Qu Qiubai, aged from 65438 to 0904, entered a private school, a private preschool education institution established by families, clans or villages, and transferred to the local Guan Ying primary school from 65438 to 0905. He loves learning, thinks diligently and writes well. Once in a composition, the teacher gave full marks to the principal. Because of the good handwriting, I got five points.
In the spring of the first year of Qing Dynasty (1909), Qu Qiubai, aged 10, was admitted to Changzhou Fuzhong School (now Changzhou Senior High School in Jiangsu). Under the influence of the headmaster's revolutionary thought, Qu Qiubai really formed the habit of studying in middle school.
After the Revolution of 1911, Qu Qiubai's uncle Qu Shihu abandoned his official position and lived in Hangzhou, no longer supporting Qu Shiwei's family. As a result, Qu Qiubai's family got into financial difficulties and was forced to move to Chengxi Temple to live along Tingqu Ancestral Temple, living by pawning and borrowing money.
19 15 In the winter, Qu Qiubai was forced to drop out of school because he could not afford the tuition. On the fifth day of the first month, Jin Xuan committed suicide by taking poison, and the Qu Qiubai family went to visit relatives and friends respectively. Qu Qiubai first taught in Yang's primary school.
1965438+At the end of 2006, with the support of Qu Chunbai, a cousin of Han Jing Railway Bureau, Qu Qiubai came to Hankou and entered Wuchang Foreign Language School to study English.
19 17 In the spring, Qu Qiubai went north to Beijing with his cousin. Originally, Qu Qiubai wanted to apply for Peking University, but he couldn't afford to study and board, so he didn't pass the ordinary civil service exam, so he was admitted to the Russian special museum run by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where he was born without paying tuition fees and studied Russian. 1965438+On May 4th, 2009, introverted Qu Qiubai participated in the May 4th Movement and joined the Marxist Research Association initiated by Li Dazhao and Zhang Songnian. 1965438+On June 3, 2009, Qu Qiubai was illegally arrested while attending a street speech, and was released on June 8. 1965438+On August 23rd, 2009, student representatives from Qu Qiubai and other places gathered in xinhua gate to protest "It's a disaster in Shandong" and were arrested by the police. On August 30th, under the pressure of the national patriotic movement, the police released all the petitioners. 1In August, 920, Qu Qiubai was hired by Beijing Morning Post and Shanghai News as a special correspondent to go to Moscow for an interview.
1921July 6, Qu Qiubai met with Lenin, the revolutionary mentor, and had a brief conversation. 192 1 year165438+1October 7th, the fourth anniversary of the October Revolution Festival in Russia, Qu Qiubai attended the workers' memorial meeting in Moscow No.3 Electric Power Works, met Lenin again and listened to his speech. 192 1 autumn, Oriental University opened China class. As the only translator in Moscow at that time, Qu Qiubai entered the school as a translator and teaching assistant, and China class was organized separately. The students in this class are Peng Shuzhi, Ren, Ke Qingshi, Xiao and so on. Qu Qiubai teaches Russian, materialist dialectics and political economy, and serves as a translator for political theory courses. 1921may, Zhang introduced that he joined the * * * production party, which was then a Russian * * * party organization.
/kloc-in the spring of 0/922, he officially joined the China * * * production party.
At the end of 1922, Chen Duxiu went to Moscow on behalf of China's * * * production party, with Qu Qiubai as his interpreter. 1922 65438+February 2 1 At the invitation of Chen Duxiu, he left Moscow for work and returned to Beijing on June1923 65438+1October 13.
1February, 923 Qu Qiubai partially translated on the basis of Leninism. In order to better spread Leninism, Qu Qiubai translated the part of "An Overview of Leninism" in Stalin's On the Basis of Leninism, and published it in New Youth on April 22nd of the same year. Before that, Qu Qiubai also wrote many articles introducing Lenin, introducing the international program and strategy of * * * production and the history of the international * * * production movement.
