Let's talk about "introduction" first. "Introduction" refers to a concise summary of the contents of the book, so that readers have a general understanding of the contents of the book. For example, the book review Unforgettable Nanjing Love contains 64 articles. In the first half of the 20th century, most of the landscapes, customs and habits in Nanjing were charming. 80 frames of photos clearly reproduce the old shadow of the ancient capital 50 years ago, and the old image of Jinling is very interesting. "
Say "evaluation" and "evaluation" first can be a bird's eye view of the whole book. For example, the book review "Show Another Einstein" commented on Einstein's collected works in his later years: "Every article reflects the author's keen knowledge and scientific vision. The book contains the conscience of scientists and intellectuals and is saturated with his great humanistic concern for all mankind in the whole 20 th century. " You can also focus on the details of the work and make the finishing touch comments. For example, Jin Shengtan's comments on the section "Lutai Town in Kansai" described Luda as a bartender: "All the way in Luda's pen, Luda wrote that he was generous and generous in beating people." In a few words, it is pointed out that Lu Da's action description in Water Margin is completely personalized. "Evaluation" is the most important and critical part in book review, and it is also the most skillful part. From here, we can see a person's ideological level, artistic accomplishment, appreciation ability, language skills and so on. Pay attention to the following points when evaluating works: ① Pay attention to the scientific nature of evaluation. Under the guidance of scientific literary theory, comment realistically, and don't exaggerate or belittle it arbitrarily by personal intuition and prejudice. ② Pay attention to the originality of ideas. We should read, analyze, study, ponder and taste repeatedly, deeply understand and accurately grasp the object of criticism, tap the ideological significance and artistic characteristics of the works, and put forward our own novel, profound and incisive opinions; Instead of dabbling, the analysis is irrelevant, and only some old, superficial and vulgar views are published. There is such a novel in Shi Shuo Xin Yu: "Ruan Guanglu once had a good car and gave it to all borrowers." Someone buried his mother, but he wanted to borrow it but was afraid to ask. Hearing this, Ruan sighed, "I have a car, and others dare not borrow it. "Why?" Then burn it. Mr. Zong Baihua commented like this: "What a serious spirit of self-blame! But it is not out of fear of words and etiquette, but because of the emphasis on the beauty of one's personality and the expression of great compassion. "Mr. Zong's comments are original and incisive. The so-called "analyzing meaning with subtle connotation, distinguishing words unscathed." "
(Ancient prose view stops) 3 Pay attention to the vividness of language. There are similarities between the language of criticism and the language of argumentation, such as requiring accurate and rigorous language expression; There are also differences, so it is necessary to emphasize appropriate literary talent and enhance the vividness and vividness of expression.
Say "recommendation" first. This is the end of the book review, which means that good books are appreciated by readers. If unforgettable, it reads: "Nanjing has a long and profound cultural origin and deserves special attention. People who love Nanjing culture, even if they are not in Nanjing, can appreciate Nanjing feelings from Nanjing Feelings. "
As the saying goes, there is no fixed way to write book reviews, and of course there is no certain format, which can vary from person to person and from book to book. For example, a book review that focuses on feelings can directly start with narrating feelings: "He Jianming's long reportage" Report on China's College Entrance Examination "is a very powerful work. If you don't read, the more you read, the more people feel that the college entrance examination is too heavy. It is so heavy that many people in China have their backs bent, and even the backbone of the Chinese nation has been seriously deformed. College entrance examination! When can I get out of the strange circle? " ("Out of the Strange Circle of College Entrance Examination") If you want to bring some literary color and give readers some suspense, you can also start with a lyric: "If you enter Proust's world, I don't think you will be amazed at the magical charm produced by that wonderful symbol, indulge in the long aftertaste of Madeleine snacks, and be shocked by the strong exposure of the secret world in human hearts. As one of the translators of Memories of the Past, I can't help but feel the temptation, impact, washing, enrichment and purification of my soul and senses from the sensory world opened by Proust. " Of course, the end of the book review doesn't have to be recommended. You can express a wish, such as "I would like to lead us to a poetic dwelling place through the path paved by Wei 'an's kind and simple language, vivid poetry and quiet and agile beauty." "(Reading) The recommended works are sincere in expressing their wishes. You can also criticize a phenomenon or practice, for example, "They think that if a child's painting can be exactly the same as the example, then this kind of training is successful. "But, they don't understand, children have their own world, children have their own art, they are different from adults! Various artificial restrictions may be a kind of strangulation to children's artistic potential. " The purpose of criticism is still to recommend.
