▲ What is material selection? What's the point of selecting materials? The so-called material selection is the process of identifying and cutting materials according to certain writing intentions in article writing. It is carried out on the basis of accumulated materials and has entered the conception stage of the article. The significance of material selection lies in: ① Deepening the writing intention. When the writing intention is initially formed, because it has not been put into the form of expression, it is often vague for the author to choose materials according to this intention. In the process of defining the specific writing form, the writing intention will be gradually clarified, which can make up for carelessness and correct bias. The process of selecting materials has become a process of deepening writing intention. ② Enrich the writing content. The process of selecting materials is the process of giving content to articles. Whether the content is solid or not determines the vitality of the article. Careful material selection will enrich the content of the article. ▲ What is the principle of material selection? There are three principles in selecting materials: first, selecting materials around the writing intention; The second is to choose novel and vivid materials; The third is to choose typical materials. ▲ What are the methods for selecting materials? There are roughly two methods for selecting materials, one is identification, and the other is tailoring. Chairman Mao said: "We can't understand what we feel at once, only what we understand can make us feel it more deeply." The process of identifying materials is also a process of deepening the understanding of materials. There are two points to be grasped in the identification of materials: first, the identification of authenticity, to find out whether it ever existed, whether it happened under such conditions, and whether it happened according to such a process. Keep it for real, and leave it for fake. The second is the determination of degree. At the same time, there are differences in the depth at which real materials express certain writing intentions. This difference is very subtle in some materials, which is difficult to see through at a glance, but it is often in subtlety that the level of the article can be shown. The so-called tailoring means cutting off the secondary and non-essential materials, retaining the main essential materials, deleting the parts unrelated to the writing intention, and highlighting the parts related to the writing intention. There are generally three kinds of clipping: one is interception. Interception refers to taking out materials or parts of materials related to a certain writing intention from a certain class or material. When cutting, we should grasp the essence and pay attention to integrity, and we can't take it out of context. The second is detailed, the purpose is to highlight the key points and highlight the main idea. Detailed means to write detailed materials that are important to express writing intention, and to write brief materials that are not important to express writing intention. The third is concentration. The key point is to emphasize the internal meaning of the material according to the writing intention. 2. Writing mineral water at the beginning naturally leads to the mountain springs in my hometown, and compares the nature and beauty of the spring water in my hometown and the mineral water in a foreign land. Mother's two words played a central role, indicating that only by loving our hometown and absorbing its material and spiritual nutrition can we make the cornerstone of our future life solid. 4. Explain whether the father is in adversity or prosperity. Have not changed their feelings of loving their hometown. 1. The function of scenery description: to render the atmosphere, contrast the emotions of the characters, promote the development of the plot, show the quality of the characters and contrast the central meaning. 2. The function of description method: to express the character and reflect the theme of the work. 3. The role of metaphor, personification and other rhetoric: vivid writing ... 4. The role of parallelism: enhancing language enlightenment. Vividly wrote ... revealing the theme; Tip clue 8. Function of the first paragraph: 1. Environmental description: point out the location and environment where the story takes place, lead to the following, and pave the way for the development of the following plot 2. Others: start with the topic and lay the emotional tone of the full text; Cite the full text or cause the following, paving the way for the development of the following plot. 9. The function of the middle sentence: the excessive function of connecting the front and the back 10. The function of conclusive argumentative sentences: summarize the full text, take care of the beginning, point out the center and deepen the theme 1 1. Narrative order: chronological order, flashback, insertion 12. The second person said, kind and natural; The third person can be described from many angles, not limited by time and space. 13. The form of narrative clues: physical objects; Characters; Changes in thoughts and feelings; Time; Change of position; Central event 14. The method of finding clues: title; A recurring word or thing; Lyric comment sentence 15. The appreciation of sentence paragraphs is considered from three aspects: content (what is written and what is unique in the selection of materials); Form (writing method, language features, rhetoric); Emotion (the social value, significance and function of the article, etc.). ) Summary of basic knowledge points of junior middle school Chinese Part I Two common narrative clues: object line and emotional line. Two language types: spoken and written. Two ways of argumentation: argumentation and refutation. Two explanatory languages: plain and vivid. There are two types of expositions: expositions about things and expositions about things. Two kinds of environmental descriptions: the description of natural environment-contrast the emotions of characters and render the atmosphere. Description of social environment-explain the background of the times. Two types of argumentation: factual argumentation and rational argumentation. In the second part, there are three characters: the first person, the second person and the third person. Three emotional colors: positive, negative and neutral. The novel has three