented". China has no self-confidence, so they deliberately misused the word "self-confidence" in the theory of friend or foe to refute their conceptual mistakes. If you use this rebuttal a little, it will be very attractive. For example, Taiwan independence and Taiwan Province can be independent, right? Then its concept is wrong, and the concept of "independence" is wrong. Analyzing the word "independence" is untenable. So we simplify the problem and make it easier for us to master knowledge. Ok, this lesson, the teacher will summarize it for you again, and everyone will write it down. "Have China people lost confidence?" It can be summarized in the following sentences, that is, six sentences: profound disclosure and enthusiastic eulogy. The organization is perfect and the levels are clear. The absurdity of enemy theory and the sublimation of argument. Vivid technique, passionate language. The content is short and the light of thought. National pride is the backbone of China.
Ok, that's all for this class. Thank you. Class is over.