Book review in a broad sense includes post-reading. After reading it, I focused on my subjective feelings. There are three points to pay attention to after reading: First, writing after reading must have a clear central argument (or central idea), and it should not be chaotic and rambling. Second, this central argument (or central idea) must be extracted and summarized from the materials read, and it has an inevitable internal connection with the materials read. Third, you must write what you read, what you think, what you feel and what you realize. You can write a little, or you can write a few points, not asking for everything, but you must write your own unique knowledge and understanding. Stylistically speaking, after reading, put forward an argument, refute it, or elaborate it, which is similar to argumentative writing. Argumentative writing is usually classified as a kind of argumentative writing. The following situations should be avoided when writing the post-reading feeling: ① Less "feeling" and more "description". It is called feeling after reading, but there are few feelings, feelings and feelings, and many even repeat what they have read. 2 "Feeling" is not new. Although there are some feelings in the article, it is just the same old tune, or parrot-learned, and I can't write my own true and unique feelings. 3 "Love" is not deep. Although I can also write a little about my feelings, it's just trick or two, speaking in general terms and dabbling in it. 4 "Feeling" is out of tune. Although I wrote a lot of feelings, I don't know where the "feelings" came from, which has nothing to do with the materials I read; In other words, although "love" comes from "reading", it misinterprets the meaning of the original text and "love" is out of shape.
When writing a book review, no matter whether it focuses on evaluation or feelings, we should make great efforts to study the work itself repeatedly, so as to get to the point and have original opinions.
The following is the information
Shi Shuo Xin Yu is the earliest collection of classical Chinese novels in China. This book was compiled by Liu Yiqing, a writer in the Southern Song Dynasty. The book is divided into "Virtue, Foreword, Two Politics, Three Essays, Four Righteousness, Five Elegances, Six Knowledge, Seven Rewards, Eight Products, Nine Treatments, Proverbs, Ten Enlightenment, Eleven Rejuvenation, Twelve Generosity, Thirteen Rong Zhi, Fourteen Restoration, Fifteen Enterprise Envy, Sixteen Mourning, Eighteen Immortality, Nineteen Technical Solutions, Twenty Skillful Arts and Twenty-one Small Instruments". Those stories vividly reflected the social outlook at that time, especially the living conditions of the literati class and even the spiritual world.
The role of "telling people and understanding people" in Shi Shuo Xin Yu is very great. For example, the story "Beyond the Skull" enlightens us that imitating others on the surface will lead to a farther distance from others, which is based on Wang Lang's apparent learning from Huaxin.
For another example, in the story of "giving his life for righteousness", Gou Jianbo would rather trade his life for his friend's life in order to save his friend. When thieves and soldiers saw Gou Jianbo in this way, they said to each other, "We have no benevolence and righteousness, and we have entered a country of benevolence and righteousness." Then I retreated. The spirit of sacrificing one's life for righteousness is something that everyone should have.
For another example, Gu Rong in "Moxibustion in Gu Rong" saw the face of the person who sent the barbecue and said, "Is there anyone who sticks to it all day and doesn't know its taste?" He gave the barbecue to the butcher. Later, when he was in danger, he often had a person to help himself, and that was the person who accepted the barbecue. Generally speaking, this is "good intentions are rewarded."
Liu Yiqing, king of Linchuan in the Southern Song Dynasty, was not a poet, nor was the note novel Shi Shuo Xin Yu edited by him and his staff. However, if we reinterpret this earliest ambitious novel in China from the perspective of poetry, we can easily find that this classic, which mainly records anecdotes of emperors and generals, presents a distinctive poetic quality and radiates dazzling poetic brilliance. It mainly reflects the ideological style of aristocratic families and preserves social, political, ideological, literary and linguistic historical materials, which is of great value.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu mainly describes the life and thoughts of scholars and the ruling class, reflecting the ideological deeds of scholars in Wei and Jin Dynasties and the life of the upper class. The record is quite rich and true. This description helps readers to understand the era and political and social environment in which the scholars lived at that time, and let us clearly see the so-called "Wei-Jin demeanor".
Xie An was admired by scholars for his elegant words and deeds and detached temperament, and was a representative figure in Wei and Jin Dynasties.
Generally speaking, Shi Shuo Xin Yu was influenced by the philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi, which was popular in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Therefore, although the language is short, it is still good at highlighting the character in a comparative way. And the plot is dramatic, tortuous and funny. Good at writing by combining words with notes.
Every story in Shi Shuo Xin Yu is short in length, but it reads like a short story read today, with a beginning, an end and a climax. The words and deeds of the characters recorded are often sporadic fragments, but there is a characteristic in words and expressions, that is, the spoken language at that time is often recorded truthfully without any modification, so some words are not well understood but concise, which can convey people's characteristics. Generally speaking, it is very simple prose, which embodies the personality characteristics that are sometimes like spoken English but meaningful.