1In the summer of 923, Yu Youren and Deng Zhongxia founded Shanghai University, and Qu Qiubai also went to Shanghai University as Dean and Head of Sociology Department. Qu Qiubai also wrote and published "Shanghai University" in August 1923, which made a grand plan for the development of Shanghai University. They imagined that the general would become the center of the new cultural movement in the south, and set out to formulate the school charter, reorganize the teaching staff, implement the policy of combining theory with practice, improve the teaching quality, and establish the grass-roots organization of the production party. At the same time, Qu Qiubai is in charge of domestic propaganda work, serving as the editor-in-chief of the quarterly magazine New Youth, and at the same time editing another central organ publication, Forward, and participating in editing the Guide.
At the end of 1923, Qu Qiubai participated in drafting the Draft Declaration of the First National Congress of the Kuomintang. The declaration established the new Three People's Principles policy of uniting Russia, uniting with * * and helping workers and peasants.
1924 65438+1On October 20th, the first National Congress of the Chinese Nationalist Party opened in Guangzhou. At the meeting, Qu Qiubai was elected as an alternate executive member of the Kuomintang Central Committee. He often traveled between Shanghai and Guangzhou to deal with the cooperation between the two parties.
1924 In July, according to Sun Yat-sen's suggestion, the Kuomintang Central Committee set up a political committee, with Sun Tzu as its chairman and Qu Qiubai elected as a five-member committee. During this period, Qu Qiubai also participated in the guidance of the Kuomintang Shanghai Executive Department as an alternate executive member of the Central Committee. At the same time, he also served as the editor of the Republic of China Daily, the organ newspaper of Shanghai Kuomintang.
From 1925 to 1, Qu Qiubai was elected as a member of the Central Committee, C.O. and the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee at the fourth, fifth and sixth national congresses in China, and became one of the leaders of China. On May 30th, the May 30th Massacre took place, and Qu Qiubai, Chen Duxiu, Cai Hesen, Li, Yun and others led the patriotic and anti-imperialist movement. On June 4th, Qu Qiubai was responsible for editing and publishing the first daily newspaper of the * * * production party, Hot Blood Daily, which reported the news of the anti-imperialist struggle of Shanghai and the whole country. 1926 spring, seriously ill in hospital. He wrote a book "Russian bourgeois revolution and farmers' problems".
On February 7th 1927, Qu Qiubai's essays were edited by himself. On the 22nd of the same month, Shanghai workers launched the second armed uprising, and Qu Qiubai rushed to Galeries Lafayette Road riot command post to participate in leading the uprising. That night, he attended the joint meeting of the central and district party committees, drafted the Opinions on Policies and Work Plans after the "February 22" riots in Shanghai overnight, and submitted it to the Central Special Committee. From February 25 to March 2, he attended the meeting of the Central Special Committee to discuss the third armed uprising of Shanghai workers and put forward important guiding opinions. From Shanghai to Hankou in March, he was responsible for convening the fifth congress. On April 1 1, I wrote a preface for Mao Zedong's Investigation Report on Hunan Peasant Movement. From April 27th to May 9th, the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held. On the first day, Chen Duxiu made a central report, and on the second day, Qu Qiubai distributed "Arguments in the China Revolution", sharply criticizing Chen Duxiu and other right opportunist mistakes represented by * * * Production International. Qu Qiubai was elected as a member of the Central Committee and a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau.
1927, 12 in July, Chen Duxiu, the leader of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's reorganization international instructions, was suspended, and Zhang temporarily presided over the central work. /kloc-in July of 0/3, Qu Qiubai and Bao Luoting secretly went to Lushan Mountain to discuss the reorganization of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's leading bodies and plan armed riots. In late July, Qu Qiubai returned to Wuhan to attend the enlarged meeting of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee held on July 25th, and discussed and agreed to the proposal of the Nanchang court. 1 in August, Nanchang Uprising was finally realized. On August 7th, Luo Ming Naz, the new international representative of * * * production, presided over a meeting (August 7th meeting), officially dismissed Chen Duxiu (absent), and appointed Qu Qiubai as the temporary Politburo Standing Committee to preside over the central work, becoming the second supreme leader of China * * * production party after Chen Duxiu.