elements: the characters (the main characters depend on whether the theme of the novel can be expressed), the plot (beginning/development/climax/ending) and the environment (natural environment/social environment). ) Characters mainly master the reading skills of portraying characters and reflecting their thoughts and personalities through appropriate description methods and angles. Plot mainly understands the basic content of each part and the methods and skills to understand and analyze the plot of the novel. Begin to explain the background and pave the way for the following. For example, at the beginning of Kong Yiji, the layout of Xianheng Hotel and the scenes of two different identities and positions of drinkers (short coat gang and long coat customers) were described, which explained the social background of the disparity between the rich and the poor and class opposition at that time, paving the way for the emergence of this special figure, Kong Yiji. Develop the characters' personalities and embody their individuality. Example: The development part of Kong Yiji tells the scene that Kong Yiji was laughed at for drinking at Xianheng Hotel for the first time. Through the description of Kong Yiji's image, manners, movements and language, this paper reveals his ideological character of poverty, self-deception, pedantry, pride and laziness. The climax shows conflict and reveals the theme. Example: The climax of Kong Yiji tells the scene that Kong Yiji was laughed at for drinking at Xianheng Hotel for the last time. By reflecting Ding's positive description of Kong Yiji's physical disability, he showed his tragic experience, thus profoundly exposing the evils of the feudal imperial examination system. The ending deepens the theme and leaves some thoughts. For example, in the ending of Kong Yiji, a group of meaningful words such as "about" and "indeed" not only add tragic meaning to Kong Yiji's tragic fate, but also leave readers with endless thoughts. Environment mainly understands the role of natural environment and social environment. The natural environment describes the natural landscape, exaggerates the atmosphere, sets off emotions, predicts the fate of characters, reveals the essence of society and promotes the development of plots. Example 1: The climax of Kong Yiji depicts a bleak atmosphere by describing the sad scene in autumn, which indicates the tragic ending of Kong Yiji's imminent death. Example 2: The climax and ending of My Uncle Yule set off the cheerful, frustrated and depressed mood of the characters by describing two contrasting sea scenes. Example 3: Under the scorching sun and heavy rain, the full text tries to describe the scorching sun and heavy rain, which not only promotes the plot to develop step by step, but also shows the tragic fate of rickshaw pullers who are inferior to cattle and horses, and reveals the cruelty of society at that time more deeply. The social environment describes the social situation, explains the background of the story, reveals the social essence, and paves the way for the following content. At the beginning of Kong Yiji, by describing the layout of Xianheng Hotel and the customers' comings and goings, it illustrates the social reality of class opposition and disparity between the rich and the poor at that time, paving the way for the appearance of a special figure, Kong Yiji. Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation. Argumentative essay consists of three parts: asking questions (introduction), analyzing questions (thesis) and solving problems (conclusion). Three orders of interpretation: chronological order, spatial order and logical order. Three principles of language use: conciseness, coherence and appropriateness. Three narrative sequences: direct narrative, flashback and insertion. Supplementary narrative is an interpolation. The third part includes four literary genres: novel, poetry, drama and prose. Four usages of sentences: declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences. The plot of the novel consists of four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending. In the fourth part, there are five argumentation methods: example argumentation, truth argumentation, metaphor argumentation, contrast argumentation and quotation argumentation. Five ways of expression: narration, description, explanation, lyricism and discussion. Five usages of quotation marks: ① table quotation ② table irony or negation ③ table specific title ④ table emphasizes or emphatically points out five usages of dashes with special significance: ① table annotation ② table insertion ③ table sound interruption, continuation ④ table topic conversion ⑤ table meaning progression ⑤ Part V Six logical sequences: ① general → individual ② phenomenon → essence ③ reason → result ④ summary → concrete ⑤. Six methods of character description: portrait description, language description, action description, psychological description, detail description and expression description. Six kinds of ill sentences: ① Incomplete components ② Improper collocation ③ Improper use of related words ④ Inconsistency of words ⑤ Misuse and abuse of function words (prepositions) ⑤ Six usages of ellipsis: ① Omission of table contents ② Intermittent expressions ③ Incomplete table due to grabbing the vernacular; ④ Contradiction of tabular thinking; ⑤ tabular thinking is in progress; Part VI: Seven methods of explanation: example, analogy, comparison, enumeration, classification, definition and quotation. Seven kinds of phrases: coordinate phrases, radical phrases, subject-predicate phrases, verb-object phrases, complement phrases, word-removed phrases and object-object phrases. Part VII: Eight types of complex sentences: ① coordinate complex sentences, ② turning complex sentences, ③ conditional complex sentences, ④ progressive complex sentences, ⑤ choosing complex sentences, ⑧ assuming complex sentences, and ⑧ following complex sentences: ① metaphor-making language vivid and increasing language color. 2 personification-writing things into adults makes the language vivid. 3 exaggeration-highlight something or emphasize a feeling. 4 parallelism-enhance the language momentum and enhance the expression effect. ⑤ Duality-make the language concise and neat. ⑥ Quote-enhance the persuasiveness of language. ⑦ Ask questions-arouse readers' attention and thinking. ⑧ rhetorical question-plays an emphasis role and enhances the positive (negative) tone.