Good at grasping the characteristics of characters. The author often accurately describes the protagonist's language and actions with simple words, and clearly presents the protagonist's character to the readers. Such as the description of "Cao Cao grabs the knife".
Make good use of contrast to highlight the character. For example, Xie An's composure during the Battle of Feishui, and the panic of the ministers in the DPRK. Also, Huan Wen is hosting a banquet, inviting courtiers to take the opportunity to get rid of Xie An and Wang. Wang was terrified, but Xie An "thanked him for his tolerance. The more he showed his appearance, the more he looked at his appearance, and the more he sang, the more he satirized the vast torrent."
In addition, Shi Shuo Xin Yu makes good use of literary techniques such as metaphor, metaphor, exaggeration and description, such as the allusion of "no catkins because of the wind". It not only retains many well-known words, but also adds infinite brilliance to the book.
I think its important value lies in its original ecological record of "Wei and Jin demeanor". Wei and Jin Dynasties is an era of pursuing beauty. Appreciating physical beauty, behaving beauty and pursuing celebrity manners became the social fashion in that particular historical period. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the demand and pursuit of male beauty exceeded any time.
Due to political reasons, Wei's literary wisdom and life wisdom were widely spread in the Jin Dynasty. Celebrities are always talkative and usually elegant. When talking, they hold their tails in their hands. The most admirable thing in their romantic life is their poetic pride. They drink too much to celebrate their birthdays, despise etiquette, show off their personalities, show off their talents, be wild and unrestrained, do whatever they want, be detached from things, laugh at life and death and despise wealth, so they are not official posts ... They are the keel of that era, which reminds us of them thousands of years later: celebrities are true, independent and special. Or embodied in the ambition of the mountain, or manifested in the act of doing good. However, Geng Jie despises everything, doesn't care about the times, and is careless.
I think it is difficult for a cynic to become a celebrity, especially in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Shi Shuo Xin Yu describes such a social group or cultural group to us.
The current Shi Shuo Xin Yu has not only literary appreciation value, but also stories and literary allusions. Most of them are used by later writers and have a great influence on later notes. The influence of Shi Shuo Xin Yu and its demeanor in Wei and Jin Dynasties have penetrated into the minds of intellectuals, and its ideal and aesthetic life realm have become the eternal pursuit of China intellectuals.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu is a collection of novels devoted to the speech and behavior of some noble scholars and celebrities from the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the Jin and Song Dynasties, and has always been regarded as a model of "ambition" novels in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Before Newspeak, there were many anecdotes. Although the neologisms we have seen today have lost their original features, they are still relatively complete in terms of their circulation, and they also reveal the values that have been generally valued in past dynasties. In the anecdote novels of local chroniclers in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Shi Shuo Xin Yu was praised as a well-deserved leader for its extensive and rich content and exquisite language art, which also established his position in the history of ancient novels in China. The book Shi Shuo Xin Yu records many anecdotes about people's words and deeds, including virtue, language, politics, literature, founder and so on. Today we are going to talk about this part of virtue. There are many kinds of virtues, such as filial piety, affectation and money view. There is a piece of gold in the garden of Guan Ning and Huaxin * * *, and Guan Ning hoes the same as the tile stone, but Huaxin catches it and throws it away. Read the deskmate again ... fame and fortune are often tempting places. For example, one day, Ning Guan and Huaxin were digging up soil and growing vegetables in the garden. When they saw a piece of gold dug up on the ground, Guan Ning was not tempted, so they plowed the gold as an ordinary tile. Huaxin picked up the gold in his hand, looked at it and threw it away. Later, one time, the two had been studying together, and an official drove by, which was very lively. Guan Ning studied as usual, but Hua Xin was vain. He put the book aside and ran outside to read it. So Guan Ning cut the straw mat with a knife and sat separately and said to him, "You are not my friend!" " Hua Xin lost his original virtue for the sake of temporary fame and fortune, which shows that whether a person has superb virtue is not caused by a day or two, but virtue is cultivated over time. I don't think Hua Xin should be tempted by fame and fortune, but should learn more from Guan Ning and not be tempted by fame and fortune. Guan Ning is Rainbow Rong, because Wang Rong's father Wang Hun once worked as an official in the county, because he was grateful for his kindness and missed his kindness, so he sent millions of funerals together. At this time, Wang Hun was already dead, so his son Wang Rong accepted it, but Wang Rong didn't accept it at all, but it wouldn't be the case if it was Hua Xin. There are many stories about virtue. For example, in terms of emotions, people with bad morals tend to focus on personal emotions. When they are in a good mood, everyone