1928 In March and April, the Provisional Standing Committee made self-criticism, which basically ended the nationwide left-leaning blind mistakes in practice.
1928 In mid-May, Qu Qiubai arrived in Moscow. In June, Qu Qiubai hosted the Sixth National Congress of China in the town of Rhodes, Vignau, on the outskirts of Moscow. After the Sixth National Congress, Qu Qiubai stayed in Moscow and served as the head of the delegation to China for two years. In fact, Li Hexiang is the direct leader of China. /kloc-in the summer of 0/927, Mi Fei and Wang Ming fabricated the event of "Jiangsu-Zhejiang Homecoming". /kloc-in the summer of 0/929, Wang Ming and others used the anti-rightist party-clearing movement to set off a wave of Sun Yat-sen University and held a "ten-day meeting" to form "twenty-eight and a half Bolsheviks". Under the leadership of Wang Ming, they shouted, booed, abused, attacked the * * * delegation, and put the right and left-leaning hats on Qu Qiubai's head, resulting in Qu Qiubai's third brother Bai Jing ".
/kloc-in the spring of 0/930, with the support of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and * * * Production International, Qu Qiubai was dismissed as the representative of China * * * Production Party in Moscow, left the Soviet Union with his wife and returned to Shanghai on August 26th. At the end of September, the Third Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee was held, criticizing Li San's adventurist line. However, because Qu Qiubai "didn't realize the fundamental difference between Li San's route and the international route", his criticism against the three routes was not thorough enough.
193110/On October 7th, the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee was held in Shanghai, where Mi Fei was in charge, which not only dismissed Li, but also removed Qu Qiubai from the central leadership position. At this point, Mi Fei achieved the goal of controlling the central government, and Wang Ming also succeeded. After he defected in June, he became acting general secretary and went to Moscow as the international representative of * * * in * *, and Bo Gu Kailai () took over as the head of the interim central government. Qu Qiubai stayed in Shanghai for illness (tuberculosis), engaged in literary creation and translation, forged deep friendship with Mao Dun and Lu Xun, and led the left-wing movement. 1934 Qu Qiubai was ordered to leave Shanghai.
1February 5, 934, Qu Qiubai arrived in Ruijin, the central revolutionary base, and served as a member of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union of Ren Zhonghua, a member of the People's Education Committee, and the Minister of Education of the Soviet Union of China and the Central Government of China. After the Red Army decided on the Long March, Qu Qiubai was left in Ruijin, which was about to fall, although he was asked to join the Long March several times. During the Long March, Qu Qiubai, the main force of the Red Army, suffered from lung disease, stayed in Ruijin, Jiangxi, insisted on guerrilla warfare, and served as the director of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee .. 1935. In February, his lung disease became more and more serious, and the central government decided to send him to Shanghai for treatment via Hong Kong. On February 24th, when they arrived at Xiaojing Village, Shuikou Town, Tianzhuo District, Changting County, Fujian Province, they were discovered by the local reactionary armed security corps and could not be arrested. At that time, Qu Qiubai, alias Lin Qixiang, was a doctor by profession. He was tortured by the enemy, but he didn't tell the truth. The enemy will never know his true identity. In early April, Xu Cheng, the wife of Fujian Provincial Party Secretary who was captured by the Eighth Division of the Kuomintang, released the news that Qu Qiubai was captured in Changting. According to the information provided by Xu, the Kuomintang found Qu Qiubai among the captured personnel, and let Zheng Dapeng, a traitor who worked as a postman, secretly identify him and confirm that "Lin Qixiang" was indeed Qu Qiubai.
On May 9 1935, Qu Qiubai was escorted to Changting. During his detention (May 23rd), Qu Qiubai wrote "Redundant Words", expressing his tortuous mental journey from a scholar to a politician. 1935, 18 On the morning of June, he wrote his last poem and died in Luohanling at the age of 36.