is good, and when they are in a bad mood, everyone is bitter. In ancient times, there was a person who was happy or sad, and that person was Ji Kang. Wang Rong said that I have been with Ji Kang for 20 years, and I have never seen his happy or angry expression. Sometimes you can have both virtue and filial piety, such as Wang Xiang. Wang Xiang served his stepmother, Mrs Zhu, with great respect. There is a plum tree in his home, and the fruit is very sweet. His stepmother often sends him to see the plum tree. Sometimes when it's windy and rainy, Wang Xiang is afraid of death, holding the plum tree and crying. On one occasion, Wang Xiang once slept in another bed, and her stepmother took the opportunity to secretly cut him off, but Wang Xiang just got up to pee, so she only cut the quilt, and her stepmother always regretted it. Wang Xiang knelt in front of her stepmother and let her kill him. At this moment, her stepmother was moved to consciousness. From then on, she loved Wang Xiang as much as her own son. People sometimes don't have to hate each other because they don't like them, but they can turn grief into strength, and then appreciate each other and treat each other as equals. People usually get a bad thing, or encounter something harmful to themselves and avoid it, but if the next person gets this thing, or encounters this thing, isn't it also avoiding it? If you are unlucky, you will be affected by this kind of thing. Among these bright mounts, there is a fierce horse named Lu. Someone advised him to send someone to get it and sell it. Liang replied, "If you sell it, someone will buy it, which will do harm to others." Where can I transfer something harmful to myself to others? Once upon a time, Sun Shuai killed a two-headed snake because he was not seen by future generations. Since then, he has become a story that the ancients are willing to tell. Is it unreasonable for me to follow his example? From these stories, we can know that as long as you have good virtue, it will be of great help to you whether you make friends or have a good parent-child relationship. How to Xiu De? This is related to a person's daily life habits, as long as the daily life is normal, treat everything with a normal heart and have an orderly age. As long as you have these standards, I believe that goodness is not far away. So from now on, try to cultivate your own virtue! Well, you organize the language, and there is the next one: holding Mr. Lu Xun's "Morning Flowers and Evening Picks", savoring the childlike innocence revealed between the lines, and my thoughts seem to have drifted to the carefree days that once belonged to us.
Just like its unique name, Flowers in the Morning is a famous masterpiece written by Mr. Lu Xun in his later years. When I am old and tired, I will still have the original taste in my heart and feel that I have another taste. Flowers that bloom in the morning will become more delicate with the dawn. When the sun sets, they will be picked and lose their delicate fragrance when they first bloom. However, the irradiation of the sunset glow adds a charm to them, and the faint fragrance is guided by the wind, which makes people think. It's like tasting a delicious dish and chewing it carefully. When I was a child, the taste of innocence stayed in my heart and slowly overflowed.
Mr. Lu Xun is a great writer, and his childhood is not boring. He is a countryman, but he can study like a city man. Less rough country children and more knowledge. Less children of girls in the city, more generous style. He misses the carefree days in the Herbal Garden, interacting with bugs, as if such a childhood was enough. When the adults were in a daze, they got into the Herbal Garden at an extremely fast speed. Oil flies sing here, crickets accompany them, and Lu Xun's childhood seems to be spent in a waltz of nature.
Boring is the best interpretation of Mr. Lu Xun's Sanwei study. Being a little lazy for a while will also be influenced by the old man's sentence: "Where did everyone go?" Shout back, all day long in addition to reading or reading, idle boring.
The naivety revealed in the book seems to have infected me inadvertently. Maybe Lu Xun's article really has some magic. He explored my heart with a child's simple eyes and aroused my voice.
Some people say that the most important thing to see if a person can really write an article is whether there is emotion in his article. The teacher once said: only emotions can turn articles into flesh and blood. I have to admit that Lu Xun is really good. Although all his words are plain and simple, his passion is beyond doubt. He hopes to really embrace nature, look forward to wandering in the mountains and rivers, and look forward to one day being one with bugs. Reading and reading, it's as if the old man suddenly became a vibrant child, smelling of sunshine.
When I was young, I had such a glorious century. I like sitting on the river bank and watching ducks swim by, stretching out a hand to index "one, two". . . . . " ; I like to run in the forest path, put aside my unhappiness and laugh heartily, whether polite or not; I also like to hide in a secret place and watch my companions go in and out looking for my busy figure. Finally, because my hiding skills are too high, I have to bow my head and give up. Thought of here, there is a feeling of secretly pleased, I can't say what it is. It seems that a small "conspiracy" succeeded, and it seems to have escaped a small "disaster".
Our childhood drifted away, leaving beautiful memories. Let's take a look at Lu Xun's childhood and slowly experience a happy childhood. Trivial memories reappear in the morning flowers and the evening picking. Different times, the same happiness, childhood, people miss. Hope to adopt @!